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  • Springer  (31)
  • Elsevier  (22)
  • National Academy of Sciences  (5)
  • EMBO Press  (3)
  • Blackwell Publishing Ltd  (2)
  • 1995-1999  (41)
  • 1980-1984  (22)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Sedimentology 42 (1995), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-3091
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: The carbonate platforms of the Wetterstein Formation of the Eastern Alps (Drau Range and Northern Calcareous Alps) show a distinct facies zonation of reefs and lagoons. While some lagoonal areas were episodically emerged and formed lagoonal islands, others remained permanently flooded. The scale of near surface, meteoric or marine diagenesis was related to this lagoonal topography. At shallow burial depth, cementation was dominated by altered marine solutions, which additionally caused recrystallization of metastable constituents of the sediment and earlier marine cements (high magnesian calcite, aragonite) connected with a carbon and oxygen isotopic change to more negative values.Deeper burial cementation shows a succession with two types of saddle dolomite and three types of blocky calcite. Carbon and oxygen isotopic values of these cements show a trend towards more negative values from the first to the last generation, in the following succession: clear saddle dolomite—zoned blocky calcite—cloudy saddle dolomite—post-corrosion blocky calcite—replacive blocky calcite. Fluid inclusion studies of the carbonate cements are interpreted to indicate a deeper burial temperature development that first increases from 175 to 317°C, followed by a temperature decrease to 163–260°C, and subsequent increase up to 316°C, whereby the samples of the Drau Range always show the lowest values. Calculations of the isotopic composition of the water, from which the carbonate cements were precipitated, yielded positive δ18O values from 6.66 to 17.81%o (SMOW), which are characteristic for formation and/or metamorphic waters. Also, the isotopic compositions of the palaeofluids probably changed during deeper burial diagenesis, following the temperature development.
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Sulfur (S) cycling in a chestnut oak forest on Walker Branch Watershed, Tennessee, was dominated by geochemical processes involving sulfate. Even though available SO 4 2- was present far in excess of forest nutritional requirements, the ecosystem as a whole accumulated ∼60% of incoming SO4−S. Most (90%) of this accumulation occurred by SO 4 2- adsorption in sesquioxide-rich subsurface soils, with a relatively minor amount accumulating and cycling as SO 4 2- within vegetative components. Organic sulfates are thought to constitute a large proportion of total S in surface soils, also, and to provide a pool of readily mineralized available S within the ecosystem.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: PACS: 7:65; 33:00; 42.60; 42.65; 42.80
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: 3 (PPLN) is reported. Minimum detectable concentration of 30 ppb was achieved with a compact, portable room-temperature gas sensor configured for formaldehyde (H2CO) detection. This sensitivity, coupled with high selectivity and long term stability, is sufficient for various environmental applications.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: PACS: 07.88.+y; 42.62.Fi; 42.65.-k
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: 3 for on-line absorption measurements of H2CO, CH4, and H2O near 3.5 μm is reported. Formaldehyde levels of 30 ppb, corresponding to absorptions of 2×10-4 have been measured using absorption spectroscopy. In this paper we report specifically the performance of this sensor as part of the 1997 Lunar–Mars Life Support Test program at the NASA Johnson Space Center.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: PACS: 7.65; 42.60B; 42.80
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: 3 (PPLN) crystal pumped by two single-frequency diode lasers. A maximum DFG power of 1.6 μW at 3.6 μm was generated with a pump power of 61.4 mW at 832 nm and a signal power of 41.5 mW at 1083 nm incident on a 19-mm-long PPLN crystal, which corresponds to a conversion efficiency of 335 μW W-2 cm-1.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Applied physics 69 (1999), S. 459-465 
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: PACS: 42.62 Fi; 33.20 Ea; 42.60 By
