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  • Engineering General  (194)
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  • 1995-1999  (120)
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  • 1
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    Role of NADH shuttle system in glucose-induced activation of mitochondrial metabolism and insulin secretion (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-02-12
    Description: Glucose metabolism in glycolysis and in mitochondria is pivotal to glucose-induced insulin secretion from pancreatic beta cells. One or more factors derived from glycolysis other than pyruvate appear to be required for the generation of mitochondrial signals that lead to insulin secretion. The electrons of the glycolysis-derived reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) are transferred to mitochondria through the NADH shuttle system. By abolishing the NADH shuttle function, glucose-induced increases in NADH autofluorescence, mitochondrial membrane potential, and adenosine triphosphate content were reduced and glucose-induced insulin secretion was abrogated. The NADH shuttle evidently couples glycolysis with activation of mitochondrial energy metabolism to trigger insulin secretion.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Eto, K -- Tsubamoto, Y -- Terauchi, Y -- Sugiyama, T -- Kishimoto, T -- Takahashi, N -- Yamauchi, N -- Kubota, N -- Murayama, S -- Aizawa, T -- Akanuma, Y -- Aizawa, S -- Kasai, H -- Yazaki, Y -- Kadowaki, T -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Feb 12;283(5404):981-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113, Japan. Tokyo〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9974390" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Aminooxyacetic Acid/pharmacology ; Animals ; Aspartate Aminotransferases/antagonists & inhibitors ; Calcium/metabolism ; Citric Acid Cycle ; Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology ; Female ; Gene Targeting ; Glucose/metabolism/*pharmacology ; Glycerolphosphate Dehydrogenase/genetics/metabolism ; Glycolysis ; Insulin/*secretion ; Islets of Langerhans/metabolism/*secretion ; Male ; Membrane Potentials ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mitochondria/*metabolism ; Models, Biological ; Molecular Sequence Data ; NAD/*metabolism ; Pyruvic Acid/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Mutation of the Stargardt disease gene (ABCR) in age-related macular degeneration (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-09-20
    Description: Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of severe central visual impairment among the elderly and is associated both with environmental factors such as smoking and with genetic factors. Here, 167 unrelated AMD patients were screened for alterations in ABCR, a gene that encodes a retinal rod photoreceptor protein and is defective in Stargardt disease, a common hereditary form of macular dystrophy. Thirteen different AMD-associated alterations, both deletions and amino acid substitutions, were found in one allele of ABCR in 26 patients (16%). Identification of ABCR alterations will permit presymptomatic testing of high-risk individuals and may lead to earlier diagnosis of AMD and to new strategies for prevention and therapy.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Allikmets, R -- Shroyer, N F -- Singh, N -- Seddon, J M -- Lewis, R A -- Bernstein, P S -- Peiffer, A -- Zabriskie, N A -- Li, Y -- Hutchinson, A -- Dean, M -- Lupski, J R -- Leppert, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Sep 19;277(5333):1805-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Intramural Research Support Program, SAIC-Frederick, NCI-Frederick Cancer Research and Development Center, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9295268" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters/*genetics/metabolism ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Female ; Frameshift Mutation ; Heterozygote ; Humans ; Macula Lutea/pathology ; Macular Degeneration/*genetics/metabolism/pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; *Mutation ; Pedigree ; Pigment Epithelium of Eye/pathology ; Retinal Drusen/pathology ; Sequence Deletion
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis of laminated composite plates using a higher-order shear deformation theory (1985)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 21 (1985), S. 2201-2219 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A higher-order shear deformation theory is used to analyse laminated anisotropic composite plates for deflections, stresses, natural frequencies and buckling loads. The theory accounts for parabolic distribution of the transverse shear stresses, and requires no shear correction coefficients. A displacement finite element model of the theory is developed, and applications of the element to bending, Vibration and stability of laminated plates are discussed. The present solutions are compared with those obtained using the classical plate theory and the three-dimensional elasticity theory.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620211207
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Curved beam elements to model noncircular coil shapes for tokamak reactor (1985)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 21 (1985), S. 1853-1870 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The detailed stress analysis of the toroidal field superconducting coil is needed to ensure its structural integrity, which includes conductor breakage, insulation breakage, sliding between two turns, or support structure failure. Such detailed-analysis requires that each of the superconducting coil turns be modelled separately. In this paper, a curved beam finite element,13 having constant radius of curvature, is considered to model a turn of a noncircular toroidal field coil. Four different coil shapes subjected to electromagnetic body forces due to toroidal magnetic fields are analysed to assess the finite element models: circular, elliptic, Princeton-D8 and compound shape9. The comparison of analytical and finite element analysis results for resultant forces, tensions and displacements suggest that the proposed approach may be extended to the detailed stress analysis of the noncircular toroidal field superconducting coil.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620211010
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Finite-element analysis of fluid flow and heat transfer for staggered bundles of cylinders in cross flow (1987)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 7 (1987), S. 1325-1342 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Convective Heat Transfer ; Finite Elements ; Navier-Stokes Equations ; Numerical Results ; Penalty Model ; Staggered Cylinders ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The two-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations and the energy equation governing steady laminar incompressible flow are solved by a penalty finite-element model for flow across finite depth, five-row deep, staggered bundles of cylinders. Pitch to diameter ratios of 1·5 and 2·0 are considered for cylinders in equilateral triangular and square arrangements. Reynolds numbers studied range from 100 to 400, and a Prandtl number of 0·7 is used. Velocity vector fields, streamline patterns, vorticity, pressure and temperature contours, local and average Nusselt numbers, pressure and shear stress distributions around the cylinder walls and drag coefficients are presented. The results obtained agree well with available experimental and numerical data.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650071204
