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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The evolution of antibiotic binding sites on eubacterial, eukaryotic and archaebacterial ribosomes. A record of the evolution of the translational machinery? (1986)
    Springer
    Origins of life and evolution of the biospheres 16 (1986), S. 250-250 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0875
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02422008
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The action of antibiotics on the anaerobic digestion process (1996)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 46 (1996), S. 587-592 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract Antibiotics can disturb the production of biogas during anaerobic digestion. This study shows a systematic approach to understanding how the different bacterial populations involved in the final conversion of organic matter into methane are inhibited by 15 antimicrobial agents with different specificities and modes of action. The results obtained show the following trends: (i) some inhibitors, such as the macrolide erythromycin, lack any inhibitory effect on biogas production; (ii) some antibiotics, with different specificities, have partial inhibitory effects on anaerobic digestion and decrease methane production by interfering with the activity of propionic-acid- and butyric-acid-degrading bacteria,␣(e.g. antibiotics that interfere with cell wall synthesis, RNA polymerase activity and protein synthesis, especially the aminoglycosides); (iii) the protein synthesis inhibitors chlortetracycline (IC50 40 mg l−1) and chloramphenicol (IC50 15–20 mg l−1) are very powerful inhibitors of anaerobic digestion. The majority of the antibiotics tested lacked activity against acetoclastic methanogens, being active only on the acetogenic bacteria. However, chloramphenicol and chlortetracycline could cause the complete inhibition of the acetoclastic methanogenic archaea.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002530050865
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons on the acetoclastic methanogenic activity of granular sludge (1997)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 47 (1997), S. 324-328 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract The toxicity of chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons on acetoclastic methanogens in anaerobic granular sludge was determined using a standardized anaerobic bioassay method. Most of the chloroaliphatics tested were strong inhibitors of methanogenesis. Tri- and tetrachloride derivatives of methane and ethane were the most highly toxic compounds tested, with concentrations of less than 18 mg/l resulting in 50% inhibition (IC50) of the methanogenic activity. Dichlorinated compounds were less toxic, with IC50 values ranging from 40 mg/l to 100 mg/l. On the other hand, perchlorinated derivatives of ethane and ethene were scarcely inhibitory at concentrations near their maximum water solubility. The toxicity caused by chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons was reversible. The comparison of structurally related compounds indicated that unsaturated chloroaliphatics were less toxic than their saturated counterparts. A reverse correlation between the electric dipole moment of these compounds and their methanogenic toxicity is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002530050935
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Experimentally induced clutch size enlargements affect reproductive success in the Pied Flycatcher (1995)
    Springer
    Oecologia 103 (1995), S. 358-364 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Clutch size ; Energy constraints ; Ficedula hypoleuca ; Pied Flycatcher ; Reproductive success
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract We performed a food provisioning experiment in a population of Pied Flycatchers Ficedula hypoleuca breeding at high altitude in central Spain to test if food availability before and during laying determines clutch size. Food was provided to one of two pairs with the same date of initiation of nest-building (15 dyads of subsequently reproducing pairs were thus created). Food provisioning began on the day of initiation of nest-building and ended on the day after the last egg was laid. Although laying date was unaffected by the experiment, clutch size in the experimental treatment was significantly larger. This result could indicate that food availability at laying (1) proximately constrained clutch size or (2) that females evaluated future conditions for incubating eggs and feeding nestlings based on food availability at laying. Reproductive success (proportion of eggs that resulted in fledged young) was significantly reduced in the experimental treatment. This effect suggest that supplemented females were tricked by the experiment into laying more eggs than the number of eggs they were able to incubate with success and the number of nestlings they were able to feed, a source of error in clutch size adjustment which could be common in non-experimental situations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00328625
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    29Si MAS-NMR spectroscopy of mica-type silicates: Observed and predicted distribution of tetrahedral Al-Si (1987)
    Springer
    Physics and chemistry of minerals 15 (1987), S. 84-90 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2021
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract 29Si MAS-NMR spectra were obtained for vermiculite with tetrahedral composition x=Al/(Al+Si)=0.28, a synthetic mica with x=0.43, and margarite with x=0.5. Comparison between the observed and Monte-Carlo simulated spectra was used to test different Al-Si distribution schemes in the tetrahedral sheet. The results of this analysis are interpreted including earlier data corresponding to lower Al for Si substitutions (0.12≤x≤0.28), and it is shown that for all samples (8 compositions in the range 0.1≤x≤0.5) the Al-Si distribution complies with the principle of homogeneous dispersion of charges (HDC). Thus, Al-Si distribution models for any particular x can be predicted on the basis of a simple crystallochemical criterion. HDC is a short range order concept and implies that, within the restrictions imposed by the principle, charges be distributed at random. For increasing values of x, however, the observance of HDC implies a coupling between adjacent hexamer rings which restricts the degrees of freedom for random distribution and is equivalent to a progressive extension of order. This is reflected by the frequencies of meta and para substitutions in the hexamer rings, which vary in a characteristical, continuous way with x, until the fully ordered distribution scheme of margarite (x=0.5) is reached. Partial long-range order for x〈0.5, with alternating Si and (Al+Si) tetrahedra and all substitutions in meta disposition, could not be confirmed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307613
