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  • Chemistry  (15)
  • Life and Medical Sciences  (6)
  • F22
  • Receptors, Cell Surface
  • Salt tolerance
  • superoxide dismutase
  • 1995-1999  (15)
  • 1980-1984  (12)
  • 1
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    Basal cell carcinomas in mice overexpressing sonic hedgehog (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-05-02
    Description: Mutations in the tumor suppressor gene PATCHED (PTC) are found in human patients with the basal cell nevus syndrome, a disease causing developmental defects and tumors, including basal cell carcinomas. Gene regulatory relationships defined in the fruit fly Drosophila suggest that overproduction of Sonic hedgehog (SHH), the ligand for PTC, will mimic loss of ptc function. It is shown here that transgenic mice overexpressing SHH in the skin develop many features of basal cell nevus syndrome, demonstrating that SHH is sufficient to induce basal cell carcinomas in mice. These data suggest that SHH may have a role in human tumorigenesis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Oro, A E -- Higgins, K M -- Hu, Z -- Bonifas, J M -- Epstein, E H Jr -- Scott, M P -- AR39959/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 May 2;276(5313):817-21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Dermatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5427, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9115210" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Basal Cell Nevus Syndrome/*genetics/metabolism/pathology ; Carcinoma, Basal Cell/*genetics/metabolism/pathology ; Embryo, Mammalian ; *Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Hedgehog Proteins ; Humans ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; Keratinocytes/metabolism ; Male ; Membrane Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, SCID ; Mice, Transgenic ; Mutation ; Neoplasm Transplantation ; Protein Biosynthesis ; Proteins/*genetics/metabolism ; Receptors, Cell Surface ; Skin/pathology ; Skin Neoplasms/*genetics/metabolism/pathology ; Skin Transplantation ; *Trans-Activators
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Human homolog of patched, a candidate gene for the basal cell nevus syndrome (1996)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1996-06-14
    Description: The basal cell nevus syndrome (BCNS) is characterized by developmental abnormalities and by the postnatal occurrence of cancers, especially basal cell carcinomas (BCCs), the most common human cancer. Heritable mutations in BCNS patients and a somatic mutation in a sporadic BCC were identified in a human homolog of the Drosophila patched (ptc) gene. The ptc gene encodes a transmembrane protein that in Drosophila acts in opposition to the Hedgehog signaling protein, controlling cell fates, patterning, and growth in numerous tissues. The human PTC gene appears to be crucial for proper embryonic development and for tumor suppression.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Johnson, R L -- Rothman, A L -- Xie, J -- Goodrich, L V -- Bare, J W -- Bonifas, J M -- Quinn, A G -- Myers, R M -- Cox, D R -- Epstein, E H Jr -- Scott, M P -- AR3995/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 Jun 14;272(5268):1668-71.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Developmental Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, California 94305-5427, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8658145" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Basal Cell Nevus Syndrome/*genetics ; Base Sequence ; Cloning, Molecular ; DNA, Neoplasm ; Drosophila ; *Drosophila Proteins ; Female ; Frameshift Mutation ; *Genes, Tumor Suppressor ; Humans ; Insect Hormones/genetics ; Male ; Membrane Proteins/*genetics ; Middle Aged ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Polymorphism, Single-Stranded Conformational ; Protein Conformation ; Receptors, Cell Surface
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Novel mutations in an otherwise strictly conserved domain of CuZn superoxide dismutase (1997)
    Springer
    Molecular and cellular biochemistry 168 (1997), S. 191-194 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4919
    Keywords: superoxide dismutase ; amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ; mutation ; zinc binding ; allele ; exon III
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract All mutations in the human gene for CuZn superoxide dismutase (CuZnSOD) reported to date are associated with the disease amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). These mutations, mostly of a familial nature (ALS 1, MIM 105400), span all of the coding region of this enzyme except for a highly conserved centrally located domain that includes all of exon III. We describe the identification and characterization of two mutations in this region, both found in mice. One mutation, a glutamate to lysine amino acid substitution was found in position 77 (E77K) of the strain SOD1/Ei distributed by the Jackson Laboratory. The other mutation, a lysine to glutamate substitution at position 70 (K70E) of a human transgene, was discovered in mouse line TgHS/SF-155. Enzyme activity measurements and heterodimer analysis of the CuZn SOD variant in SOD1/Ei suggest a mild loss of activity, which differs from the enzyme activity losses detected in patients with autosomal dominant ALS 1. Similarly, the presence of the mutant transgene in TgHS/SF 155 does not produce any phenotypic manifestations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006871524623
