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  • 1
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    An essential role for DNA adenine methylation in bacterial virulence (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-05-13
    Description: Salmonella typhimurium lacking DNA adenine methylase (Dam) were fully proficient in colonization of mucosal sites but showed severe defects in colonization of deeper tissue sites. These Dam- mutants were totally avirulent and were effective as live vaccines against murine typhoid fever. Dam regulated the expression of at least 20 genes known to be induced during infection; a subset of these genes are among those activated by the PhoP global virulence regulator. PhoP, in turn, affected Dam methylation at specific genomic sites, as evidenced by alterations in DNA methylation patterns. Dam inhibitors are likely to have broad antimicrobial action, and Dam- derivatives of these pathogens may serve as live attenuated vaccines.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Heithoff, D M -- Sinsheimer, R L -- Low, D A -- Mahan, M J -- AI23348/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI36373/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 May 7;284(5416):967-70.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10320378" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenine/metabolism ; Animals ; Bacterial Proteins/metabolism ; *Bacterial Vaccines ; *DNA Methylation ; DNA, Bacterial/metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial ; Genes, Bacterial ; Lethal Dose 50 ; Methylation ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mutation ; Peyer's Patches/microbiology ; Salmonella Infections, Animal/immunology/*microbiology/prevention & control ; Salmonella typhimurium/*enzymology/genetics/immunology/*pathogenicity ; Site-Specific DNA-Methyltransferase (Adenine-Specific)/antagonists & ; inhibitors/genetics/*metabolism ; Vaccines, Attenuated ; Virulence/genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Restricted lateral diffusion of PH-20, a PI-anchored sperm membrane protein (1988)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1988-06-24
    Description: The rate of lateral diffusion of integral membrane proteins is constrained in cells, but the constraining factors for most membrane proteins have not been defined. PH-20, a sperm surface protein involved in sperm-egg adhesion, was shown to be anchored in the plasma membrane by attachment to the lipid phosphatidylinositol and to have a diffusion rate that is highly restricted on testicular sperm, being more than a thousand times slower than lipid diffusion. These results support the hypothesis that lateral mobility of a membrane protein can be regulated exclusively by interactions of its ectodomain.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Phelps, B M -- Primakoff, P -- Koppel, D E -- Low, M G -- Myles, D G -- GM-23585/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- HD-16580/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Jun 24;240(4860):1780-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Physiology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington 06032.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3381102" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antigens, Surface ; Cell Adhesion Molecules ; Cell Compartmentation ; Cell Membrane/physiology ; Diffusion ; Guinea Pigs ; Male ; *Membrane Fluidity ; Membrane Proteins/*physiology ; Phosphatidylinositols/*physiology ; Sperm Maturation ; Spermatozoa/*physiology ; Testis/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    Synaptic vesicle endocytosis impaired by disruption of dynamin-SH3 domain interactions (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-04-11
    Description: The proline-rich COOH-terminal region of dynamin binds various Src homology 3 (SH3) domain-containing proteins, but the physiological role of these interactions is unknown. In living nerve terminals, the function of the interaction with SH3 domains was examined. Amphiphysin contains an SH3 domain and is a major dynamin binding partner at the synapse. Microinjection of amphiphysin's SH3 domain or of a dynamin peptide containing the SH3 binding site inhibited synaptic vesicle endocytosis at the stage of invaginated clathrin-coated pits, which resulted in an activity-dependent distortion of the synaptic architecture and a depression of transmitter release. These findings demonstrate that SH3-mediated interactions are required for dynamin function and support an essential role of clathrin-mediated endocytosis in synaptic vesicle recycling.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shupliakov, O -- Low, P -- Grabs, D -- Gad, H -- Chen, H -- David, C -- Takei, K -- De Camilli, P -- Brodin, L -- CA46128/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Apr 11;276(5310):259-63.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉The Nobel Institute for Neurophysiology, Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9092476" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Binding Sites ; Cell Membrane/ultrastructure ; Coated Pits, Cell-Membrane/ultrastructure ; Dynamins ; *Endocytosis ; GTP Phosphohydrolases/*metabolism ; Humans ; Lampreys ; Microscopy, Electron ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/chemistry/*metabolism ; Proline/chemistry ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Synapses/metabolism/ultrastructure ; Synaptic Transmission ; Synaptic Vesicles/*metabolism/ultrastructure ; *src Homology Domains