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract. Tunable narrowband mid-infrared radiation from 3.25 to 4.4 μm is generated by a compact fiber-coupled, difference-frequency-based spectrosopic source. A 20-mW external cavity diode laser (with a tuning range from 814 to 870 nm) and a 50-mW distributed-Bragg-reflector diode-laser-seeded ytterbium-doped fiber amplifier operating at 1083 nm are difference-frequency mixed in a multi-grating, temperature-controlled periodically poled LiNbO3 crystal. A conversion efficiency of 0.44 mW/(W2 cm) (corresponding to a power of ≈3 μW at 3.3 μm) represents the highest conversion efficiency reported for a portable device. Performance characteristics of such a sensor and its application to spectroscopic detection of CO2, N2O, H2CO, HCl, NO2, and CH4 will be reported in this work.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1437-3262
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract Based on many new fossil discoveries mainly conodonts and ostracodes an attempt has been made to determine the stratigraphic range of the high pressure/low temperature metamorphic Phyllite Group in West Crete (Greece). The numerous conodont findings indicate — in spite of strong supply of clastic material — a fully marine environment from the Upper Carboniferous up to the end of the Lower Triassic. The prevailing part of the Middle Triassic cannot yet covered by fossils. The upper Triassic shows in the lower (invers) part of the Phyllite Group a shallow water facies with ostracodes, bivalves and at the Triassic/Lias boundary a saliniferous facies, however in the upper (in original position lying) part a conodonts-foraminiferes bearing littoral facies. The present biostratigraphic data point out that the lower part of the Phyllite Group lies in inverted order and the upper part in original position. Thus the Phyllite Group on the whole seems (in West Crete) to form a huge recumbent isoclinal fold analogous to the isoclinal folding on a smaller scale as frequently exposed. The carbonate Trypali Group can be interpreted as either the recumbent limb of this fold structure or as part of the underlying Talea Ori Group. The Trypali Group seems not to be a particular unit. For the reconstruction of the paleogeographic and geodynamic evolution of the South Aegean region the following evidence may be important: 1. the marine sedimentation in the Upper Palaeozoic and the Lower Triassic, especially the marine Upper Permian (Dorashamian), an isolated occurrence 2000 km away from comparable sediments further east and 2. the obvious termination of deposition at the Triassic/Lias boundary. A future interpretation of these results may be the key to a better understanding of the geodynamic process which led to the high pressure/low temperature metamorphism of the Phyllite Group.
    Abstract: Résumé De nouvelles et nombreuses découvertes de fossiles — surtout de conodontes et ostracodes — dans le groupe des phyllades à métamorphisme HP/BT de la Crète occidentale permettend de définir l'ampleur stratigraphique de cette série sédimentaire et de donner des indications sur leur développement paléogéographique et tectonique. Pour la période s'étendant du Carbonifère supérieur à la fin du Trias inférieur, il faut admettre sur la base de nombreuses faunes de conodontes — mis à part quelques interruptions — des conditions pleinement marines. La majeure partie du Trias moyen n'a pu jusqu'à présent être certifié par des fossiles. Le Trias supérieur montre dans la partie inférieure de l'entité phyllitique un facies d'eau peu profonde riche en ostracodes et en bivalves, ainsi qu' un facies lagunaire à la limite Trias/Lias, et, dans le partie supérieure, un facies littoral à conodontes et foraminifères. Ces données biostratigraphiques montrent pour la partie inférieure de l'entité phyllitique une disposition renversée, et pour sa partie supérieure une disposition normale. Parl' analogie avec le plissement isoclinal du groupe des phyllades là où il affleure, on admet que l'entité phyllitique dans son ensemble constitue un grand pli couché isoclinal. Il en résulte que le groupe carbonaté de Trypali représente soit une fraction du flanc renversé de cette grande structure isoclinale, soit une fraction du groupe de Talea-Ori. Mais il ne représente certainement pas une entité proprement dite. Pour les reconstructions paléogéographiques et géodynamiques deux résultats avant tout sont intéressants: 1. la sédimentation marine du Paléozoïque supérieur et du Trias inférieur, en particulier le Permien supérieur marin (Dorashamien), une occurrence isolée, (les mêmes couches avec des faunes comparables ont d'abord été trouvées 2000 km. plus à l'Est près de Dzhulfa), et 2. - l'interruption de la sédimentation dans le groupe des phyllades à la fin du Trias supérieur. Ces nouveaux résultats sont également une contribution à la question du processus géodynamique qui a produit le métamorphisme HP/BT du groupe des phyllades.