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  • EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING  (746)
  • Geophysics  (384)
  • 1995-1999  (391)
  • 1980-1984  (739)
  • 1945-1949
  • 1940-1944
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  • 1
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    Thermal mapping, geothermal source location, natural effluents and plant stress in the Mediterranean coast of Spain (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Although no significant results were achieved during the report period, research continues. A sample of imagery showing thermal inertia and temperature differences over the northeastern United States and Europe was received. The project coordinator attended a TELLUS Project meeting in Ispra, Italy at which general guidelines for the future were established and the quality of the data received was discussed.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: E81-10119 , NASA-CR-164113 , PR-3
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  • 2
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    Backscatter Modeling at 2.1 Micron Wavelength for Space-Based and Airborne Lidars Using Aerosol Physico-Chemical and Lidar Datasets (1999)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-12-03
    Description: Space-based and airborne coherent Doppler lidars designed for measuring global tropospheric wind profiles in cloud-free air rely on backscatter, beta from aerosols acting as passive wind tracers. Aerosol beta distribution in the vertical can vary over as much as 5-6 orders of magnitude. Thus, the design of a wave length-specific, space-borne or airborne lidar must account for the magnitude of 8 in the region or features of interest. The SPAce Readiness Coherent Lidar Experiment under development by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and scheduled for launch on the Space Shuttle in 2001, will demonstrate wind measurements from space using a solid-state 2 micrometer coherent Doppler lidar. Consequently, there is a critical need to understand variability of aerosol beta at 2.1 micrometers, to evaluate signal detection under varying aerosol loading conditions. Although few direct measurements of beta at 2.1 micrometers exist, extensive datasets, including climatologies in widely-separated locations, do exist for other wavelengths based on CO2 and Nd:YAG lidars. Datasets also exist for the associated microphysical and chemical properties. An example of a multi-parametric dataset is that of the NASA GLObal Backscatter Experiment (GLOBE) in 1990 in which aerosol chemistry and size distributions were measured concurrently with multi-wavelength lidar backscatter observations. More recently, continuous-wave (CW) lidar backscatter measurements at mid-infrared wavelengths have been made during the Multicenter Airborne Coherent Atmospheric Wind Sensor (MACAWS) experiment in 1995. Using Lorenz-Mie theory, these datasets have been used to develop a method to convert lidar backscatter to the 2.1 micrometer wavelength. This paper presents comparison of modeled backscatter at wavelengths for which backscatter measurements exist including converted beta (sub 2.1).
    Keywords: Geophysics
    Type: Tenth Biennial Coherent Laser Radar Technology and Applications Conference; 147-150; NASA/CP-1999-209758
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  • 3
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    A translational registration system for LANDSAT image segments (1983)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The use of satellite images obtained from various dates is essential for crop forecast systems. In order to make possible a multitemporal analysis, it is necessary that images belonging to each acquisition have pixel-wise correspondence. A system developed to obtain, register and record image segments from LANDSAT images in computer compatible tapes is described. The translational registration of the segments is performed by correlating image edges in different acquisitions. The system was constructed for the Burroughs B6800 computer in ALGOL language.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: E83-10373 , NASA-CR-172917 , NAS 1.26:172917 , INPE-2785-PRE/351 , Encontro Nacl. de Automatica Soc. Brasil. de Mat.; Jul 06, 1983 - Jul 13, 1983; Belem, Para
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  • 4
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    Intercomparison of Pulsed Lidar Data with Flight Level CW Lidar Data and Modeled Backscatter from Measured Aerosol Microphysics Near Japan and Hawaii (1998)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-15
    Description: Aerosol backscatter coefficient data were examined from two nights near Japan and Hawaii undertaken during NASA's Global Backscatter Experiment (GLOBE) in May-June 1990. During each of these two nights the aircraft traversed different altitudes within a region of the atmosphere defined by the same set of latitude and longitude coordinates. This provided an ideal opportunity to allow flight level focused continuous wave (CW) lidar backscatter measured at 9.11-micron wavelength and modeled aerosol backscatter from two aerosol optical counters to be compared with pulsed lidar aerosol backscatter data at 1.06- and 9.25-micron wavelengths. The best agreement between all sensors was found in the altitude region below 7 km, where backscatter values were moderately high at all three wavelengths. Above this altitude the pulsed lidar backscatter data at 1.06- and 9.25-micron wavelengths were higher than the flight level data obtained from the CW lidar or derived from the optical counters, suggesting sample volume effects were responsible for this. Aerosol microphysics analysis of data near Japan revealed a strong sea-salt aerosol plume extending upward from the marine boundary layer. On the basis of sample volume differences, it was found that large particles were of different composition compared with the small particles for low backscatter conditions.
