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  • Chemistry  (621)
  • Inorganic Chemistry  (94)
  • Life and Medical Sciences  (47)
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  • 1995-1999  (273)
  • 1985-1989  (395)
  • 1
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: AM1 calculations ; Chloralide ; Dioxolane ; Force-field calculations ; Tartaric acid ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Isolation of a third diastereoisomer (1c) of (R,R)-tartaric acid chloralide is described. A comparison of structural data derived by X-ray analysis with calculated parameters is given. Structures are generated by the ALCHEMY force-field program as well as by AM1 calculations.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1434-1948
    Keywords: Boranes ; Ruthenium ; Sandwich Complexes ; Diboroles ; Triple-decker ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The addition products of lithium alkyls and the pentaalkyl-2,3-dihydro-1,3-diborole derivatives 5a-f react with [{(C5Me5)RuCl}4] and [{(C5Me4Et)RuCl}4] to form the violet sandwich compounds 2*c-f and 2∧c, f. These formally 16 VE complexes are in fact electron-poor 18 VE species, because a high-lying combination of σ(B-C) orbitals interacts with the dxz orbital of the Ru atom. Addition of tert-butyl isocyanide to 2*a, or 2*d leads to the isonitrile complexes 6*a, and 6*d, as indicated by the spectroscopic data and X-ray structure analyses. At low temperature the interaction of 2*a, c, or e with H2 yields the classic dihydride complexes 7*a, c, and e, respectively, which have been studied by NMR. Oxidative addition of H3B·THF to the ruthenium atom of 2*a or c, followed by a reductive elimination of H2 and migration of the boranediyl group gives the yellow closo-RuC3B3 ruthenacarboranes 8*a and 8*c, respectively. The reaction of [(C2H4)2RhCl]2 and 2*c generates the tetranuclear complex 9*c.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 0935-9648
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 23 (1988), S. 566-572 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Triazolopyridine is proposed as a new derivative for the location of branches and double bonds in fatty acids. It is compared with previously used derivatives and found to be clearly superior to the pyrrolidide and slightly superior to the β-picolinyl ester with regard to the structure-specific fragmentation pattern. It is prepared by reacting the activated acid with 2-hydrazinopyridine followed by cyclization.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Die Größenverteilungsfunktion von Dispersionen mit extrem breiter Verteilung (Durchmesserbereich 20 〈 D 〈 2000 nm) kann in der analytischen Ultrazentrifuge (AUC) nicht durch eine Standardmethode, z. B. durch Messung der Trübung τ bei einer einzigen Konzentration, bestimmt werden, weil sich die spezifische Trübung τ/c von sehr kleinen und sehr großen Teilchen zu stark unterscheidet. Um dieses Problem zu lösen, haben wir eine neue AUC-Technik, die sogenannte Coupling-PSD-Technik entwickelt. Dabei werden zwei unterschiedliche Konzentrationen derselben Dispersion gleichzeitig in einem einzigen AUC-Lauf vermessen und zwei korrespondierende Lichtintensitiit-Zeit-Kurven aufgezeichnet. Bei einer niedrigen Standardkonzentration cs werden hauptsachlich die größeren Teilchen erfaßt während bei einer 5 bis 30 mal heheren Konzentration ch vor allem die kleineren Teilchen registriert werden. Die beiden I(t)-Kurven werden mathematisch verkniipft und unter Verwendung des Stokeschen Gesetzes und der Streutheorie von Mie für homogene isotrope Kugeln in die gesuchte breite Verteilungsfunktion umgerechnet. Wir benutzen eine mit einem 8-Zellen-Rotor und einem Multiplexer ausgestattete AUC. Da sehr groBe und sehr kleine Teilchen gleichzeitig in einem einzigen Zentrifugenlauf bestimmt werden, kennen wir nicht mehr wie zuvor eine konstante Rotorgeschwindigkeit N anwenden, sondern miissen diese mit Hilfe eines Geschwindigkeitsprogramms N(t) innerhalb einer Stunde von 0 auf 40000 U/min erhehen.
