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  • Chemistry  (19)
  • AEROSPACE MEDICINE  (3)
  • ASTROPHYSICS  (3)
  • 1995-1999  (7)
  • 1980-1984  (14)
  • 1925-1929  (3)
  • 1900-1904  (1)
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Year
  • 1
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    Effects of water immersion on plasma catecholamines in normal humans (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: An investigation was conducted in order to determine whether water immersion to the neck (NI) alters plasma catecholamines in normal humans. Eight normal subjects were studied during a seated control study (C) and during 4 hr of NI, and the levels of norepinephrine (NE) and epinephrine (E) as determined by radioenzymatic assay were measured hourly. Results show that despite the induction of a marked natriuresis and diuresis indicating significant central hypervolemia, NI failed to alter plasma NE or E levels compared with those of either C or the corresponding prestudy 1.5 hr. In addition, the diuresis and natriuresis was found to vary independently of NE. These results indicate that the response of the sympathetic nervous system to acute volume alteration may differ from the reported response to chronic volume expansion.
    Keywords: AEROSPACE MEDICINE
    Type: Journal of Applied Physiology: Respiratory, Environmental and Exercise Physiology (ISSN 0161-7567); 54; Jan. 198
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 2
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    Characterization of renal response to prolonged immersion in normal man (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: ?jDuring the initial phase of space flight, there is a translocation of fluid from the lower parts of the body to the central vascular compartment with a resultant natriuresis, diuresis, and weight loss. Because water immersion is regarded as an appropriate model for studying the redistribution of fluid that occurs in weightlessness, an immersion study of relatively prolonged duration was carried out in order to characterize the temporal profile of the renal adaptation to central hypervolemia. Twelve normal male subjects underwent an immersion study of 8-h duration in the sodium-replete state. Immersion resulted in marked natriuresis and diuresis which were sustained throughout the immersion period. The failure of that natriuresis and diuresis of immersion to abate or cease despite marked extracellular fluid volume contraction as evidenced by a mean weight loss of -2.2 + or - 0.3 kg suggests that central blood volume was not restored to normal and that some degree of central hypervolemia probably persisted.
    Keywords: AEROSPACE MEDICINE
    Type: Journal of Applied Physiology: Respiratory; vol. 49
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 3
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    Effects of vasopressin administration on diuresis of water immersion in normal humans (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The influence of vasopressin suppression on the diuresis encountered during water immersion is investigated in studies on normal humans immersed to the neck. Six hydrated male subjects were studied on two occasions while undergoing 6 h of immersion without or during the administration of aqueous vasopressin for the initial 4 h. Neck immersion is found to result in a significant increase in urinary flow rate beginning in the first hour and persisting throughout the immersion. The administration of vasopressin markedly attenuated the diuretic response throughout the period of infusion, while cessation of vasopressin administration during the final 2 h of immersion resulted in a marked offset of the antidiuresis. Results thus support the view that the suppression of antidiuretic hormone contributes to the immersion diuresis of hydrated subjects.
    Keywords: AEROSPACE MEDICINE
    Type: Journal of Applied Physiology: Respiratory; vol. 51
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 4
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    Neutron star envelopes (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: It is pointed out that the separate study of neutron star envelopes is a valuable technique for gaining insights into neutron star cooling calculations. It is shown that, to an excellent approximation, the temperature at the inner boundary of the envelope, T sub b, is a function only of T sub s to the 4th power over g sub s, where T sub s is the effective temperature and g sub s is the surface gravity. This result makes it possible to investigate very simply the effects of general relativity and of opacity changes on the T sub b - T sub s relation and to compare calculations by different workers, even though they use different neutron star models. It is also shown that the most important opacity source for obtaining a reliable T sub b - T sub s relation is the conductive opacity of matter when the ions are liquid. Calculations are presented in which particular attention is given to this region and the best available opacities are used.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; vol. 259
    Format: text
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  • 5
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    Structure of neutron star envelopes (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The envelopes of nonmagnetic neutron stars are studied using the best available opacities and equation of state. The general relativistic equations of the structure and evolution of nonmagnetic neutron stars are discussed, and it is shown that they can be reduced to a single equation for calculating the thermal structure of neutron star envelopes. The physical input needed to solve the thermal structure equation is investigated and the numerical results of envelope model calculations are presented. It is shown that the thermal structure of neutron star envelopes is determined by the single parameter T(s) to the 4th/g(s), where T(s) is the effective surface temperature and g(s) the surface gravity of the star. This result is used to derive a number of other scaling relations, and the effects of general relativity on the envelope thermal structure are examined in detail. The results of a sensitivity analysis of the regional opacity needed to obtain a reliable relationship between the temperatures of the inner and outer boundaries of the envelope is presented.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astrophysical Journal, Part 1 (ISSN 0004-637X); 272; Sept. 1
