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  • Other Sources  (1,045)
  • ASTROPHYSICS  (656)
  • Aerospace Medicine  (196)
  • AIRCRAFT DESIGN, TESTING AND PERFORMANCE  (193)
  • 1995-1999  (267)
  • 1980-1984  (778)
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  • Other Sources  (1,045)
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  • 1
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    Managing fatigue in operational settings 1: Physiological considerations and counter-measures (1997)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: No abstract available
    Keywords: Aerospace Medicine
    Type: Hospital topics (ISSN 0018-5868); Volume 75; 3; 23-30
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 2
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    Leukocyte subsets and neutrophil function after short-term spaceflight (1999)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: Changes in leukocyte subpopulations and function after spaceflight have been observed but the mechanisms underlying these changes are not well defined. This study investigated the effects of short-term spaceflight (8-15 days) on circulating leukocyte subsets, stress hormones, immunoglobulin levels, and neutrophil function. At landing, a 1.5-fold increase in neutrophils was observed compared with preflight values; lymphocytes were slightly decreased, whereas the results were variable for monocytes. No significant changes were observed in plasma levels of immunoglobulins, cortisol, or adrenocorticotropic hormone. In contrast, urinary epinephrine, norepinephrine, and cortisol were significantly elevated at landing. Band neutrophils were observed in 9 of 16 astronauts. Neutrophil chemotactic assays showed a 10-fold decrease in the optimal dose response after landing. Neutrophil adhesion to endothelial cells was increased both before and after spaceflight. At landing, the expression of MAC-1 was significantly decreased while L-selectin was significantly increased. These functional alterations may be of clinical significance on long-duration space missions.
    Keywords: Aerospace Medicine
    Type: Journal of leukocyte biology (ISSN 0741-5400); Volume 65; 2; 179-86
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  • 3
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    Managing fatigue in operational settings 2: An integrated approach (1996)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: The six domains that must be addressed in managing fatigue in operational settings are identified, and examples of how the aviation industry is dealing with the problems in each domain are given. Challenges facing healthcare providers in managing fatigue are also discussed.
    Keywords: Aerospace Medicine
    Type: Behavioral medicine (Washington, D.C.) (ISSN 0896-4289); Volume 21; 4; 166-70
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  • 4
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    Evidence for increased beta-adrenoreceptor responsiveness induced by 14 days of simulated microgravity in humans (1997)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: We studied hemodynamic responses to alpha- and beta-receptor agonists in eight healthy men before and after 14 days of 6 degrees head-down tilt (HDT) to test the hypothesis that increased adrenoreceptor responsiveness is induced by prolonged exposure to simulated microgravity. Steady-state infusions of isoproterenol (Iso) at rates of 0.005, 0.01, and 0.02 microgram.kg-1.min-1 were used to assess beta 1- and beta 2-adrenoreceptor responsiveness. Infusions of phenylephrine (PE) at rates of 0.25, 0.50, and 1.00 microgram.kg-1.min-1 were used to assess responsiveness of alpha 1-vascular adrenoreceptors. Slopes calculated from linear regressions between Iso and PE doses and changes in beat-to-beat heart rate, blood pressure, and leg vascular resistance (occlusion plethysmography) for each subject were used as an index of alpha- and beta-adrenoreceptor responsiveness. HDT increased the slopes of heart rate (1,056 +/- 107 to 1,553 +/- 83 beats micrograms-1.kg-1.min-1; P = 0.014) and vasodilation (-469 +/- 111 to -1,446 +/- 309 peripheral resistance units.microgram-1.kg-1.min-1; P = 0.0224) to Iso infusion. There was no alteration in blood pressure or vascular resistance responses to PE infusion after HDT. Our results provide evidence that simulated microgravity causes selective increases in beta 1- and beta 2-adrenoreceptor responsiveness without affecting alpha 1-vascular adrenoreceptor responses.
    Keywords: Aerospace Medicine
    Type: The American journal of physiology (ISSN 0002-9513); Volume 273; 1 Pt 2; R93-9
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  • 5
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    [Clinical and physiological evaluation of bone changes among astronauts after long-term space flights] (1998)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: Results of the joint Russian/US studies of the effect of microgravity on bone tissues in 18 cosmonauts on return from 4.5- to 14.5-month long missions are presented. Dual-energy x-ray gamma-absorbtiometry (QDR-1000 W, Hologic, USA) was used to measure bone mineral density (BMD, g/cm2) and mineral content (BMC, g) in the whole body, the scalp including cervical vertebra, arms, ribs, sternal and lumbar regions of the spinal column, pelvis and legs. A clearly defined dependence of topography of changes upon the position of a skeletal segment in the gravity vector was established. The greatest BMD losses have been observed in the skeleton of the lower body, i.e. in pelvic bones (-11.99 +/- 1.22%), lumbar vertebra (-5.63 +/- 0.817%), and in proximal femur, particularly in the femoral neck (-8.17 +/- 1.24%). Bones of the upper skeleton were either unchanged (insignificant) or showed a positive trend. Overall changes in bone mass of the whole skeleton of male cosmonauts during the period of about 6 months on mission made up -1.41 +/- 0.406% and suggest the mean balance of calcium over flight equal to -227 +/- 62.8 mg/day. Reasoning is given to qualify these states of cosmonauts' bone tissues as local osteopenia. On the literature and results of authors' clinical evidence, discussed is availability of the densitometric data for predicting risk of trauma. A biological nature of the changes under observation is hypothesized.
