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  • Wiley-Blackwell  (10)
  • 1995-1999  (8)
  • 1980-1984  (2)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dose-ranging study of Indole-3-Carbinol for breast cancer prevention (1997)
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 67 (1997), S. 111-116 
    Details
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: chemoprevention ; estrogen metabolites ; surrogate endpoint biomarker ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Sixty women at increased risk for breast cancer were enrolled in a placebo-controlled, double-blind dose-ranging chemoprevention study of indole-3-carbinol (I3C). Fifty-seven of these women with a mean age of 47 years (range 22-74) completed the study. Each woman took a placebo capsule or an I3C capsule daily for a total of 4 weeks; none of the women experienced any significant toxicity effects. The urinary estrogen metabolite ratio of 2-hydroxyestrone to 16α-hydroxyestrone, as determined by an ELISA assay, served as the surrogate endpoint biomarker (SEB). Perturbation in the levels of SEB from baseline was comparable among women in the control (C) group and the 50, 100, and 200 mg low-dose (LD) group. Similarly, it was comparable among women in the 300 and 400 mg high-dose (HD) group. Regression analysis showed that peak relative change of SEB for women in the HD group was significantly greater than that for women in the C and LD groups by an amount that was inversely related to baseline ratio; the difference at the median baseline ratio was 0.48 with 95 % confidence interval (0.30, 0.67). No other factors, such as age and menopausal status, were found to be significant in the regression analysis. The results in this study suggest that I3C at a minimum effective dose schedule of 300 mg per day is a promising chemopreventive agent for breast cancer prevention. A larger study to validate these results and to identify an optimal effective dose schedule of I3C for long-term breast cancer chemoprevention will be necessary. J. Cell. Biochem. Suppls. 28/29:111-116. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High throughput analysis of differential gene expression (1998)
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 72 (1998), S. 286-296 
    Details
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: EST ; cDNA microarray ; RDA ; osteoblast differentiation ; pax-6 ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Elucidation of the changes in gene expression associated with biological processes is a central problem in biology. Advances in molecular and computational biology have led to the development of powerful, high-thoughput methods for the analysis of differential gene expression. These tools have opened up new opportunities in disciplines ranging from cell and developmental biology to drug development and pharmacogenomics. In this review, the attributes of five commonly used differential gene expression methods are discussed: expressed sequence tag (EST) sequencing, cDNA microarray hybridization, subtractive cloning, differential display, and serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE). The application of EST sequencing and microarray hybridization is illustrated by the discovery of novel genes associated with osteoblast differentiation. The application of subtractive cloning is presented as a tool to identify genes regulated in vivo by the transcription factor pax-6. These and other examples illustrate the power of genomics for discovering novel genes that are important in biology and which also represent new targets for drug development. The central theme of the review is that each of the approaches to identifying differentially expressed genes is useful, and that the experimental context and subsequent evaluation of differentially expressed genes are the critical features that determine success. J. Cell. Biochem. Suppls. 30/31:286-296, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genes that regulate apoptosis in the mouse thymus (1996)
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 60 (1996), S. 18-22 
    Details
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Elimination of self-reactive T lymphocytes occurs during T-cell development in the thymus by a process known as negative selection. The mechanism that drives negative selection is apoptosis. To identify genes that regulate apoptosis in the mouse thymus, a library of negatively selected T cells was constructed and, by subtractive screening, several differentially regulated genes were isolated. Two transcripts that are repressed during cell death were identified, in addition to two induced transcripts. Further experiments demonstrated that cell death in thymocytes can occur via several induction pathways and each pathway appears to be regulated by a unique cascade of genes. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Zero migration of monomers in glassy polymers: A possible artifact of thermal depolymerization (1983)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 23 (1983), S. 473-488 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Efforts to remove traces of monomers contained in polymers by stripping with steam have resulted in reports that a small concentration of monomer is inextractable, or “locked-in,” the polymer. Any concomitant depolymerization to monomer and diffusive elution of the formed monomer would, in the steady state, result in a constant concentration of monomer within the confines of the polymer. If only the polymer phase were sampled and depolymerization were ignored, this result could be interpreted as an apparent “zero migration” level of monomer. A model that describes the coupled processes of depolymerization and diffusion is presented; predictions and estimates of an apparent “zero-migration” concentration are offered for various polymer/monomer systems considering a variety of kinetic schemes. The effects of temperature, geometry, and sample size on the transient and apparent steady-state, residual-weight fraction of monomer in the polymer are considered. Also, the weight fraction of monomer, neglecting diffusive elution, is estimated for comparison with the steady-state weight fractions calculated for the case in which diffusive elution significantly lowers the residual steady-state monomer level. The results predicted by the model presented are compared with experimental data reported in the literature. Transient approaches to the steady state are included in the model analysis. The steady-state monomer concentrations predicted for polystyrene and poly(acrylonitrile) at 100°C vary from 0.0001 ppm to 100 ppm as the diameter of the respective polymeric spheres varies between 0.5 μ and 500 μ. The predicted steady-state concentrations for vinyl chloride monomer in poly(vinyl chloride) are, under comparable conditions, seven orders of magnitude lower, reflecting the extraordinarily small tendency of polyvinyl chloride to degrade to monomer.