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 6
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    Sensitivity of model calculations to uncertain inputs, with an application to neutron star envelopes (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: A method is given for determining the sensitivity of certain types of calculations to the uncertainties in the input physics or model parameters; this method is applicable to problems that involve solutions to coupled, ordinary differential equations. In particular the sensitivity of calculations of the thermal structure of neutron star envelopes to uncertainties in the opacity and equation of state is examined. It is found that the uncertainties in the relationship between the surface and interior temperatures of a neutron star are due almost entirely to the imprecision in the values of the conductive opacity in the region where the ions form a liquid; here the conductive opacity is, for the most part, due to the scattering of electrons from ions.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Royal Astronomical Society, Monthly Notices (ISSN 0035-8711); 204; Aug. 198
    Format: text
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies on the chemical syntheses and on the characteristics of polyaniline derivatives (1995)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 33 (1995), S. 1227-1234 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: polyanilines ; derivatives ; chemical synthesis ; oxidation state ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Syntheses of parent polyaniline and methyl, methoxy, and ethoxy ortho-substituted polyanilines were performed using the conventional chemical methodology and monitored using the new open-circuit-potential (Voc) profile technique. The intermediate pernigraniline oxidation state was identified and isolated at the Voc maximum (A) during the conventional chemical synthesis of poly(o-methoxyaniline) in the emeraldine oxidation state. The introduction of the substituent on the aniline ring leads to longer polymerization times and lower Voc values. Syntheses in the presence of two different monomers in solution were also investigated and showed preferential polymerization of the monomer with the lowest Voc potential. All polymers produced were characterized by elemental analysis, gel permeation chromatography, UV-VIS spectroscopy, and cyclic voltammetry. The influence of the substituent on the Voc profile and on the polymer characteristics are rationalized in terms of steric and electronic effects. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1995.080330805
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Geschwindigkeit der chemischen Selbsterhitzung. (Adiabatische Reaktionskinetik) (1904)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 42 (1904), S. 341-352 
    Details
    ISSN: 0863-1778
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19040420124
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies of the effect of fiber surface and matrix rheological properties on nonwoven reinforced elastomer composites (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 57 (1995), S. 751-765 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The influence of fiber type and fiber-surface properties on matrix flow behavior was investigated using structural reaction injection-molding (SRIM). The influence of fiber type, fiber-surface properties, and matrix type on strength properties in elastomeric composites reinforced with nonwoven fibrous structures was investigated using tensile tests on elastomer composite samples from SRIM and latex coagulation (LC) fabrication methods and the microbond strength method on individual fibers. The fibers used were PET, LLDPE, and p-aramid. Fibers were treated with epoxy, styrene, and isocyanate derivatives, which make the surface chemically reactive. Treatments were also made with NaOH and a copolymer of polyester and polyol ether, causing a change in the fiber surface energy. The matrix types were polyurethane elastomer and natural rubber. The results show that the surface treatments which produced a change in the surface energy influenced the flow rate of the matrix polymer during the composite fabrication process. The treatments resulted in chemically reactive fiber surfaces which improved the fiber-matrix bond strength without affecting the Young's modulus of the composite material. Good correlation was found between bond strength and surface energy including the dispersive component of surface energy in the case of polyurethane elastomer and surface-modified PET fibers. The age of the polyurethane matrix has a marked influence on the bond strength. The fiber volume fraction in composites has a strong influence on the Young's modulus of the elastomer composite. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1995.070570610
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High modulus semi-crystalline polymers by solid state rolling (1982)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 22 (1982), S. 27-33 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Solid state rolling of semi-crystalline polymers is shown to be an effective method of producing high strength, high modulus tape at acceptable production rates. High density polyethylene tape was produced having a tensile strength exceeding 300 MPa and a tensile modulus of 8.7 GPa at production rates exceeding 8 m/min. A significant factor in producing highly oriented tape by the rolling process is roll temperature. Increasing the roll temperature from 25°C to 125°C not only increases the maximum extent of orientation achievable, but increases the mechanical properties at a given degree of thickness reduction. Internal frictional heat development limited the maximum thickness reduction ratio of polypropylene to 6.6:1. This reduction was reached by rolling at 150°C. The resultant tape had a tensile modulus of 5.1 GPa and a tensile strength of 300 MPa.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760220105
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