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  • Life and Medical Sciences  (18)
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (18)
  • PANGAEA
  • Springer Science + Business Media
  • 1995-1999  (8)
  • 1985-1989  (10)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spinal cord central canal of the German shepherd dog: Morphological, histological, and ultrastructural considerations (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 224 (1995), S. 205-212 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: This study deals with some macroscopical, microscopical, and ultrastructural aspects of the spinal cord central canal of the German shepherd dog. The caudal end of the spinal cord is constituted by the conus medullaris, which may extend to the first sacral vertebra, the terminal ventricle, and the filum terminale. The latter structure is considered as internum (second to third sacral vertebrae) or externum (fifth caudal vertebra), according to its relation to the dura mater. Occasionally, there is a second anchorage which is close to the level of the sixth caudal vertebra. The central canal is surrounded by a ciliated ependymal epithelium, which differs depending upon the levels. The most caudal part of the filum terminale bears a columnar ciliated ependymal epithelium surrounded by two layers of glia and pia mater, which separate the central canal from the subarachnoid space. Microfil injections show a communication between the cavity and the subarachnoid space, as the plastic is able to pass through the ependymal epithelium. At the level of the terminal ventricle there are real separations of the ependymal epithelium, which seem to connect the lumen of the spinal canal with the subarachnoid space. These structures probably constitute one of the drainage pathways of the cerebrospinal fluid. The diameter of the central canal is related to the age of the animal. However, even in very old animals the spinal cord central canal reaches the tip of the filum terminale and remains patent until death. At the ultrastructural level the ependymal cells present villi, located on cytoplasmic projections, cilia, dense mitochondria, and oval nuclei. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1052240209
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Location of the rostral end of the longitudinal brain axis: Review of an old topic in the light of marking experiments on the closing rostral neuropore (1987)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 194 (1987), S. 163-171 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The rostral end of the forebrain was classically defined on the basis of descriptive data. Different assumptions on the mode of closure of the rostral neuropore caused three different theories of the rostral end of the forebrain to be formulated (His 1893a; von Kupffer, '06; Johnston, '09). Some recent descriptive and experimental data have put these theories into question.A piece of black nylon thread was inserted through the rostral neuropore of chick embryos and was fixed to its ventral lip. These operations were done at all intermediate stages during the process of closure of the rostral neuropore. The embryos were sacrificed at a later stage, by which time the neuropore had disappeared.In the cleared specimens the threads always lay at the same site, namely the upper border of lamina terminalis, irrespective of the stage at which the marker was inserted. These results stand against His's conception ((1893a, b) of a sutura terminalis and support the single mechanism of sutura dorsalis during closure of the rostral neuropore. The marking data therefore imply that the topologic rostral end of the forebrain lies at the upper limit of lamina terminalis, as proposed by von Kupffer, '06).
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051940205
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microscopic study of the pyloric caeca of the starfish Marthasterias glacialis (Echinodermata): Finding of endocrine cells (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 202 (1989), S. 151-164 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The ultrastructure of five epithelial cellular types is described. (1) Absorptive-storing cells possess a striated border and accumulate lipids and glycogen. They also contain an apical multivesicular complex and numerous membrane-bound PAS-positive granules of unknown significance. (2) Zymogenic cells contain numerous, large secretory granules. These cells also possess microvilli and accumulate lipid droplets. (3) Current-producing cells contain bundles of thick and thin myofilaments and extend from the basal lamina to the lumen. (4) Mucous cells display the characteristic features of such secretory cells. (5) In addition to these four cellular types, already observed under the light microscope by other authors, endocrine cells have also been identified by both light and electron microscope. They contain variable amounts of secretory granules of diverse sizes and electron densities. Immunocytochemical studies reveal the presence of cells immunoreactive to somatostatin, glucagon, and pancreatic polypeptide. Intraepithelial nerve fibers in contact with endocrine cells are also present. As far as we know, this appears to be the first description of enteroendocrine cells in the phylum Echinodermata.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1052020203