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Desiccated doubled-haploid embryos obtained from microspore culture of barley cv. Igri (1999)
    Springer
    Plant cell reports 18 (1999), S. 924-928 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-203X
    Keywords: Key words Barley ; Desiccation ; Embryos ; Doubled haploids ; Microspores
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  Barley microspore-derived doubled-haploid embryos have been produced in vitro. The development of embryo desiccation technology will allow long-term storage, germplasm preservation and low delivery cost. Treatment of the microspore-derived embryos was essential to induce desiccation tolerance and to arrest further development and plant regeneration. At the concentrations used, a treatment with trehalose was more efficient than with sucrose, and mannitol was harmful to the embryos. Up to 80% of the desiccated embryos produced complete green plants when transferred to regeneration medium, by the application of a 0.6 m trehalose or a 10–5 m abscisic acid treatment to the embryos in the culture induction medium. The morphology of these plants was similar to plants produced directly from non-desiccated embryos.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002990050685
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermal Evolution of Alumina Prepared by the Sol-Gel Technique (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of materials synthesis and processing 6 (1998), S. 1-7 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4870
    Keywords: Alumina ; sol-gel ; structure ; thermal evolution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The thermal evolution of an alumina gel synthesized by hydrolysis of aluminium alkoxide (sol-gel technique) was studied by thermal analysis (DTA and TGA), X-ray diffraction, FTIR and NMR spectroscopies, and specific surface area measurements. Between 400 and 900°C, γ- and δ-aluminas were formed showing aluminium vacancies preferentially located in tetrahedral sites. The atomic rearrangements produced during α-alumina formation are oriented to the progressive elimination of tetrahedral aluminium in the ultimate phase. The evolution of the specific surface area during heating is explained by changes in structure and microstructure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1022674107059
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Velocity field in the galactic plane (1989)
    Springer
    Astrophysics and space science 156 (1989), S. 19-28 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-946X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract In this paper we present a study of the velocity components of the local centroids in the galactic plane for a point-axial stellar system model in a non-stationary state and with an equatorial plane of symmetry. The main results obtained are: (1) A displacement and attenuation of the maximum of the velocity-distance curve for different values of the θ direction. (2) The existence of expansion and contraction zones in the galactic plane.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00646340
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Infrared and electron microprobe analysis of tourmalines (1988)
    Springer
    Physics and chemistry of minerals 15 (1988), S. 452-460 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2021
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Infrared and electron microprobe analysis of natural tourmalines from the dravite-schorl and elbaite-schorl series were carried out. The infrared study differentiates between OH groups located at the centre of hexagonal rings and those which are placed between hexagonal pillars and are coordinated to two Al ions. The correlation of infrared spectra with chemical composition of tourmalines made possible the assignment of different OH stretching bands to the more frequent octahedral cation associations. The study of the thermal dehydroxylation of tourmalines in air indentified the IR bands corresponding to OH bonded to Fe+2 ions in AlAlFe, AlFeLi or FeFeFe environments. The change in intensity of the OH absorption lines with the sample orientation has permitted the identification of several orientations of the OH bond axes. Electron microprobe analysis of zoned coloured samples has shown that the Fe, Mn distribution is partially ordered in some samples of the elbaite-schorl series.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00311124
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration from barley cultivars grown in Spain (1998)
    Springer
    Plant cell reports 17 (1998), S. 902-906 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-203X
    Keywords: Key words Barley ; Somatic embryogenesis ; Plant regeneration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Thirty-two barley cultivars grown in Spain, 18 of the two-row type and 14 of the six-row type, were screened for plant regeneration from cultured immature embryos. Although there was much variation in regeneration capacity among the cultivars, plants were obtained from all cultivars except Almunia. No statistical differences were found in the percentage of regeneration between two- and six-row types. The influence of the auxins 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, dicamba, and picloram on the induction and maintenance of embryogenesis and regeneration capacity after 3–4 months in culture, were evaluated for cultivars Cobra, Hop and Reinette. Hop had the highest rates of maintenance of embryogenic capacity and plant regeneration. The medium containing dicamba gave the best embryogenic callus induction, maintenance and regeneration. Five regeneration media, differing in growth regulators and micronutrient composition, as well as partial desiccation of the calli before regeneration, were tested. The regeneration medium containing 10 μm copper sulfate gave the best results. Regeneration frequencies after 3–4 months in culture of cultivar Hop were raised from 59.5 to 93.7% in this medium. Silver nitrate and partial desiccation of the calli also enhanced plant regeneration, but the medium containing 10 μm of silver nitrate reduced root formation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002990050506
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