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  • Disturbance  (1)
  • Genetic engineering  (1)
  • Selenites  (1)
  • 1995-1999  (3)
  • 1980-1984
  • 1975-1979
  • 1960-1964
  • 1955-1959
  • 1870-1879
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  • 1995-1999  (3)
  • 1980-1984
  • 1975-1979
  • 1960-1964
  • 1955-1959
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  • 1
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: Genetic engineering ; KDEL retention signal ; signal peptide ; single-chain antibody ; targeting
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The effects of subcellular localization on single-chain antibody (scFv) expression levels in transgenic tobacco was evaluated using an scFv construct of a model antibody possessing different targeting signals. For translocation into the secretory pathway a secretory signal sequence preceded the scFv gene (scFv-S). For cytosolic expression the scFv antibody gene lacked such a signal sequence (scFv-C). Also, both constructs were provided with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) retention signal KDEL (scFv-SK and scFv-CK, respectively). The expression of the different scFv constructs in transgenic tobacco plants was controlled by a CaMV 35S promoter with double enhancer. The scFv-S and scFv-SK antibody genes reached expression levels of 0.01% and 1% of the total soluble protein, respectively. Surprisingly, scFv-CK transformants showed considerable expression of up to 0.2% whereas scFv-C transformants did not show any accumulation of the scFv antibody. The differences in protein expression levels could not be explained by the steady-state levels of the mRNAs. Transient expression assays with leaf protoplasts confirmed these expression levels observed in transgenic plants, although the expression level of the scFv-S construct was higher. Furthermore, these assays showed that both the secretory signal and the ER retention signal were recognized in the plant cells. The scFv-CK protein was located intracellularly, presumably in the cytosol. The increase in scFv protein stability in the presence of the KDEL retention signal is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Plant ecology 145 (1999), S. 83-90 
    ISSN: 1573-5052
    Keywords: Dispersal ; Disturbance ; Granivory ; Germinable seed
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The sources of seed for seedbank build-up in an acidic grassland were identified from analysis of differences in seedbank build-up over one year between plots where the input of rabbit pellets to ‘seed-free’ soil had either been left or removed. In parallel, the flux of seed arriving in rabbit pellets was monitored. Pellet seed content and total seed input were highest in late summer/early autumn and again in the spring. The seed content of the pellets was dominated by a small number of species: Sagina apetala, Senecio jacobaea, Urtica dioica and Veronica arvensis. Smaller seeded species were more likely to be present as germinable seed in the pellets. Seedbank build-up as a result of wind, splash or adhesive dispersal totalled 547 seedsm2. The additional effect of allowing seed input in pellets was 267 seedsm2, though this increase was not significant. The total increase in seedbank over one year was equivalent to 15–20% of the seedbank present in undisturbed soil. Eight species showed a significant build-up of seed in the seedbank over one year as a result of all means of dispersal, but only Myosotis discolor showed a significantly higher soil germinable seed content in the plots where pellets had been allowed to remain in situ. The build-up of seed in the seedbank is contrasted with the build-up of vegetation on disturbed areas within the same system.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Selenites ; hydrates ; X-ray ; IR ; crystal structure ; pseudosymmetry ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Polymorphic and Pseudosymmetrical Hydrates MSeO3 · H2O (M = Mn, Co, Ni, Zn, Cd)By crystallization from aqueous solutions of MSeO3 and M(HSeO3)2, the selenites MSeO3 · H2O (M = Mn, Co, Ni, Zn, Cd) were obtained and characterized by means of X-ray diffraction and IR-spectroscopy. The crystal structure of ZnSeO3 · H2O was determined. The IR spectra indicate that the hydrates are isotypic and contain H2O molecules of symmetry mm2. However, the X-ray data show different structure types with H2O molecules of site symmetry m or 1. CdSeO3 · H2O and MnSeO3 · H2O are isotypic (o.rh., MnSeO3 · D2O type). CoSeO3 · H2O (mon.) as well as the isotypic NiSeO3 · H2O and ZnSeO3 · H2O (mon.) form new structure types. These findings are discussed on the basis of the crystal structure of ZnSeO3 · H2O (P21/n, a = 477.9(1), b = 1319.4(5), c = 570.1(1) pm, β = 90.84(2)°, Z = 4, Dx = 3.886 g · cm-3, R = 0.035 for 722 reflections with I 〉 2σ1) and the local pseudosymmetry of its components, i.e., layers ∞2[ZnSeO3 · H2O] of ZnO6 octahedra sharing four equatorial vertices, SeO32- anions and H2O molecules.
    Notes: Durch Kristallisation aus MSeO3- und M(HSeO3)2-Lösungen wurden die Selenite MSeO3 · H2O (M = Mn, Co, Ni, Zn, Cd) erhalten und röntgenographisch sowie IR-spektroskopisch charakterisiert. Von ZnSeO3 · H2O wurde die Kristallstruktur bestimmt. Die IR-Spektren deuten auf Isotypie der Hydrate und H2O-Moleküle der Symmetrie mm2. Die Röntgenbeugungsdaten zeigen dagegen das Vorliegen verschiedener Strukturtypen mit H2O-Molekülen der Lagesymmetrie m oder 1. CdSeO3 · H2O und MnSeO3 · H2O sind isotyp (o.rh., MnSeO3 · D2O-Typ). CoSeO3 · H2O (mon.) sowie die isotypen NiSeO3 · H2O und ZnSeO3 · H2O (mon.) kristallisieren in neuen Strukturtypen. Diese Befunde werden auf der Basis der Kristallstruktur von ZnSeO3 · H2O (P21/n, a = 477,9(1), b = 1319,4(5), c = 570,1(1) pm, β = 90,84(2)°, Z = 4, Dx = 3,886 g · cm-3, R = 0,035 für 722 Reflexe mit I 〉 2σ1) und der lokalen Pseudosymmetrie ihrer Bausteine (Schichten ∞2[ZnSeO3 · H2O] aus vierfach eckenverknüpften ZnO6-Oktaedern, SeO32--Anionen und H2O-Moleküle) diskutiert.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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