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mapping of the K+/Na+ discrimination locus Kna1 in wheat (1996)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 92 (1996), S. 448-454 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key words  Wheat ; Salt tolerance ; Homoeologous recombination ; QTL ; RFLP ; Genetic marker
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract   In saline environments, bread wheat, Triticum aestivum L. (genomes AABBDD), accumulates less Na+ and more K+ in expanding and young leaves than durum wheat, T. turgidum L. (genomes AABB). Higher K+/Na+ ratios in leaves of bread wheat correlate with its higher salt tolerance. Chromosome 4D from bread wheat was shown in previous work to play an important role in the control of this trait and was recombined with chromosome 4B in the absence of the Ph1 locus. A population of plants disomic for 4D/4B recombined chromosomes in the genetic background of T. turgidum was developed to investigate the genetic control of K+/Na+ discrimination by chromosome 4D. Evidence was obtained that the trait is controlled by a single locus, designated Kna1, in the long arm of chromosome 4D. In the present work, K+/Na+ discrimination was determined for additional families with 4D/4B chromosomes. The concentrations of Na+ and K+/Na+ ratios in the youngest leaf blades clustered in two nonoverlapping classes, and all recombinant families could be unequivocally assigned to Kna1 and kna1 classes. The Kna1 locus scored this way was mapped on a short region in the 4DL arm and was completely linked to Xwg199, Xabc305, Xbcd402, Xpsr567, and Xpsr375; it was also mapped as a quantitative trait. The results of the QTL analysis, based on the K+/Na+ ratios in the young leaves of greenhouse-grown plants and flag leaves of field-grown plants, agreed with the position of Kna1 determined as a qualitative trait. Several aspects of gene introgression by manipulation of the Ph1 locus are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220050148
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mapping of the K+/Na+ discrimination locus Kna1 in wheat (1996)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 92 (1996), S. 448-454 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Wheat ; Salt tolerance ; Homoeologous recombination ; QTL ; RFLP ; Genetic marker
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract In saline environments, bread wheat, Triticum aestivum L. (genomes AABBDD), accumulates less Na+ and more K+ in expanding and young leaves than durum wheat, T. turgidum L. (genomes AABB). Higher K+/Na+ ratios in leaves of bread wheat correlate with its higher salt tolerance. Chromosome 4D from bread wheat was shown in previous work to play an important role in the control of this trait and was recombined with chromosome 4B in the absence of the Ph1 locus. A population of plants disomic for 4D/4B recombined chromosomes in the genetic background of T. turgidum was developed to investigate the genetic control of K+/Na+ discrimination by chromosome 4D. Evidence was obtained that the trait is controlled by a single locus, designated Kna1, in the long arm of chromosome 4D. In the present work, K+/Na+ discrimination was determined for additional families with 4D/4B chromosomes. The concentrations of Na+ and K+/Na+ ratios in the youngest leaf blades clustered in two nonoverlapping classes, and all recombinant families could be unequivocally assigned to Kna1 and kna1 classes. The Kna1 locus scored this way was mapped on a short region in the 4DL arm and was completely linked to Xwg199, Xabc305, Xbcd.402, Xpsr567, and Xpsr375; it was also mapped as a quantitative trait. The results of the QTL analysis, based on the K+/Na+ ratios in the young leaves of greenhousegrown plants and flag leaves of field-grown plants, agreed with the position of Knal determined as a qualitative trait. Several aspects of gene introgression by manipulation of the Ph1 locus are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00223692
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Role of Superoxide Dismutase in Ischemic Brain Injury: A Study Using SOD-1 Transgenic Mice (1998)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular neurobiology 18 (1998), S. 609-620 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6830
    Keywords: ischemic brain injury ; superoxide dismutase ; SOD-1 transgenic mice ; nitric oxide
