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  • SPACE BIOLOGY  (5)
  • MAN/SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY AND LIFE SUPPORT  (2)
  • Cyanobacterium  (1)
  • 1995-1999  (2)
  • 1985-1989  (6)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Anaerobic biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids in the cyanobacterium, Oscillatoria limnetica (1989)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 152 (1989), S. 215-217 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Cyanobacterium ; Oscillatoria limnetica ; Anacrobic unsaturated fatty acid synthesis ; Positional isomers
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The mechanism for synthesis of monounsaturated fatty acids under aerobic and anaerobic conditions was studied in the facultative anaerobic cyanobacterium, Oscillatoria limnetica. The hexadecenoic acid (C16∶1) of aerobically grown O. limnetica was shown to contain both the Δ7 (79%) and Δ9 (21%) isomers, while the octadecenoic (C18∶1) acid was entirely the Δ9 acid. Incorporation of [2-14C] acetate into the fatty acids under aerobic conditions resulted in synthesis of the Δ7 and Δ9 C16∶1 and the Δ9 C18∶1. Synthesis of unsaturated fatty acids in the presence of DCMU required sulfide. Anaerobic incubations in the presence of DCMU and sulfide (less than 0.003% atmospheric oxygen) resulted in a two-fold increase in monounsaturated fatty acids of both Δ7 and Δ9 C16∶1 and Δ9 and Δ11 C18∶1. The synthesis of these isomers is characteristic of a bacterialtype, anaerobic pathway.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00409653
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 2
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    The evolution of CELSS for lunar bases (1985)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: A bioregenerative life support system designed to address the fundamental requirements of a functioning independent lunar base is presented in full. Issues to be discussed are associated with CELSS weight, volume and cost of operation. The fundamental CELSS component is a small, highly automated module containing plants which photosynthesize and provide the crew with food, water and oxygen. Hydrogen, nitrogen and carbon dioxide will be initially brought in from earth, recycled and their waste products conserved. As the insufficiency of buffers necessitates stringent cybernetic control, a stable state will be maintained by computer control. Through genetic engineering and carbon dioxide, temperature, and nutrient manipulation, plant productivity can be increased, while the area necessary for growth and illumination energy decreased. In addition, photosynthetic efficiency can be enhanced through lamp design, fiber optics and the use of appropriate wavelengths. Crop maintenance will be performed by robotics, as a means of preventing plant ailments.
    Keywords: MAN/SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY AND LIFE SUPPORT
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 3
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    Planetary protection issues for sample return missions (1989)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Planetary protection (PP) issues for both a comet nucleus sample return (CNSR) mission and a Mars rover sample return (MRSR) mission are discussed, with special attention given to the PP requirements for such missions, the exobiology science objectives for the CNSR and MRSR missions, and a qualitative PP risk assessment for both mission types. A set of contamination control procedures for both missions is presented, which identify procedures for each of the mission phases (i.e., the prelaunch, launch, sample handling, transit vehicle, and earth return). Recommendations for further research and technology development are discussed.
    Keywords: SPACE BIOLOGY
    Type: Planetary Biology and Origins of Life, 20th, 21st, and 23rd, Espoo, Finland, July 18-29, 1988) Advances in Space Research (ISSN 0273-1177); 203-206
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 4
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    Exobiological exploration of Mars (1995)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-04-02
    Description: Of all the other planets in the solar system, Mars remains the most promising for further elucidating concepts about chemical evolution and the origin of life. Strategies were developed to pursue three exobiological objectives for Mars exploration: determining the abundance and distribution of the biogenic elements and organic compounds, detecting evidence of an ancient biota on Mars, and determining whether indigenous organisms exist anywhere on the planet. The three strategies are quite similar and, in fact, share the same sequence of phases. In the first phase, each requires global reconnaissance and remote sensing by orbiters to select sites of interest for detailed in situ analyses. In the second phase, lander missions are conducted to characterize the chemical and physical properties of the selected sites. The third phase involves conducting 'critical' experiments at sites whose properties make them particularly attractive for exobiology. These critical experiments would include, for example, identification of organics, detection of fossils, and detection of extant life. The fourth phase is the detailed analysis of samples returned from these sites in Earth-based laboratories to confirm and extend previous discoveries. Finally, in the fifth phase, human exploration is needed to establish the geological settings for the earlier findings or to discover and explore sites that are not accessible to robotic spacecraft.