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    Gonadotroph-specific expression of metallothionein fusion genes in pituitaries of transgenic mice (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-02-28
    Description: Transgenic mice expressing a metallothionein-somatostatin fusion gene contain high concentrations of somatostatin in the anterior pituitary gland, a tissue that does not normally produce somatostatin. Immunoreactive somatostatin within the anterior pituitaries was found exclusively within gonadotrophs. Similarly, a metallothionein-human growth-hormone fusion gene was also expressed selectively in gonadotrophs. It is proposed that sequences common to the two fusion genes are responsible for the gonadotroph-specific expression.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Low, M J -- Lechan, R M -- Hammer, R E -- Brinster, R L -- Habener, J F -- Mandel, G -- Goodman, R H -- AM 01313/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- AM 30457/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- AM 31400/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Feb 28;231(4741):1002-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2868526" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; DNA, Recombinant/metabolism ; Genes ; Genetic Engineering ; Humans ; Immunoenzyme Techniques ; Luteinizing Hormone/metabolism ; Metallothionein/*genetics ; Mice ; Pituitary Gland, Anterior/*metabolism ; Rats ; Somatostatin/*genetics/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 5
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    Structural and functional roles of glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol in membranes (1988)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1988-01-15
    Description: Glycosylated forms of phosphatidylinositol, which have only recently been described in eukaryotic organisms, are now known to play important roles in biological membrane function. These molecules can serve as the sole means by which particular cell-surface proteins are anchored to the membrane. Lipids with similar structures may also be involved in signal transduction mechanisms for the hormone insulin. The utilization of this novel class of lipid molecules for these two distinct functions suggests new mechanisms for the regulation of proteins in biological membranes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Low, M G -- Saltiel, A R -- DK33804/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- GM35873/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Jan 15;239(4837):268-75.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York, NY 10032.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3276003" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Membrane/*physiology ; Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; Glycolipids/biosynthesis/*physiology ; Glycosylation ; Humans ; Hydrolysis ; Insulin/physiology ; Membrane Lipids/physiology ; Membrane Proteins/physiology ; Phosphatidylinositols/biosynthesis/*physiology ; Phospholipases/metabolism ; Phospholipid Ethers/biosynthesis/physiology ; Trypanosoma brucei brucei/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
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    Patients' choice of portable folding chairs to reduce symptoms of orthostatic hypotension (1999)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: Patients with neurogenic orthostatic hypotension may use portable folding chairs to prevent or reduce symptoms of low blood pressure. However, a concomitant movement disorder may limit the use of these chairs in daily living. In this prospective study, 13 patients with orthostatic hypotension, balance disturbance associated with motor disability, or both examined three commercially available portable folding chairs. A questionnaire was used to document the characteristics in chair design that were relevant for satisfactory use to these patients. Armrests, seat width, and an adjustable sitting height were found to be important features of a portable folding chair. One chair was selected by 11 of 13 patients to fit most needs.
    Keywords: Aerospace Medicine
    Type: Clinical autonomic research : official journal of the Clinical Autonomic Research Society (ISSN 0959-9851); Volume 9; 6; 341-4
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  • 7
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    Pathophysiological basis of orthostatic hypotension in autonomic failure (1999)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: In patients with autonomic failure orthostatic hypotension results from an impaired capacity to increase vascular resistance during standing. This fundamental defect leads to increased downward pooling of venous blood and a consequent reduction in stroke volume and cardiac output that exaggerates the orthostatic fall in blood pressure. The location of excessive venous blood pooling has not been established so far, but present data suggest that the abdominal compartment and perhaps leg skin vasculature are the most likely candidates. To improve the orthostatic tolerance in patients with autonomic failure, protective measures that reduce excessive orthostatic blood pooling have been developed and evaluated. These measures include physical counter-manoeuvres and abdominal compression.
