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  • Springer  (822)
  • 1995-1999  (525)
  • 1980-1984  (297)
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Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Antarctic marine life under the McMurdo Ice Shelf at White Island: A link between nutrient influx and seal population (1984)
    Springer
    Polar biology 2 (1984), S. 229-231 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2056
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Throughout 1981, the first routine collections of a variety of fish were made under the McMurdo Ice Shelf near White Island, Antarctica. Estimates of their local biomass were calculated using food consumption patterns of resident seals. Since no significant primary production occurs at White Island, the resident fauna must be maintained by a large nutrient influx from the Ross Sea.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00263629
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A field trial using Artificial Neural Networks to predict psychiatric in-patient Length-of-stay (1997)
    Springer
    Neural computing & applications 5 (1997), S. 184-193 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-3058
    Keywords: Neural networks ; Length-of-stay ; Psychiatry ; Resource utilization ; Back propagation ; Field study
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract Demands for health care reform will increase service utilization, much of which will fall on a system of expanded primary care providers, many of whom will not be specialists in psychiatry. These providers will need tools to augment their decision-making process. In this paper, we explore the use of Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) in three different field sites to predict inpatient psychiatric Length-Of-Stay (LOS). This study describes the development and implementation of a runtime system in three different psychiatric facilities. Data was collected at these respective sites using the runtime system, and then this data was used to retrain the networks to determine if site-specific data would improve accuracy of prediction of LOS. The results indicate that ANNs trained with state hospital data could accurately predict LOS in two different community hospital psychiatric units. When the respective ANNs were retrained with approximately 10% new data from these specific hospitals, rates of improvement ranged from 3% to 15%. Our findings demonstrate that an ANN can adapt to different treatment settings and, when retrained, significantly improve prediction of LOS. Prediction rates by the ANN after retraining are comparable to results of a clinical team.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01413862
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  • 3
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    Antarctic marine life under the McMurdo Ice Shelf at White Island: A link between nutrient influx and seal population (1984)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-02-01
    Print ISSN: 0722-4060
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-2056
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Springer
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    PAPER CURRENT
  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Darwinian evolution by self-propagating species under fractional order kinetics (1996)
    Springer
    Bulletin of mathematical biology 58 (1996), S. 99-101 
    Details
    ISSN: 1522-9602
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract As in Darwinian evolution, population fitness increases among replicating molecules whose propagation rate coefficients form a normal (symmetric) distribution, even when replication kinetics are fractional order.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02458283
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A theory of evolution that includes prebiotic self-organization and episodic species formation (1996)
    Springer
    Bulletin of mathematical biology 58 (1996), S. 65-97 
    Details
    ISSN: 1522-9602
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract A theory has been proposed that encompasses pre-replication changes in RNA synthesis and non-gradual variant formation, in addition to competitive replication. Using a fundamental theorem of natural selection and maximum principle scaled to nucleotide condensation, evolutionin vitro was demonstrated to maximally damp both kinetic and thermodynamic forces driving this reaction, from its pre-replication stage. This led to the finding that evolution follows a path of least action. These principles form the framework for a general theory of evolution, whose scope extends beyond evolution modeled by synthesis of non-interacting RNA molecules. It applies, in particular, to standard processes, such as competitive crystallization. In calculations simulatingde novo formation of self-replicating RNA molecules in the Qβ replicase system, spontaneous changes in strand secondary structure promoted the transition from random copolymerization to template-directed polymerization. This finding indicates selection preceded genome self-propagation. Non-gradual species formation was attributed to the presence of heterogeneous thermodynamic forces. Growth unconstrained by competition follows mutation to a variant able to utilize a free energy source alien to its progenitors. Evolution in a heterogeneous system can, therefore, exhibit discontinuous rates of species formation and spawn new species populations. Natural selection among competing self-propagators thus gives way to a principle of wider scope stating that evolution optimally damps the physicochemical forces causing change within an evolving system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02458282
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quantitative sampling of indoor air biomass by signature lipid biomarker analysis (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of industrial microbiology and biotechnology 22 (1999), S. 80-87 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Keywords: Keywords: airborne bacteria; phospholipid fatty acids; human health