    Keywords: SPACE BIOLOGY
    Type: Life sciences and space research 24 (4): Planetary biology and origins of life; Topical Meeting of the COSPAR Interdisciplinary Scientific Commission F (Meeting F3) of the COSPAR Plenary Meeting, 29th (ISSN 0273-1177); 15; 3; p. 151-156
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 5
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    Life sciences and space research XXIII(2): Planetary biology and origins of life; Proceedings of the Topical Meeting and Workshops XX, XXI and XXIII of the 27th COSPAR Plenary Meeting, Espoo, Finland, July 18-29, 1988 (1989)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-03-09
    Description: This volume includes chapters on exobiology in space, chemical and early biochemical evolution, life without oxygen, potential for chemical evolution in the early environment of Mars, planetary protection issues and sample return missions, and the modulation of biological evolution by astrophysical phenomena. Papers are presented on the results of spaceflight missions, the action of some factors of space medium on the abiogenic synthesis of nucleotides, early peptidic enzymes, microbiology and biochemistry of the methanogenic archaeobacteria, and present-day biogeochemical activities of anaerobic bacteria and their relevance to future exobiological investigations. Consideration is also given to the development of the Alba Patera volcano on Mars, biological nitrogen fixation under primordial Martian partial pressures of dinitrogen, the planetary protection issues in advance of human exploration of Mars, and the difficulty with astronomical explanations of periodic mass extinctions.
    Keywords: SPACE BIOLOGY
    Type: (ISSN 0273-1177)
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 6
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    Exobiology in Earth orbit: The results of science workshops held at NASA, Ames Research Center (1989)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The Workshops on Exobiology in Earth Orbit were held to explore concepts for orbital experiments of exobiological interest and make recommendations on which classes of experiments should be carried out. Various observational and experimental opportunities in Earth orbit are described including those associated with the Space Shuttle laboratories, spacecraft deployed from the Space Shuttle and expendable launch vehicles, the Space Station, and lunar bases. Specific science issues and technology needs are summarized. Finally, a list of recommended experiments in the areas of observational exobiology, cosmic dust collection, and in situ experiments is presented.
    Keywords: SPACE BIOLOGY
    Type: NASA-SP-500 , NAS 1.21:500
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 7
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    Site selection for Mars exobiology (1995)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-27
    Description: The selection of sites on Mars that have a high priority for exobiological research is fundamental for planning future exploration. The most immediate need is to identify targets for high resolution orbital imaging during the Mars Observer and Mars '94/'96 missions that can be used to refined site priorities for surface exploration. We present an objective approach to site selection whereby individual sites are selected and scored, based on the presence of key geological features which indicate high priority environments. Prime sites are those that show evidence for the prolonged activity of liquid water and which have sedimentary deposits that are likely to have accumulated in environments favorable for life. High priority areas include fluvio-lacustrine (stream-fed lake systems), springs, and periglacial environments. Sites where mineralization may have occurred in the presence of organisms (e.g. springs) are given high priority in the search for a fossil record on Mars. A systematic review of Viking data for 83 sites in the Mars Landing Site Catalog (MLSC) resulted in the selection of 13 as being of exobiological interest. The descriptions of these sites were expanded to address exobiological concerns. An additional five sites were identified for inclusion in the second edition of the MLSC. We plan to broaden our site selection activities to include a systematic global reconnaissance of Mars using Viking data, and will continue to refine site priorities for exobiological research based on data from future missions in order to define strategies for surface exploration.
    Keywords: SPACE BIOLOGY
    Type: Life sciences and space research 24 (4): Planetary biology and origins of life; Topical Meeting of the COSPAR Interdisciplinary Scientific Commission F (Meeting F3) of the COSPAR Plenary Meeting, 29th (ISSN 0273-1177); 15; 3; p. 157-162
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 8
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    Controlled Ecological Life Support System. Life Support Systems in Space Travel (1985)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Life support systems in space travel, in closed ecological systems were studied. Topics discussed include: (1) problems of life support and the fundamental concepts of bioregeneration; (2) technology associated with physical/chemical regenerative life support; (3) projection of the break even points for various life support techniques; (4) problems of controlling a bioregenerative life support system; (5) data on the operation of an experimental algal/mouse life support system; (6) industrial concepts of bioregenerative life support; and (7) Japanese concepts of bioregenerative life support and associated biological experiments to be conducted in the space station.
    Keywords: MAN/SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY AND LIFE SUPPORT
    Type: NASA-CP-2378 , A-85190 , NAS 1.55:2378 , COSPAR Meeting; Jul 01, 1984; Graz; Austria
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
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