    Keywords: Aerospace Medicine
    Type: Aviakosmicheskaia i ekologicheskaia meditsina = Aerospace and environmental medicine (ISSN 0233-528X); Volume 32; 1; 21-5
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  • 6
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    Effects of Promethazine on Performance During Simulated Shuttle Landings (1999)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-12-03
    Description: Promethazine (PMZ) is the antimotion sickness drug of choice in the U.S. Space Shuttle program; however, virtually nothing is known about the bioavailability and performance effects of this drug in the microgravity environment. PMZ has detrimental side effects on human performance on Earth that could affect Shuttle operations. In a recent ground-based study we examined: 1) the effects of promethazine (PMZ) on Shuttle landing performance using the portable inflight landing operations trainer (PILOT), and 2) saliva and urine samples to determine the pharmacokinetics of PMZ. The PILOT performance data is presented here.
    Keywords: Aerospace Medicine
    Type: Proceedings of the First Biennial Space Biomedical Investigators' Workshop; 148-149
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  • 7
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    F-111 TACT natural laminar flow glove flight results (1981)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-02-14
    Description: Improvements in cruise efficiency on the order of 15 to 40% are obtained by increasing the extent of laminar flow over lifting surfaces. Two methods of achieving laminar flow are being considered, natural laminar flow and laminar flow control. Natural laminar flow (NLF) relies primarily on airfoil shape while laminar flow control involves boundary layer suction or blowing with mechanical devices. The extent of natural laminar flow that could be achieved with consistency in a real flight environment at chord Reynolds numbers in the range of 30 x 10(6) power was evaluated. Nineteen flights were conducted on the F-111 TACT airplane having a NLF airfoil glove section. The section consists of a supercritical airfoil providing favorable pressure gradients over extensive portions of the upper and lower surfaces of the wing. Boundary layer measurements were obtained over a range of wing leading edge sweep angles at Mach numbers from 0.80 to 0.85. Data were obtained for natural transition and for a range of forced transition locations over the test airfoil.
    Keywords: AIRCRAFT DESIGN, TESTING AND PERFORMANCE
    Type: NASA. Langley Research Center Advan. Aerodyn.: Selected NASA Res.; p 11-20
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  • 8
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    Managing fatigue in operational settings 2: An integrated approach (1997)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: No abstract available
    Keywords: Aerospace Medicine
    Type: Hospital topics (ISSN 0018-5868); Volume 75; 3; 31-5
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  • 9
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    The Russian-U.S. Experience with Development Joint Medical Support Procedures for Before and After Long-Duration Space Flights (1999)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-29
    Description: As the Russian Space Agency (RSA) and the U.S. National Aviation and Space Administration (NASA) began in the mid 1990s to plan a preliminary cooperative flight program in anticipation of the International Space Station, programmatic and philosophical differences became apparent in the technical and medical approaches of the two agencies. This paper briefly describes some of these differences and the process by which the two sides resolved differences in their approaches to the medical selection and certification of Shuttle-Mir crew members. These negotiations formed the basis for developing policies on other aspects of the medical support function for international missions, including crew training, preflight and postflight data collection, and rehabilitation protocols. The experience gained through this cooperative effort has been invaluable for developing medical care capabilities for the International Space Station.
    Keywords: Aerospace Medicine
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  • 10
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    Thyroid Function Changes Related to Use of Iodinated Water in United States Space Program (1999)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-29
    Description: The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) has used iodination as a method of microbial disinfection of potable water systems in United States spacecraft and long-duration habitability modules. A review of the effects on the thyroid following consumption o iodinated water by NASA astronauts was conducted. Pharmacological doses of iodine consumed by astronauts transiently decreased thyroid function, as reflected in serum TSH values. Although the adverse effects of excess iodine consumption in susceptible individuals are well documented, exposure to high doses of iodine during space flight did not result in a statistically significant increase in long-term thyroid disease in the astronaut population.
    Keywords: Aerospace Medicine
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