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Exposure to airborne biocontaminants may result in a multitude of health effects and is related to a pronounced increase in adult-onset asthma. Established culture-based procedures for quantifying microbial biomass from airborne environments have severe limitations. Assay of the phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) components of airborne microorganisms provides a quantitative method to define biomass, community composition and nutritional/physiological activity of the microbial community. By collecting airborne particulate matter from a high volume via filtration, we collected sufficient biomass for quantitative PLFA analysis. Comparing high (filtration) and low (impaction) volume air sampling techniques at 26 locations within the Eastern United States, we determined that PLFA analysis provided a viable alternative to the established but flawed culture-based techniques for measuring airborne microbial biomass and community composition. Compared to the PLFA analysis, the culture techniques underestimated the actual viable airborne biomass present by between one to three orders of magnitude. A case study of a manufacturing plant at which there had been complaints regarding the indoor air quality is presented. Phospholipid fatty acid characterization of the biomass enabled contamination point source determination. In comparison with samples taken outdoors, increases in the relative proportion of trans PLFA, reflecting shifts in the physiological status of viable airborne Gram-negative bacteria, were detected in the indoor air samples at a majority of sampling sites.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.jim.2900609
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A chemically-defined medium supporting growth and providing cells converting compactin to pravastatin (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of industrial microbiology and biotechnology 22 (1999), S. 78-79 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Keywords: Keywords: Actinomadura; pravastatin; compactin; nutrition; vitamins
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Actinomadura sp strain 2966, which converts compactin to pravastatin, requires vitamins to support its growth. Addition of folic acid, thiamine and cyanocobalamine allowed growth in chemically-defined medium. Cells grown in a chemically-defined medium were as capable of converting compactin to pravastatin as cells grown in a complex medium.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.jim.2900602
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A note on some computationally difficult set covering problems (1980)
    Springer
    Mathematical programming 18 (1980), S. 138-145 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-4646
    Keywords: Set-covering Problem ; Branch and Bound ; Lower Bounds ; Steiner Triple Systems
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract Fulkerson et al. have given two examples of set covering problems that are empirically difficult to solve. They arise from Steiner triple systems and the larger problem, which has a constraint matrix of size 330 × 45 has only recently been solved. In this note, we show that the Steiner triple systems do indeed give rise to a series of problems that are probably hard to solve by implicit enumeration. The main result is that for ann variable problem, branch and bound algorithms using a linear programming relaxation, and/or elimination by dominance require the examination of a super-polynomial number of partial solutions
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01588309
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Aminolaevulinic Acid-induced Photodynamic Therapy in the Treatment of Dysplastic Barrett's Oesophagus and Adenocarcinoma (1999)
    Springer
    Lasers in medical science 14 (1999), S. 278-285 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-604X
    Keywords: Keywords: Adenocarcinoma; Aminolaevulinic acid; Barrett's oesophagus; Dysplasia; Photodynamic therapy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Physics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract . Photodynamic therapy (PDT) may have a role in the prevention of oesophageal cancer. Ten patients with Barrett's oesophagus, three with low-grade dysplasia (LGD), four with high-grade dysplasia (HGD), one with carcinoma in situ and two with invasive carcinoma, were treated with PDT. All received 30 mg/kg aminolaevulinic acid (ALA) followed 4 h later by laser endoscopy. Half were treated with red light (630 nm; 100 mW/cm2 for 1000 s) and half with green light (514 nm; 100 mW/cm2 for 500 s). Columnar epithelial regression was seen in all patients with dysplasia (mean area decrease 44%; range 10–100%), with apparent elimination of dysplasia in all cases. In patients with in situ or invasive carcinoma, no response was seen. ALA-induced PDT, using either red or green light, produces effective ablation of dysplastic Barrett's oesophagus, hence may have a role in the prevention of oesophageal carcinoma, but has little effect on in situ or invasive adenocarcinoma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s101030050095
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    CP N−1 models beyond the leading order (1980)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 5 (1980), S. 299-308 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-6052
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We analyse the CP N−1 models in two and three dimensions. We discuss the effective potential, Greens functions and β functions to leading order. To non-leading order we formally evaluate and renormalise the effective potential. In three dimensions we also calculate the β function to $$0\left( {\frac{1}{N}} \right)$$ . We show that it has a non-trivial fixed point which corresponds to a phase transition. This phenomenon persists beyond the leading order. The vacuum states are also unchanged by the nonleading order corrections.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01557816
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