    Notes: The particle size distribution (PSD) of extremely broad distributed dispersions (diameter range 20 〈 D 〈 2000 nm) is not possible to be measured by analytical ultracentrifuge (AUC) using the standard technique, i.e. measuring turbidity τ at a single concentration c, because the specific turbidity τ/c varies too much between very small and very large particles. To solve this problem we have developed a new AUC technique, the so-called Coupling-PSD-Technique. Here two different concentrations of the same dispersion are measured simultaneously by one single AUC run with two corresponding curves of light intensity I vs. time t being registered. At a low standard concentration cs, mainly the larger particles are detected, while at a concentration ch 5 to 30 times higher mainly the smaller particles are registered. Both I(t)-curves are coupled mathematically and transformed into the requested broad distribution curve employing Stokes' law and Mie's light scattering theory for homogeneous isotropic spheres.We use an AUC together with an 8-cells-rotor and a multiplexer. Because very large and very small particles are to be measured simultaneously in one single run, we can no more apply a constant rotor speed N as before, but by means of a time program N(t) we always have to increase the rotor speed from 0 to 40000 rpm within one hour.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 173 (1989), S. 213-218 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: An attempt was made to obtain cationic cellulose derivatives of highest possible degrees of substitution by treating dissolving grade pulps under homogeneous conditions with glycidyltrimethylammonium chloride in the solvent system dimethylacetamide/lithiumchloride. The influence of temperature, reaction time and molar ratio of the reagents was examined. A reaction time of 8 h and a temperature of 70°C have been found to be optimal. The cellulose content in solution and the molar ratio of the reagents have to be adapted to the used pulp.
    Notes: Es wurde der Versuch unternommen, durch Umsetzung von Zellstoffen mit Glycidyltrimethylammoniumchlorid im Lösungsmittelsystem Dimethylacetamid/Lithiumchlorid kationische Cellulosederivate mit möglichst hohen Substitutionsgraden zu erhalten. Hierzu wurden Temperaturabhängigkeit, Reaktionsdauer und Molverhältnis der Reaktanden untersucht. Als optimal erwies sich eine Reaktionsdauer von 8 h bei einer Reaktionstemperatur von 70°C. Der Cellulosegehalt in Lösung und das Molverhältnis der Reaktanden müssen dem verwendeten Zellstoff angepaßt werden.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 41 (1997), S. 165-180 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: For a minimalist model of protein folding, which we introduced recently, we investigate various methods to obtain folding sequences. A detailed study of random sequences shows that, for this model, such sequences usually do not fold to their ground states during simulations. Straightforward techniques for the construction of folding sequences, based solely on the target structure, fail. We describe in detail an optimization algorithm, based on genetic algorithms, for the “simulated breeding” of folding sequences in this model. We find that, for any target structure studied, there is not only a single folding sequence but a patch of sequences in sequence space that fold to this structure. In addition, we show that, much as in real proteins, nonhomologous sequences may fold to the same target structure. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 26 (1987), S. 619-623 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Isolation of Bafilomycin-A1-21-O-(α-L-rhamnopyranoside). Structural Determination by Chemical Correlation with Bafilomycin A1 and LeucanicidinFrom cultures of an actinomycete strain, the known antifungal and insecticidal antibiotic leucanicidin (1) and a hitherto unknown antifungal antibiotic, bafilomycin-A1-21-O-(α-L-rhamnopyranoside) (2), were isolated. The latter is spectroscopically closely related to 1 and bafilomycin A1 (3) and gave degradation products identical with compounds obtained by analogous degradation of 1 and 3.
    Additional Material: 5 Tab.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The synthesis and photolysis of the title compound 3 is described. Irradiation (λ 〉 280 nm, MeCN) of the di-epoxyketone 3 leads predominantly to γ-H abstraction. Cyclization furnishes the cyclobutanols 22-24, while cleavage gives compound 25, presumably via the allene-oxide intermediate 36. Further, products 27 and 28 are formed by Norrish fragmentation and by initial cleavage of the C(α)—O bond of the oxirane, respectively. The structures of the products 22-25, 27, and 28 were assigned on the basis of the spectral data of the photolysis products of the 13C-labelled diepoxyketone[6,6-dimethyl-13C2]-3 and by X-ray analysis of the compounds 24 and 35, the latter being the p-nitrobenzoate of 22.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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