    Keywords: Aerospace Medicine
    Type: The Journal of physiology (ISSN 0022-3751); Volume 519 Pt 1; 1-10
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  • 8
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    The autonomic laboratory (1999)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The autonomic nervous system can now be studied quantitatively, noninvasively, and reproducibly in a clinical autonomic laboratory. The approach at the Mayo Clinic is to study the postganglionic sympathetic nerve fibers of peripheral nerve (using the quantitative sudomotor axon reflex test [QSART]), the parasympathetic nerves to the heart (cardiovagal tests), and the regulation of blood pressure by the baroreflexes (adrenergic tests). Patient preparation is extremely important, since the state of the patient influences the results of autonomic function tests. The autonomic technologist in this evolving field needs to have a solid core of knowledge of autonomic physiology and autonomic function tests, followed by training in the performance of these tests in a standardized fashion. The range and utilization of tests of autonomic function will likely continue to evolve.
    Keywords: Aerospace Medicine
    Type: American journal of electroneurodiagnostic technology (ISSN 1086-508X); 39; 2; 65-76
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  • 9
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    Autoregulation of cerebral blood flow in orthostatic hypotension (1998)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: We sought to evaluate cerebral autoregulation in patients with orthostatic hypotension (OH). METHODS: We studied 21 patients (aged 52 to 78 years) with neurogenic OH during 80 degrees head-up tilt. Blood flow velocities (BFV) from the middle cerebral artery were continuously monitored with transcranial Doppler sonography, as were heart rate, blood pressure (BP), cardiac output, stroke volume, CO2, total peripheral resistance, and cerebrovascular resistance. RESULTS: All OH patients had lower BP (P〈.0001), BFV_diastolic (P〈.05), CVR (P〈.007), and TPR (P〈.02) during head-up tilt than control subjects. In control subjects, no correlations between BFV and BP were found during head-up tilt, suggesting normal autoregulation. OH patients could be separated into those with normal or expanded autoregulation (OH_NA; n=16) and those with autoregulatory failure (OH_AF; n=5). The OH_NA group showed either no correlation between BFV and BP (n=8) or had a positive BFV/BP correlation (R2〉.75) but with a flat slope. An expansion of the "autoregulated" range was seen in some patients. The OH_AF group was characterized by a profound fall in BFV in response to a small reduction in BP (mean deltaBP 〈40 mm Hg; R2〉.75). CONCLUSIONS: The most common patterns of cerebral response to OH are autoregulatory failure with a flat flow-pressure relationship or intact autoregulation with an expanded autoregulated range. The least common pattern is autoregulatory failure with a steep flow-pressure relationship. Patients with patterns 1 and 2 have an enhanced capacity to cope with OH, while those with pattern 3 have reduced capacity.
    Keywords: Aerospace Medicine
    Type: Stroke; a journal of cerebral circulation (ISSN 0039-2499); 29; 1; 104-11
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  • 10
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    Normative data on phases of the Valsalva maneuver (1998)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The phases of the Valsalva maneuver have well-known pathophysiology, and are used in the evaluation of adrenergic function. Because scant normative data is available, we have evaluated normative data for the Valsalva maneuver in control subjects. The patient, supine, performed the Valsalva maneuver maintaining an expiratory pressure of 40 mm Hg for 15 seconds. We reviewed 188 Valsalva maneuver recordings of normal control subjects, and recordings were excluded if two reproducible recordings were not obtained, or if expiratory pressure was 〈30 mm Hg or 〈 10 seconds. One hundred and three recordings were acceptable for analysis; 47 female and 56 male subjects, age in years (mean +/- SD) was 52.2+/-17.3 and 44.8+/-17.3, respectively. The association of expiratory pressure with age (P 〈 0.001) and gender ( P 〈 0.001) was complex, expressed as a parabola in both men and women, but resulted in phases I and III that were not significantly different. An increase in age resulted in a progressively more negative phase II_E (P 〈 0.05) and attenuation of phase II_L (P 〈 0.01). An increase in supine blood pressure resulted in a significantly more negative phase II_E (P 〈 0.001) and a lower phase IV. Phase IV is unaffected by age and gender.
    Keywords: Aerospace Medicine
    Type: Journal of clinical neurophysiology : official publication of the American Electroencephalographic Society (ISSN 0736-0258); 15; 6; 535-40
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