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Digitale Medien

A PLANNING APPROACH TO DECLARER PLAY IN CONTRACT BRIDGE (1996)

Smith, S. J. J. ; Nau, D. S. ; Throop, T. A.

Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd

Computational intelligence 12 (1996), S. 0

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ISSN: 1467-8640

Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Thema: Informatik

Notizen: Although game-tree search works well in perfect-information games, it is less suitable for imperfect-information games such as contract bridge. The lack of knowledge about the opponents’ possible moves gives the game tree a very large branching factor, making it impossible to search a significant portion of this tree in a reasonable amount of time.This paper describes our approach for overcoming this problem. We represent information about bridge in a task network extended to represent multi-agency and uncertainty. Our game-playing procedure uses this task network to generate game trees in which the set of alternative choices is determined not by the set of possible actions, but by the set of available tactical and strategic schemes.We have tested this approach on declarer play in the game of bridge, in an implementation called Tignum 2. On 5000 randomly generated notrump deals, Tignum 2 beat the strongest commercially available program by 1394 to 1302, with 2304 ties. These results are statistically significant at the α= 0.05 level. Tignum 2 searched an average of only 8745.6 moves per deal in an average time of only 27.5 seconds per deal on a Sun SPARCstation 10. Further enhancements to Tignum 2 are currently underway.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8640.1996.tb00255.x

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Digitale Medien

ON MODELING UNCERTAINTY WITH INTERVAL STRUCTURES (1995)

Wong, S. K. M. ; Wang, L. S. ; Yao, Y Y.

Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd

Computational intelligence 11 (1995), S. 0

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ISSN: 1467-8640

Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Thema: Informatik

Notizen: In this paper, we introduce the notion of interval structures in an attempt to establish a unified framework for representing uncertain information. Two views are suggested for the interpretation of an interval structure. A typical example using the compatibility view is the rough set model in which the lower and upper approximations form an interval structure. Incidence calculus adopts the allocation view in which an interval structure is defined by the tightest lower and upper incidence bounds. The relationship between interval structures and interval-based numeric belief and plausibility functions is also examined. As an application of the proposed model, an algorithm is developed for computing the tightest incidence bounds.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8640.1995.tb00041.x

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