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  • ASTRONOMY  (373)
  • INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
  • 1995-1999  (108)
  • 1975-1979  (551)
  • 1
    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: Cassipeia A, the youngest known supernova remnant in the Galaxy and a strong radio and X-ray source, was observed by OSSE 1992 July 16-August 6. Its close distance (approximately 3 kpc) and its young age (approximately 300 yr) make Cas A the best candidate among known supernova remnants for detecting Ti-44 gamma-ray lines. We find no evidence of emission at 67.9 keV, 78.4 keV, or 1.157 MeV, the three strongest Ti-44 decay lines. From simultaneous fits to the three lines our 99% confidence upper limit to the flux in each line is 5.5 x 10(exp -5) gamma/sq cm s. We also report upper limits for the 4.44 MeV C-12 nuclear de-excitation line, which could be produced by interactions of acclerated particles in the supernova remnant, and for the hard X-ray continuum.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: Astrophysical Journal, Part 1 (ISSN 0004-637X); 444; 1; p. 244-250
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Spectral observations of the central region of the Eta Carinae nebula at 4 microns have measured the Brackett-alpha hydrogen recombination-line intensity. The bulk of the line and continuum radiation arises in a small central source which is slightly narrower in the line radiation and is barely resolved by the employed beamwidth of 3.4 arcsec. The continuum radiation is well-fitted by an exponential relation to a distance of 10 arcsec from the central source. The line intensity requires a central source which emits 10 to the 49th power ionizing photons per sec into a region of electron density greater than 1 million per cu cm.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; vol. 217
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The flyby of Voyager 1 at Saturn yielded the detection of a large variety of plasma waves, for example, chorus, hiss, and electron cyclotron harmonics. Just before the outbound equator crossing, the Voyager 1 plasma wave instrument detected a strong, well-defined low-frequency enhancement in signal levels. Initially, it was thought that this enhancement was due to plasma waves, but more recently it was suggested that dust impacts might be at least partial contributors. In this report we present evidence that dust impacts are partly responsible for the low-frequency enhancement. A new method of analysis which relies mainly on the 16-channel spectrum analyzer has been used to derive the dust impact rate. The available wideband waveform observations (which have been used previously to study dust impacts) were useful for calibrating the impact rate from the spectrum analyzer data. The mass and hence size of the dust particles were also obtained by analyzing the response of the plasma wave spectrum and analyzer. The results show that the region sampled by Voyager 1 is populated by dust particles that have rms masses of up to a few times 10(exp -11) g and sizes of up to a few microns. The dust particle number density is of the order of 10(exp -3)/cu m. The optical depth of the region sampled by the spacecraft is approximately 10(exp -6). The particle population is centered at 2470 (+/- 150) km south of the equatorial plane and has a north-south FWHM (full-width, half-maximum) thickness of 4130 (+/- 450) km. The dust may be part of the E ring or a localized ringlet assoicated with Dione.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 100; A2; p. 1811-1822
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: To observe the medium energy component of the intense galactic center gamma-ray emission, two balloon flights of a medium energy gamma-ray spark chamber telescope were flown in Brazil in 1975. The results indicate the emission is higher than previously thought and above the predictions of a theoretical model proposed.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: ESA Recent Advan. in Gamma-Ray Astronomy; p 117-124
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: Described in detail is a laser induced fluorescence system which has been successfully interfaced with two aircraft sampling platforms (i.e., Sabreliner jet and an L-188C Electra). This system, which has been under development for four years, presently consists of the following major components: (1) a Nd-Yag laser driven oscillator-amplifier dye laser; (2) a sampling manifold with associated fluorescence detection optics; (3) an OH calibration chamber; (4) a laser beam steering assembly; and (5) sampling electronics and data processing hardware. During the last three years, this system has been flown some 50,000 air miles making tropospheric OH radical measurements over the latitude range of 70 N to 57 S. OH concentrations measured during these flights have ranged from 30 parts-per-quadrillion (3.7 x 10 to the 5th molecules/sq cm) at altitudes of 6 km to 0.8 parts-per-trillion (2.0 x 10 to the 7th molecules/sq cm) at 0.5 km. Computations have been completed which indicate that the existing aircraft system with modest modifications should also be capable of detecting natural tropospheric levels of NO, SO2, CH2O, NO2, HNO2, NO3, H2O2 and CS2 by using both conventional laser-induced fluorescence methodology and multiphoton techniques.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Review of Scientific Instruments; 50; Dec. 197
