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  • Springer  (222)
  • Springer Nature  (70)
  • 1995-1999  (241)
  • 1980-1984  (51)
  • 1
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    Mutations in the skeletal muscle α-actin gene in patients with actin myopathy and nemaline myopathy (1999)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-10-01
    Print ISSN: 1061-4036
    Electronic ISSN: 1546-1718
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by Springer Nature
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    PAPER CURRENT
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Turn-taking as a design principle for barge-in in Spoken Language Systems (1997)
    Springer
    International journal of speech technology 2 (1997), S. 155-164 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8110
    Keywords: spoken language systems ; automatic speech recognition ; barge-in ; telephone interface ; user interface design
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Linguistics and Literary Studies , Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract It is widely acknowledged that users of Spoken Language Systems (SLS) want the ability to truncate system prompts by using a barge-in capability (e.g., Basson et al., 1995; Yankelovich et al., 1995). However, little has been published on how barge-in is used or if it adversely affects Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) and the interface usability. Typically, user requests for barge-in are assumed to be based on the desire to make system interactions faster and therefore more similar to interactions with touch-tone systems. We believe that requests for a barge-in capability are rooted in the notion of discourse as a turn-taking event. Viewed in this way, we believe SLS can be enhanced to develop speech interfaces that are deemed more natural by users, as well as to increase system performance. This study addressed several issues. We found that users new to the system did not need to be informed about the barge-in capability before they attempted barge-in, that they used barge-in during almost half of their interactions with the system, and that they had identifiable patterns of barge-in use consistent with the turn-taking model. Results are presented and consequences for speech interface design as well as algorithm enhancement are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02208827
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Neural network models: Foundations and applications to an audit decision problem (1997)
    Springer
    Annals of operations research 75 (1997), S. 291-301 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9338
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Notes: Abstract We investigate the possibility of applying artificial intelligence to solve an audit decision problem faced by the public sector (namely, the tax auditor of the Internal Revenue Services) when targeting firms for further investigation. We propose that the neural network will overcome problems faced by a direct knowledge acquisition method in building an expert system to preserve the expertise of senior auditors of the IRS in Taiwan. An explanation of the neural network theory is provided with regard to multi- and single-layered neural networks. Statistics reveal that the neural network performs favorably, and that three-layer networks perform better than two-layer neural networks. The results strongly suggest that neural networks can be used to identify firms requiring further auditing investigation, and also suggest future implications for intelligent auditing machines.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018915714606
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Games of Chains and Cutsets in the Boolean Lattice (1997)
    Springer
    Order 14 (1997), S. 321-325 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9273
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract B. Bajnok and S. Shahriari proved that in 2[n], the Boolean lattice of order n, the width (the maximum size of an antichain) of a non-trivial cutset (a collection of subsets that meets every maximal chain and does not contain ∅ or [n]) is at least n-1. We prove that, for n≥5, in the Boolean lattice of order n, given ⌈ $$\frac{n}{2}$$ ⌉ -1 disjoint long chains, we can enlarge the collection to a cutset of width n-1. However, there exists a collection of ⌈ $$\frac{n}{2}$$ ⌉ long chains that cannot be so extended.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006038020498
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrasonic signals in the defense and courtship ofEuchaetes egle Drury andE. bolteri Stretch (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae) (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of insect behavior 9 (1996), S. 909-919 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8889
    Keywords: acoustic communication ; Arctiidae ; courtship behavior ; ultrasound
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Euchaetes egle Drury andE. bolteri Stretch produce ultrasound using paired thoracic tymbal organs in both defensive and sexual contexts. The defensive ultrasound produced in response to tactile stimulation is fully characterized. The sounds are sexually monomorphic and species specific in the number of sound pulses produced during each flexion and relaxation of the tymbal, peak frequency, peak intensity, and duration of the interval between flexion and relaxation. Ultrasonic signals play a role in the courtship of both species. Males produce ultrasound just prior to contact with females, and it is shown to be important to courtship success inE. egle. Ultrasonic courtship communication is mapped on a recently proposed cladogram for the family Arctiidae. The use of ultrasound in courtship has evolved on at least three occasions within the family.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02208978
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molecular Dynamics Simulations of L-Lactate Dehydrogenase: Conformation of a Mobile Loop and Influence of the Tetrameric Protein Environment (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular modeling 5 (1999), S. 153-168 
    Details
    ISSN: 0948-5023