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Eine große Zahl neuer Fossilfunde — vor allem Conodonten und Ostrakoden — in der Hochdruck/Tieftemperatur metamorphen Phyllit-Gruppe Westkretas geben Auskunft über den stratigraphischen Umfang dieser Schichtenfolge und Hinweise auf ihre paläogeographische und tektonische Entwicklung. Für den Zeitraum vom Oberkarbon bis zum Ende der Untertrias müssen — mit einigen Unterbrechungen — aufgrund der zahlreichen Conodontenfunde vollmarine Bedingungen in diesem Sedimentationsraum angenommen werden. Der überwiegende Teil der Mitteltrias konnte bisher nicht durch Fossilien nachgewiesen werden. Die höhere Trias zeigt im unteren Abschnitt der Phyllit-Einheit eine Ostrakoden- und Bivalven-reiche Flachwasserfazies sowie an der Grenze Trias/Lias eine Salinarfazies, im oberen Abschnitt eine Conodonten- und Foraminiferen-führende Litoralfazies. Für den unteren Teil der Phyllit-Einheit zeigen die vorliegenden biostratigraphischen Daten eine inverse, für den oberen Teil eine normale Lagerung an. In Analogie zur isoklinalen Verfaltung der Phyllit-Gruppe im Aufschlußbereich wird angenommen, daß die Phyllit-Einheit als Ganzes eine große liegende Isoklinalfalte ist. Dabei kann die karbonatische Trypali-Gruppe entweder als Teil des überkippten Schenkels dieser Großisoklinalstruktur oder als Teil der Talea Ori-Gruppe gedeutet werden. Eine eigenständige Einheit ist sie aber wohl nicht. Für paläogeographische und geodynamische Rekonstruktionen sind vor allem zwei Befunde wichtig: 1. die marine Sedimentation im Jungpaläozoikum und der Untertrias, insbesondere das marine Oberperm (Dorashamian), ein isoliertes Vorkommen (gleiche Schichten mit vergleichbaren Faunen sind erst 2000 km weiter östlich bei Dzhulfa gefunden worden) und 2. das Abbrechen der Sedimentation in der Phyllit-Gruppe am Ende der Obertrias. Die neuen Befunde sind auch ein Beitrag zur Beantwortung der Frage nach dem geodynamischen Prozeß, der zur Hochdruck/Tieftemperatur-Metamorphose der Phyllit-Gruppe geführt hat.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1572-9834
    Keywords: bottomland hardwoods ; ectomycorrhizae (EM) ; endomycorrhizae ; mycorrhizae ; vesiculararbuscular mycorrhizae (VAM)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Mycorrhizae are important in the functioning of forest ecosystems worldwide, and play a critical role in water uptake, nutrient acquisition, and prevention of feeder root disease. The majority of mycorrhizal research has been conducted on upland sites, especially in coniferous ecosystems and in commercial agricultural production. However, the maintenance and restoration of bottomland hardwood (BLH) forest ecosystems in the southern United States is of increasing concern. Both ectomycorrhizae and endomycorrhizae are present in BLH forests, although the dominance of one or the other type depends primarily on both the tree species and the hydrologic regime. Ectomycorrhizae tend to be more sensitive to flooding, while endomycorrhizal infection can be present even in permanently flooded soils. The mycorrhizae of sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua), green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica), and the oaks (Quercus spp.) have been studied most due to their economic importance. Considerable work is still needed to better understand mycorrhizal relationships in BLH ecosystems and associated trees, both with respect to infectivity and nutrient cycling. Such information may be necessary for restoration of BLH forests on old agricultural fields, or to maintain the productivity of BLH forests after harvest. This paper summarizes studies on mycorrhizae relationships in BLH forests and suggests future work necessary for understanding the role mycorrhizae can have in managing these ecosystems.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 273 (1995), S. 413-420 
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Polymers ; glass transition ; neutron scattering ; polystyrene
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Atactic polystyrene, both side group and main chain deuterated, was investigated by inelastic neutron scattering in a wide temperature range around the glass transition from 2 to 450 K. In the glass the Boson peak position is only very weakly influenced by the deuteration of the phenyl group. In the neighborhood of the glass transition temperatureT g we find a fast relaxation process similar to other glasses. The onset of the fast relaxation in polystyrene, however, is observed already at temperaturesT g — 200 K. Results from partially deuterated polystyrene suggest a change of the phenyl ring dynamics already far belowT g.
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