    Additional Material: 17 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760230902
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amperometric detection of the ammonium ion by facilitated ion transfer across the interface between two immiscible electrolyte solutions (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Electroanalysis 7 (1995), S. 425-434 
    Details
    ISSN: 1040-0397
    Keywords: Liquid-liquid interface ; Ammonium ion ; Nonactin ; Ionophores ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Facilitated ion transfer reactions of the ammonium, potassium, and sodium ions with the ionophores dibenzo-18-crown-6, nonactin, and valinomycin were investigated at the water/ 1, 2-dichloroethane interface. Association constants for the various reactions studied were calculated to determine the selectivity imparted by the ionophores on the transferring ions. Of the ionophores studied, nonactin was found to be the most selective towards the ammonium ion, with a calculated association constant of 14.1.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/elan.1140070505
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The liquid-liquid micro-interface for the amperometric detection of urea (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Electroanalysis 7 (1995), S. 714-721 
    Details
    ISSN: 1040-0397
    Keywords: Urea ; Liquid-liquid interface ; Enzymatic assay ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The detection of the ammonium ion produced by the enzymatic action of urease on urea is investigated electrochemically by means of Facilitated ion transfer reactions at liquid-liquid micro-interfaces. The urease was used either in a dissolved form (free in aqueous solution) or immobilized onto the surface of an ammonia gas permeable membrane. The sensing structure utilizing the ammonia gas permeable membrane allowed the detection of urea from 200μM to 4mM. Thick film technology was utilized in conjunction with UV excimer laser photoablation techniques to fabricate a inicroelectrode strip sensor for the ammonium ion.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/elan.1140070804
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Confocal laser-scanning microscopy for determining the structure of and keratinocyte infiltration through collagen sponges (1996)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 30 (1996), S. 331-339 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: The development of artificial skin substitutes based on cultured cells and biomaterials such as collagen requires an understanding of cellular interactions with the substrate. In this study, human keratinocytes were cultured on the surface of collagen sponges, and confocal laser-scanning microscopy (CLSM) was used to assess both the microstructure of the sponge, and the cell morphology and distribution throughout the sponge. It was found that the pore size increased with increasing depth into the sponge. Both pore size and fiber thickness increased during incubation for up to 10 days at 37°C in culture medium in the absence of cells. This latter effect was not observed when the sponges were incubated in distilled water. Keratinocytes penetrated into the sponge even after only 3 days in culture. By 10 days in culture, the cells had penetrated to the maximum depth that could be examined (120 μm from the sponge surface). In the presence of cells, the inner structure of the collagen sponge had altered after 10 days in culture, with the collagen fibers becoming thicker, and pore geometry less regular. The mechanism responsible for this is unknown at present. Although the presence of the keratinocytes increases distortion of the sponge structure, factors from the medium itself also contribute to this effect. CLSM is a powerful tool for assessing cellular interactions with bioimplants, providing both qualitative and quantitative information. It offers many advantages over scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and histological techniques. CLSM minimizes the time-consuming, extensive preparation of samples required with the latter two methods, and allows noninvasive serial optical sectioning of intact samples. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    XPS Studies of Fluorine Bonding in Phosphate Glasses (1996)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Surface and Interface Analysis 24 (1996), S. 91-94 
    Details
    ISSN: 0142-2421
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The F 1s spectra from fluorine-containing phosphate glasses provide quantitative information about the nature of fluorine bonding that can be used to test structure-composition models. When fluorine is added to an aluminophosphate base glass, AlνF bonds are initially preferred until all available Al sites are filled, after which additional F replaces PνOνP bonds to form PνF sites. In tin phosphate base glasses, the PνOνP bonds are consumed during the initial stages of fluoridation, followed then by the formation of SnνF bonds. The structural insight provided by XPS is complementary to that provided by more conventional "bulk’ spectroscopic probes.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A simple method for the evaluation of the average kinetic energy released in a fragmentation producing a Gaussian-type metastable peak (1981)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 16 (1981), S. 236-236 
    Details
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/oms.1210160509
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cell death suffers a TKO (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    BioEssays 17 (1995), S. 557-559 
    Details
    ISSN: 0265-9247
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The cytokine interferon-γ (IFN-γ), initiates both cell cycle arrest and cell death in certain cell lines. Through a novel strategy of cell transfection with episomal vectors expressing antisense cDNAs, Deiss et al.(1.2) have demonstrated that it is possible to isolate genes that are required for the initiation of cell death by the cytokine IFN-γ. This approach, referred to as TKO, for Technical Knock Out, has identified several genes whose activity appears to be essential for the induction of apoptosis by IFN-γ in HeLa cells. Interestingly, these genes appear to mediate IFN-γ-induced apoptosis in HeLa cells, but their inhibition by antisense does not ameliorate the anti-proliferative effects of IFN-γ in these cells. The clever strategy employed by these authors holds promise for others who wish to isolate genes required for other differentiative processes in cultured cell lines.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bies.950170614
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