    Keywords: Keywords L-lactate dehydrogenase ; Molecular dynamics ; Loop ; Hydrogen bond ; Protein electrostatics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract L-lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) catalyses the interconversion of pyruvate and L-lactate in the presence of the coenzyme NADH. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations have been performed for LDH complexed with NADH and the pyruvate-analogue inhibitor oxamate with the aim of characterising important influences on maintaining the geometry and hydrogen bond network of the active site. Two features in particular were found to dominate. First, the tetrameric protein environment is found to play a significant role in maintaining the active-site geometry. Simulations of the monomer alone reproduce the crystallographic structure poorly, and at least part of the neighboring subunit is necessary to prevent water penetration into the active site and to provide rigidity to the α1G-α2G helix immediately adjacent to the active site. These results offer one explanation for the observation that the monomer is not biologically active. Second, the conformation of Arg109 (part of the mobile loop which closes over the active site) is shown to play a key role in maintaining the active-site geometry. In some simulations, a torsional rotation in the side chain of Arg109 results in the breaking of crystallographic hydrogen bonds which are important for polarising the carbonyl bond of the substrate. This conformational change appears to be a trigger for the opening of the mobile loop. Long-range nonbonded interactions are found to be influential in maintaining the proper crystallographic conformation of Arg109. Thus, we conclude that to adequately model LDH, at least part of the neighboring subunit must be included in the MD simulations and nonbonded interactions must be properly represented to ensure that Arg109 remains in the crystallographic conformation. Out of a set of simulation protocols tested here, one meets both these criteria and will be used for the generation of starting structures for future reaction-mechanism calculations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s008940050115
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Computer-assisted techniques to enhance transformative learning in first-year literature courses (1996)
    Springer
    Computers and the humanities 30 (1996), S. 157-164 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8412
    Keywords: computer-assisted instruction ; transformative learning ; Jack Mezirow ; microsoft word applications ; Daedalus Interactive Writing Environment ; freelance graphics presentations ; collaborative learning ; community college teaching ; teaching literature in a computer-assisted environment
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Media Resources and Communication Sciences, Journalism
    Notes: Abstract When students use computers as learning tools, the whole process of learning, and, indeed, the learners themselves, are transformed. This article illustrates some techniques that foster transformative learning in computer-assisted first-year literature classes: first, a lesson plan on “A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning” that uses Microsoft Word functions, including format painter, tables, and annotation to explore meaning in context; second, a plan for learners to use subconference options in the Daedalus Interactive Writing Environment to analyze Oedipus Rex; finally, a demonstration of how students engage in a meta-reflection process as they explore “Barn Burning” with Freelance Graphics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00419792
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Selective effect on peripheral nerves after subchronic administration of acrylamide (1981)
    Springer
    Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology 27 (1981), S. 888-893 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0800
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01611113
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mhc Allelic Diversity and Modern Human Origins (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 45 (1997), S. 589-598 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: Key words: Major histocompatibility complex (Mhc) — HLA — Human evolution — Phylogenetics — Coalescence — Genetic diversity — Selection
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract. Thirty complete coding sequences of human major histocompatibility complex (Mhc) class II DRB alleles, spanning 237 codons, were analyzed for phylogenetic information using distance, parsimony, and likelihood approaches. Allelic genealogies derived from different parts of the coding sequence (exon 2, the 5′ and 3′ ends of exon 2, respectively, and exons 3–6) were compared. Contrary to prior assertions, a rigorous analysis of allelic genealogies in this gene family cannot be used to justify the claim that the lineage leading to modern humans contained on average at least 100,000 individuals. Phylogenetic inferences based upon the exon 2 region of the DRB loci are complicated by selection and recombination, so this part of the gene does not provide a complete and accurate view of allelic relationships. Attempts to reconstruct human history from genetic data must use realistic models which consider the complicating factors of nonequilibrium populations, recombination, and different patterns of selection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00006263
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of an inducible nitrilase from a thermophilic bacillus (1999)
    Springer
    Extremophiles 3 (1999), S. 283-291 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-4909
    Keywords: Key words Benzonitrile ; Nitrile ; Nitrilase ; Thermophilic ; Thermostable
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Nitrilase activity was induced in the thermophilic bacterium Bacillus pallidus strain Dac521 by growth on benzonitrile-supplemented minimal medium. The enzyme had a subunit relative molecular mass of 41 kDa but was purified as a complex with a putative GroEL protein (total M r, 600 kDa). The enzyme catalyzed the hydrolysis of aliphatic, aromatic, and heterocyclic nitriles with widely varying k cat/K M values, primarily the result of differences in substrate affinity. Of the nitriles tested, 4-cyanopyridine was hydrolyzed at the fastest rate. Substitution of benzonitrile at the meta or para position either had no effect on catalytic rate or enhanced k cat, while ortho-substitution was strongly inhibitory, probably because of steric hindrance. The effect of catalytic inhibitors was consistent with the presence of active site thiol residues although activity was little affected by putative thiol reagents such as iodoacetate, iodoacetamide, and N-methylmaleimide. Enzymatic activity was constant between pH 6 and 9 with an optimum at pH 7.6. The optimal temperature for activity was 65°C with rapid activity loss at higher temperatures. The purified nitrilase-GroEL complex had the following half-lives of activity: 8.4 h at 50°C, 2.5 h at 60°C, 13 min at 70°C, and less than 3 min at 80°C.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s007920050129
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