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Operator-splitting methods for the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations on non-staggered grids. Part 1: First-order schemes (1995)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 21 (1995), S. 617-640 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: incompressible viscous flow ; numerical methods ; non-staggered grids ; consistent approximations of operators ; operator-splitting technique ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: New implicit finite difference schemes for solving the time-dependent incompressible Navier-Stokes equations using primitive variables and non-staggered grids are presented in this paper. A priori estimates for the discrete solution of the methods are obtained. Employing the operator approach, some requirements on the difference operators of the scheme are formulated in order to derive a scheme which is essentially consistent with the initial differential equations. The operators of the scheme inherit the fundamental properties of the corresponding differential operators and this allows a priori estimates for the discrete solution to be obtained. The estimate is similar to the corresponding one for the solution of the differential problem and guarantees boundedness of the solution. To derive the consistent scheme, special approximations for convective terms and div and grad operators are employed. Two variants of time discretization by the operator-splitting technique are considered and compared. It is shown that the derived scheme has a very weak restriction on the time step size. A lid-driven cavity flow has been predicted to examine the stability and accuracy of the schemes for Reynolds number up to 3200 on the sequence of grids with 21 × 21, 41 × 41, 81 × 81 and 161 × 161 grid points.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650210802
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Direct cubic spline with application to quadrature (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Communications in Applied Numerical Methods 5 (1989), S. 237-246 
    Details
    ISSN: 0748-8025
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: This paper presents a formulation of a cubic spline that fits the first derivatives of a function at mesh points and the function value and its second derivative at the beginning of the interval. Error bounds for the function and its first three derivatives are derived over the whole interval. This formulation can be applied, in particular, to quadratures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cnm.1630050404
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An inverse finite element method with an application to extrusion with solidification (1989)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 9 (1989), S. 541-555 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Inverse finite elements ; Solidification ; Extrusion ; Metal casting ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The flow and solidification of planar jets are analysed by means of an efficient inverse isotherm finite element method. The method is based on a tessellation that is constructed by isotherms as characteristic co-ordinate lines transverse to the flow direction. Thus opposite sides of finite elements lie on isotherms. The method allows the simultaneous determination of the location of the isotherms with the primary unknowns, namely, the velocity, the pressure, the temperature and the location of the free surface. Thus the determination of the location of the solidification front (which is known to pose significant computational difficulties) is automatic. This facilitates the control of the location of the solidification front by controlling macroscopic variables such as the flow rate, the cooling rate and the capillary design. The location of the solidification may then be suitably chosen to influence the frozen-in orientation and structure in extrusion of high-performance materials such as composites and polymers, in continuous casting of metals and in growth of crystals.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650090505
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  • 9
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    Prevention of cardiac hypertrophy in mice by calcineurin inhibition (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-09-11
    Description: Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is an inherited form of heart disease that affects 1 in 500 individuals. Here it is shown that calcineurin, a calcium-regulated phosphatase, plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of HCM. Administration of the calcineurin inhibitors cyclosporin and FK506 prevented disease in mice that were genetically predisposed to develop HCM as a result of aberrant expression of tropomodulin, myosin light chain-2, or fetal beta-tropomyosin in the heart. Cyclosporin had a similar effect in a rat model of pressure-overload hypertrophy. These results suggest that calcineurin inhibitors merit investigation as potential therapeutics for certain forms of human heart disease.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sussman, M A -- Lim, H W -- Gude, N -- Taigen, T -- Olson, E N -- Robbins, J -- Colbert, M C -- Gualberto, A -- Wieczorek, D F -- Molkentin, J D -- HL58224-01/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Sep 11;281(5383):1690-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9733519" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Calcineurin/metabolism ; *Calcineurin Inhibitors ; Calcium/metabolism ; *Cardiac Myosins ; Cardiomegaly/metabolism/pathology/*prevention & control ; Cardiomyopathy, Dilated/pathology/*prevention & control ; Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic/genetics/metabolism/pathology/*prevention & control ; Carrier Proteins/genetics ; Cyclosporine/*pharmacology ; Female ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; *Microfilament Proteins ; Models, Cardiovascular ; Myocardium/*metabolism/pathology ; Myosin Light Chains/genetics/metabolism ; Rats ; Signal Transduction ; Tacrolimus/*pharmacology ; Tropomodulin ; Tropomyosin/genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
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    Interactions of prefrontal cortex in relation to awareness in sensory learning (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-05-29
    Description: In an associative learning paradigm, human subjects could be divided based on whether they were aware that one tone predicted a visual event and another did not. Only aware subjects acquired a differential behavioral response to the tones. Regional cerebral blood flow in left prefrontal cortex showed learning-related changes only in aware subjects. Left prefrontal cortex also showed changes in functional connectivity with contralateral prefrontal cortex, sensory association cortices, and cerebellum. Several of the interacting areas correlated with aware subjects' behavior. These results suggest cerebral processes underlying awareness are mediated through interactions of large-scale neurocognitive systems.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉McIntosh, A R -- Rajah, M N -- Lobaugh, N J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 May 28;284(5419):1531-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Rotman Research Institute of Baycrest Centre, 3560 Bathurst Street, Toronto, Ontario M6A 2E1, Canada. mcintosh@psych.utoronto.ca〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10348741" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acoustic Stimulation ; Adult ; Association Learning/*physiology ; *Awareness ; Brain/physiology/radionuclide imaging ; Cerebrovascular Circulation ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Photic Stimulation ; Prefrontal Cortex/blood supply/*physiology/radionuclide imaging ; Tomography, Emission-Computed
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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