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intrinsic organization of the medial cerebral cortex of the lizard Lacerta pityusensis: A golgi study (1987)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 194 (1987), S. 275-286 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The morphology of cells and the organization of axons were studied in Golgi-Colonnier and toluidine blue stained preparations from the medial cerebral cortex of the lizard Lacerta pityusensis. In the medial cortex, six strata were distinguished between the superficial glial membrane and the ependyma. Strata I and II formed the outer plexiform layer, stratum III formed the cellular layer, and strata IV go VI the inner plexiform layer. The outer plexiform layer contained smooth bipolar neurons; their dendrites were oriented anteroposteriorly and their axons were directed towards the posterior zone of the brain. Five neuronal types were observed in the cellular layer. The spinous pyramidal neurons had well-developed apical dendrites and poorly developed basal ones. Their axons entered the inner plexiform layer and gave off collaterals oriented anteroposteriorly. The small, sparsely spinous pyramidal neurons had poorly developed dendrites and their axons entered the inner plexiform layer. The spinous bitufted neurons had well-developed apical and basal dendritic tufts. Their axons gave off collaterals that reached the outer and inner plexiform layers of both the dorsomedial and dorsal cortices. The sparsely spinous horizontal neurons had dendrites restricted to the outer plexiform layer. Their axons entered the inner plexiform layer. The sparsely spinous, multipolar neurons had their soma close to stratum IV and their axons entered the outer plexiform layer. In stratum V of the inner plexiform layer were large, spiny polymorphic neurons; they had dendrites with long spines, and their axons reached the cellular layer. On the basis of these results, we have subdivided the medial cortex into two subregions: the superficial region, which contains the neurons of the cellular layer and their dendritic domains, and the deep region, strata V and VI, which contains the large, spiny polymorphic neurons. The neurons in the medial cortex of these lizards resembles those in the area dentata of mammals. On this basis, the superficial region may be compared to the dentate gyrus and the deep region to the hilar region of the hippocampus of mammals.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051940307
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sphingosine inhibits phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate-, but not serum-induced, activation of Na+/H+ exchange in mammalian cells (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 139 (1989), S. 125-130 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Addition of serum to quiescent mammalian cells in culture initiates a series of events which culminates in DNA replication and cell division. One of the earliest events in this sequence of events is activation of Na+/H+ exchange, which can result in an increase in intracellular pH (pHin). The regulation of this change in activity is not known. Since treatment of 3T3 cells with activators of protein kinase C (kinase C) can result in an increased pHin, it has been hypothesized that serum stimulation of kinase C is responsible for activation of Na+/H+ exchange. Recently, sphingolipids have been discovered to inhibit kinase C both in vitro and in vivo. Therefore, we undertook the present study to ask whether or not inhibition of kinase C using sphingolipids prevents mitogen-induced alkalinization in 3T3 cells. Our results indicate that activators of kinase C stimulate Na+/H+ exchange in normal human fibroblasts (BoGi), but not in mouse embryo (3T3) cells. Addition of serum to BoGi cells, on top of saturating doses of phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), results in a further cytoplasmic alkalinization. Furthermore, sphingosine prevents the PMA-induced increase in pHin in BoGi cells, and phosphorylation of an 80 kDa protein in 3T3 cells, but not the serum-induced alkalinization in either BoGi or 3T3 cells. These data indicate that activation of kinase C does not participate in the physiological activation of Na+/H+ exchange in human fibroblasts or mouse embryo cells by serum.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1041390118
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Prostate-derived soluble factors block osteoblast differentiation in culture (1996)
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 61 (1996), S. 18-25 
    Details
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: osteoblasts ; calvaria ; invasion ; prostate ; PC-3 cells ; differentiation ; metastasis ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Bone metastasis is a common event and a major cause of morbidity in prostate cancer patients. After colonization of bone, prostate cells induce an osteoblastic reaction which is not associated with marrow fibrosis (i.e., osteoblast but not fibroblast proliferation). In the present study we test the hypothesis that the tumoral prostatic cell line (PC-3) secretes factors that block the osteoblast differentiation process, resulting in an increase of the relative size of the proliferative cell pool. Our results, using fetal rat calvaria cells in culture, show that conditioned medium from PC-3 cells (PC-3 CM) stimulates osteoblast proliferation and inhibits both alkaline phosphatase (AP) activity (an early differentiation marker) and the mineralization process, measured as calcium accumulation (late differentiation marker). The inhibition of the expression of AP and mineralization depends on the presence of PC-3 CM during the proliferative phase of culture and suggests that both processes occur in a nonsimultaneous fashion. The inhibitory effect of PC-3 CM was not reverted by dexamethasone, which would indicate that prostatic-derived factors and the glucocorticoid do not share a common site of action. Measurement of the proliferative capacity of subcultures from control and treated cells demonstrates that PC-3 CM treatment induces the maintenance of the proliferative potential that characterizes undifferentiated precursor cells. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification of functional insulin-like growth factor-II/mannose-6-phosphate receptors in isolated bone cells (1995)
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 59 (1995), S. 246-257 
    Details