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Measurements obtained with laser velocimetry in a Mach 2.9 separated turbulent boundary layer and in the transonic flow past a two-dimensional airfoil section are presented and compared to data realized by conventional techniques. Agreement in mean velocities was realized where the pressure measurements could be considered reliable; however, in regions of instantaneous reverse velocities, the laser results were found to be consistent with the physics of the flow whereas the pressure data were not. Streamwise turbulence intensities are also presented. In the transonic airfoil study, velocity measurements obtained immediately outside the upper surface boundary layer of a 6-inch chord NACA 64A010 airfoil are compared to edge velocities inferred from surface pressure measurements. For free-stream Mach numbers of 0.6 and 0.8, the agreement in results was very good. "Dual scatter" optical arrangements in conjunction with a single particle, counter-type signal processor were employed in these investigations.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: NASA-TM-X-73117 , A-6510
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The response of a tungsten-scintillator ionization spectrometer to accelerated particle beams has been investigated. Results obtained from exposure of the approx. 1000 g/sq cm apparatus to 5, 10, and 15 GeV/c electrons and pions as well as to 2.1 GeV/nucleon C-12 and O-16 ions are presented. These results include cascade-development curves, fractions of the primary energy measured by the spectrometer, and resolutions of the apparatus for measuring the primary energies. For 15 GeV/c electrons, an average of about 82% of the incident energy is measured by the apparatus with resolution (normal standard deviation) of about 6%. For 15 GeV/c pions, an average of about 65% of the incident energy is measured with resolution of about 18%. The energy resolution improves with increasing energy and with increasing depth of the spectrometer.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Nuclear Instruments and Methods; 126; 1975
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A simple technique for single-scan T1 measurements in solids is proposed and analyzed for single exponential spin-lattice relaxation. In this technique, the direct spin heating caused by the sampling process is significantly reduced in comparison with conventional techniques by utilizing the 'solid echo' to refocus the magnetization. The applicability of this technique to both the solid and liquid phases is demonstrated.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Review of Scientific Instruments; 49; Aug. 197
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Observations with the Energetic Gamma Ray Experiment Telescope (EGRET) aboard the Compton Gamma Ray Observatory (CGRO) show more than 30 unidentified gamma-ray sources concentrated along the Galactic plane. Based on their spatial distribution, the typical distances of the sources are found to be between 1.2 and 6 kpc. Luminosity estimates made using the estimated distances of the sources and their observed gamma-ray fluxes lie in the range (0.7-16.7) x 10(exp 35) ergs/s. These values, on the average, appear to be higher than the luminosities of the gamma-ray pulsars observed by EGRET. The luminosity estimates indicate that the low-latitude unidentified EGRET sources cannot be explained as a group of older, low-luminosity pulsars like Geminga, although the high-latitude sources may be candidates.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: Astrophysical Journal, Part 2 - Letters (ISSN 0004-637X); 441; 2; p. L61-L64
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: During the Compton Observatory's viewing programs Phase 1 (1991 April to 1992 November, also known as the All-Sky Survey) and Phase 2 (1992 November to 1993 September), the BL Lac object 0716+714 was in the field of view of the EGRET telescope a total of six times, three times in Phase 1 and three more times in Phase 2, while the BL Lac object 0521-365 was in the field of view of EGRET only once in Phase 1. The source 0716+714 was detected in high-energy gamma rays by EGRET at a flux level of (2.0 +/- 0.4) x 10(exp -7) photons/sq cm/s for E greater than 100 MeV with a 6 sigma significance when it was first observed by EGRET in 1992 January 10 to 23. The corresponding spectral slope of the photon number distribution is determined to be -2.04 +/- 0.33. The gamma-ray flux of 0716+714 showed considerable time variability in subsequent EGRET observations. But the spectral slope stayed about the same within the statistical uncertainties of the EGRET data. The average spectral slope of the four viewing periods during which the photon flux of 0716+714 stayed above the EGRET detection threshold is found to be -1.85 +/- 0.20 from the combined data. The source 0521+365 was detected by EGRET in 1992 May 14 to June 4 at a flux level of (1.8 +/- 0.5) x 10(exp -7) photons/sq cm/s for E greater than 100 MeV with a 4 sigma significance. The corresponding spectral slope of the photon number distribution is found to be 2.16 +/- 0.36. Details of the observations of these two BL Lac objects with the EGRET telescope are presented.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: The Astrophysical Journal, Part 1 (ISSN 0004-637X); 442; 1; p. 96-104
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