    Keywords: Geophysics
    Type: Paper-98JD01155 , Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 103; D16; 19,649-19,661
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  • 5
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    Towards quantifying mesoscale flows in the troposphere using Raman lidar and Sondes (1998)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-12-03
    Description: Water vapor plays an important role in the energetics of the boundary layer processes which in turn play a key role in regulating regional and global climate. It plays a primary role in Earth's hydrological cycle, in radiation balance as a direct absorber of infrared radiation, and in atmospheric circulation as a latent heat energy source, as well as in determining cloud development and atmospheric stability. Water vapor concentration, expressed as a mass mixing ratio (g kg(exp -l)), is conserved in all meteorological processes except condensation and evaporation. This property makes it an ideal choice for studying many of the atmosphere's dynamic features. Raman scattering measurements from lidar also allow retrieval of water vapor mixing ratio profiles at high temporal and vertical resolution. Raman lidars sense water vapor to altitudes not achievable with towers and surface systems, sample the atmosphere at much higher temporal resolution than radiosondes or satellites, and do not require strong vertical gradients or turbulent fluctuations in temperature that is required by acoustic sounders and radars. Analysis of highly-resolved water vapor profiles are used here to characterize two important mesoscale flows: thunderstorm outflows and a cold front passage. The data were obtained at the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Site (CART) by the groundbased Department of Energy/Sandia National Laboratories lidar (CART Raman lidar or CARL) and Goddard Space Flight Center Scanning Raman Lidar (SRL). A detailed discussion of the SRL and CARL performance during the IOPs is given by others in this meeting.
    Keywords: Geophysics
    Type: Nineteenth International Laser Radar Conference; 403-406; NASA/CP-1998-207671/PT1
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  • 6
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    Substorm associated ion acceleration in the dynamic magnetotail (1996)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-12-03
    Description: Ion acceleration and flux increase associated with substorm energetic particle injections are investigated on the basis of geosynchronous observations and test proton orbits in the dynamic fields of a three dimensional magnetohydrodynamic simulation of neutral line formation and dipolarization in the magnetotail. The energetic particle flux changes obtained from the test particle orbits agree well with observations that demonstrate rapid ion flux increases at energies of above 20 keV. The injection region inferred from the test particles has a sharp earthward boundary and a sharp ragged tailward boundary. The earthward portion of the enhanced ion flux can be traced to the enhanced cross-tail electric field associated with the near-earth x-type neutral line. Due to the rapid earthward motion of accelerated ions away from the neutral line, this boundary is displaced earthward to where the energetic ions become more adiabatic in the stronger dipolar field.
    Keywords: Geophysics
    Type: ; 243-248
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  • 7
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    Evaluation of corn/soybeans separability using Thematic Mapper and Thematic Mapper Simulator data (1984)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Multitemporal Thematic Mapper, Thematic Mapper Simulator, and detailed ground truth data were collected for a 9- by 11-km sample segment in Webster County, IA, in the summer of 1982. Three dates were acquired each with Thematic Mapper Simulator (June 7, June 23, and July 31) and Thematic Mapper (August 2, September 3, and October 21). The Thematic Mapper Simulator data were converted to equivalent TM count values using TM and TMS calibration data and model based estimates of atmospheric effects. The July 31, TMS image was compared to the August 2, TM image to verify the conversion process. A quantitative measure of proportion estimation variance (Fisher information) was used to evaluate the corn/soybeans separability for each TM band as a function of time during the growing season. The additional bands in the middle infrared allowed corn and soybeans to be separated much earlier than was possible with the visible and near-infrared bands alone. Using the TM and TMS data, temporal profiles of the TM principal components were developed. The greenness and brightness exhibited behavior similar to MSS greenness and brightness for corn and soybeans.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (ISSN 0196-2892); GE-22; 312-318
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  • 8
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    Growth of Lower Stratospheric HCl/Cly Since 1993: Observations from Aircraft (ALIAS), Balloon (MarkIV, FIRS-2), Space Shuttle (ATMOS), and Satellite (HALOE) Measurements (1998)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-06-08
    Description: Measurements of HCl in the lower stratosphere (15-21 km) from aircraft, balloon, Space Shuttle, and satellite reveal a growth in its mean abundance relative to that of total inorganic chlorine (Cly) from HCl/Cly = 57(+/-5)% in early 1993 to 75(+/-7)% by the end of 1997.
    Keywords: Geophysics
    Type: Geophysical Research Letters
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  • 9
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    Shortening and Thickening of Metropolitan Los Angeles Measured and Inferred Using Geodesy (1999)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-06-08
    Description: Geodetic measurements using the Global Positioning System and other techniques show north-south shortening near Los Angeles to be fastest across the northern part of the metropolitan area, where an ESE-striking, 5- to 40-km-wide belt lying to the south of San Gabriel Mountains and to the north of downtown and West Los Angeles is shortening at 5 mm/yr.
    Keywords: Geophysics
    Type: Geology
    Format: text
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  • 10
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    Results of the Australian geodetic VLBI experiment (1983)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: The 250-2500 km baseline vectors between radio telescopes located at Tidbinbilla (DSS43) near Canberra, Parkes, Fleurs (X3) near Sydney, Hobart and Alice Springs were determined from radio interferometric observations of extragalactic sources. The observations were made during two 24-hour sessions on 26 April and 3 May 1982, and one 12-hour night-time session on 28 April 1982. The 275 km Tidbinbilla - Parkes baseline was measured with an accuracy of plus or minus 6 cm. The remaining baselines were measured with accuracies ranging from 15 cm to 6 m. The higher accuracies were achieved for the better instrumented sites of Tidbinbilla, Parkes and Fleurs. The data reduction technique and results of the experiment are discussed.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: The Telecommun. and Data Acquisition Rept.; p 140-146
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