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract 1. Nitric oxide radicals (NO) play an important role in the pathophysiology of focal cerebral ischemia. 2. Vascular NO can reduce ischemic brain injury by increasing CBF, whereas neuronal NO may mediate neurotoxicity following brain ischemia, mainly by its reaction with superoxide to generate peroxynitrite. 3. These findings could contribute to a strategy for the treatment of cerebral ischemia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1020677701368
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kinetics of nucleic acid-large ligand interactions: Multiplet-closure approximations and matrix-iteration techniques (1981)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 20 (1981), S. 1651-1669 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Approximate methods are developed and evaluated for treating the rate of binding ligands that cover several contiguous sites to a homogeneous one-dimensional lattice, which represents a nucleic acid or other linear biopolymer. The model requires as input only the number of lattice sites necessary for binding, the total number (possibly infinite) of lattice sites, and elementary rate constants for the cooperative and noncooperative association and dissociation of the ligand on the lattice. The computational methods employed are an extension of the triplet closure approximation from the helix-coil (single-site ligand) problem to the large ligand binding problem. It is found that consideration of clusters of n + 2 lattice sites, where each ligand covers n sites, gives a surprisingly accurate description of the kinetics. The approximation is implemented by an extension of the matrix-iteration approach proposed by Craig and Crothers. The effects of the finite lattice length, as well as the capability to treat ligand motion along the lattice, are incorporated. When all symmetries are taken into consideration, the time required for the matrix iteration calculation rises only linearly with the ligand length n and is considerably less than that of the Monte Carlo method, which is used as a standard for comparison.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.1981.360200808
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kinetics of irreversible dissociation for proteins bound cooperatively to DNA (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 23 (1984), S. 1249-1259 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We consider the irreversible dissociation kinetics of proteins that bind cooperatively and nonspecifically to DNA. Our model consists of an infinitely long one-dimensional nucleic acid lattice on which are bound protein ligands. A set of adjacent bound proteins forms a cluster of length n. A protein molecule may dissociate from any site within the bound cluster, not only from the ends, as was assumed in a previous model of this process due to Lohman [(1983) Biopolymers 22, 1697-1713]. By considering this additional pathway, we present a more general treatment of the dissociation kinetics of cooperatively bound ligands. We show that dissociation from the (n-2) internal positions of an n-cluster is an important pathway when the initial fractional saturation of the lattice is close to unity and the co operatively is low. When the fractional saturation is initially equal to 1 and the co operatively is low, our model does not give the zero-order dissociation kinetics predicted by the Lohman model.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.360230709
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Environmental stress crack growth in medium-density polyethylene pipe (1981)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 26 (1981), S. 1049-1056 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1981.070260327
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies on the chemical syntheses and on the characteristics of polyaniline derivatives (1995)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 33 (1995), S. 1227-1234 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: polyanilines ; derivatives ; chemical synthesis ; oxidation state ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Syntheses of parent polyaniline and methyl, methoxy, and ethoxy ortho-substituted polyanilines were performed using the conventional chemical methodology and monitored using the new open-circuit-potential (Voc) profile technique. The intermediate pernigraniline oxidation state was identified and isolated at the Voc maximum (A) during the conventional chemical synthesis of poly(o-methoxyaniline) in the emeraldine oxidation state. The introduction of the substituent on the aniline ring leads to longer polymerization times and lower Voc values. Syntheses in the presence of two different monomers in solution were also investigated and showed preferential polymerization of the monomer with the lowest Voc potential. All polymers produced were characterized by elemental analysis, gel permeation chromatography, UV-VIS spectroscopy, and cyclic voltammetry. The influence of the substituent on the Voc profile and on the polymer characteristics are rationalized in terms of steric and electronic effects. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1995.080330805
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