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: osteoblasts ; insulin-like growth factor-I ; calcium signaling ; fura 2 ; digital imaging ; receptor crosslinking ; Northern analysis ; Scatchard analysis ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: The role of the IGF-II/cation independent mannose-6-phosphate (IGF-II/M6P) receptor in the transduction of cellular effects evoked by IGF-II has been extensively debated in the literature. Many reports suggest that IGF-II transduces its effects through the IGF-I receptor, while others show that IGF-II utilizes the type II receptor to affect cellular activity. This study (1) verifies the presence of the IGF-II/M6P receptor in rat calvarial osteoblasts, and (2) evaluates the ability of the receptor to initiate intracellular single. Using conventional receptor binding assays, it was found that osteoblasts bind IGF-II with high affinity. Scatchard analyses indicated that there are 5.08 × 104 IGF-II/M6P receptor per osteoblast with a Kd near (2.0 nM). The receptor protein was further identified by cross-linking with 125I-IGF-II. Northern analysis was used to identify an mRNA transcript for the IGF-II/M6P receptor protein. To examine if the IGF-II/M6P receptor can initiate second messenger signals, the ability of IGF-II to evoke Ca2+ transients was evaluated. Osteoblasts pretreated with IGF-I did not lose their ability to respond to IGF-II. Further, a polyclonal antibody against the rat IGF-II/M6P receptor (R-II-PAB1) (1) was able to evoke its own Ca2+ response, and (2) was able to block the generation of Ca2+ transients caused by IGF-II. The data in this report show that the osteoblastic Ca2+ response to IGF-II appears to be caused by an intracellular release of Ca2+ which is mediated by the IGF-II/M6P receptor making it possible to envision how the receptor may be an important modulator of osteoblast mediated osteogenesis. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcb.240590213
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Morphogenesis of the prehensile autopodium in the common chameleon (Chamaeleo Chamaeleo) (1987)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 194 (1987), S. 187-194 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: This report documents the development of the autopodium of the common chameleon (Chamaeleo chamaeleo) using light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. Three main periods were distinguished during the morphogenesis of this structure. In the first period (stages 33-35 of chameleon development) the autopodium is paddle-shaped with a prominent apical ectodermal ridge (AER) along the distal margin. During this period the AER has structural features similar to other reptilian and avian vertebrates except for the scarcity or absence of gap junctions. The second period of autopodium morphogenesis (stage 36 of chameleon development) is characterized by the formation of a central cleft which divides this structure into two digital segments. In the forelimb the autopodial cleft occupies the space between digits 3 and 4. In the hindlimb the cleft occupies the space between digits 2 and 3. Mesenchymal cell death constitutes a constant feature during cleft formation. In addition to cell death during this process, we have observed that the AER flattens out in the zone of cleft formation while in the digital portions of the autopodium it takes on a polystratified appearance. In the last period of autopodial morphogenesis (stage 37 of chameleon development) digits become free by means of interdigital mesenchymal cell death.
    Additional Material: 17 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051940207
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Differential constitutive expression of interferon genes in early mouse embryos (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Molecular Reproduction and Development 41 (1995), S. 157-166 
    Details
    ISSN: 1040-452X
    Keywords: Gene regulation ; Interferon ; Transcription ; Transcription factors ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Recent evidence suggests that several processes during mammalian embryogenesis may be regulated by IFNs or IFN-like molecules. With the use of MAPPing, the simultaneous presence of transcripts homologous to IFN-α, IFN-β, IRF-1, and IRF-2 was examined in mouse embryos and in embryonal carcinoma (EC) P19 cells, which are equivalent to epiblast cells of the early postimplantation blastocyst. Transcripts for IFN-α, but not for IFN-β, were detected as maternal transcripts in the ovulated oocyte and persisted over early embryogenesis. IRF-1 transcripts appeared only after the first cell cleavage in the two-cell stage embryo. IRF-2 transcripts were analyzed only in EC P19 cells and were found in both undifferentiated (D-) and differentiated (D+) cells. The IFN-α transcripts present in (D-) P19 cells were cloned and the partial cDNA sequences determined. Mu IFN-αA and a new Mu IFN-α species (Mu IFN-α12) were isolated from (D-) P19 cells. The presence of constitutive IFN-α transcripts in early mouse embryos suggests a role for these molecules during embryogenesis. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrd.1080410206
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intracellular acidification inhibits the proliferative response in BALB/c-3T3 cells (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 136 (1988), S. 161-167 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: One of the earliest events to occur upon the addition of serum to quiescent cells is an increase in the intracellular pH (pHin). The relationship between this pH change and proliferation is not known. In the present study, we investigate the consequences of acidifying the cytosol using the weak acid, 5′, 5″-dimethyl oxazolidine 2,4-dione (DMO). At a concentration of 50 mM, DMO inhibits the serum-induced increases in pHin, DNA synthesis, and cell number. This concentration of DMO is shown not to inhibit the steady-state rate of mitochondrial respiration and not to inhibit DNA synthesis in a pH-independent fashion. The effects of DMO treatments are also shown to be reversible, indicating that this compound is not cytotoxic. These observations indicate that DMO inhibits cell proliferation by lowering intracellular pH. One important event that must occur prior to the initiation of DNA synthesis is an elevated rate of protein synthesis. The rate of protein synthesis in situ is extremely pH sensitive. Addition of 50 mM DMO to serum-stimulated cultures reduces the rate of leucine incorporation to unstimulated levels. These observations suggest that cytoplasmic acidification may inhibit proliferation through its effects on protein synthesis.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1041360121
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