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  • Springer  (15)
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (3)
  • Meteorological Society of Japan
  • 1995-1999  (10)
  • 1985-1989  (8)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Proton dissociation constants of benzoylacetone and isonitrosobenzoylacetone in aqueous dioxane media (1987)
    Springer
    Monatshefte für Chemie 118 (1987), S. 931-946 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-4475
    Keywords: Dielectric constants ; Ionization constants ; Mixed solvents
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es wurden die thermodynamischen Protonen-Dissoziationskonstanten (TpKa) von Benzoylaceton (HBA) und Isonitrosobenzoylaceton (HINBA)pH-metrisch in 10–50% (v/v) Dioxan-Wasser-Mischungen bei 25 und 35 ± 0.01°C bestimmt, wobei eine empirischepH-Korrektur für das gemischt-wäßrige Medium angewendet wurde. DiepKa-Werte in wäßrigem Medium (0% Dioxan) folgen aus der Extrapolation und der Methode kleinster Fehlerquadrate. SowohlHBA als auchHINBA sind sehr schwache monoprotische Säuren mitTpKa zwischen 7.0 und 10.0. DieTpKa's variieren nicht linear mit der reziproken Dielektrizitätskonstante des Mediums, ein DiagrammTpKa gegen Molenbruch Dioxan ergibt jedoch für eine konstante Temperatur eine Gerade. Die „wahre Konstante“Ka' und die Solvatationszahln des Ausdrucks (H+)(A −)/(HA)=Ka'(S) n =Ka* wurde aus den experimentellen Daten für beide Reagentien errechnet. Die thermodynamischen Parameter ΔG°, ΔH° und ΔS° wurden ebenfalls bestimmt, Temperatur- und Lösungsmitteleffekte werden diskutiert.
    Notes: Abstract Thermodynamic proton dissociation constants,TpKa of benzoylacetone(HBA) as well as isonitrosobenzoylacetone (HINBA) have been determinedpH-metrically in 10–50% (v/v) dioxane-water mixtures at 25 and 35±0.01°C applying an empiricalpH correction for mixed aqueous media. ThepKa's in aqueous medium (at 0% dioxane) are obtained following the method of extrapolation and least-squares. BothHBA andHINBA are very weak monoprotic acids withTpKa between 7.0 and 10.0.TpKa's do not vary linearly with the reciprocal of the dielectric constant of the medium, but a plot ofTpKa vs. the mole fraction of dioxane is linear at a given temperature. The “true constant”Ka' and solvation number,n, in the expression (H+)(A −)/(HA)=Ka' (S) n =Ka* for these reagents have been evaluated by analysing the experimental data mathematically. Values of ΔG 0, ΔH 0, and ΔS 0 are also computed. Temperature and medium effects are briefly discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00815320
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Air-sea-land interactions: Global and regional habitability (1985)
    Springer
    Origins of life and evolution of the biospheres 15 (1985), S. 353-363 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0875
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract We first suggest that the air-sea interactions and the air-land interactions are the most important mechanisms for thechanges in the atmosphere-ocean-biosphere system at the time-scales of 10−1–102 years. Due to very wide range of space and time-scales at which these interactions operate, and because of their nonlinearities, considerable interannual fluctuations can be produced even without any external (or anthropogenic) forcing. We present some examples of the observed changes in the atmosphere, ocean and land surface properties and describe the abilities and limitations of our current models to simulate these changes. We propose a method for calculating the ‘natural variability’ of the atmosphere-ocean-biosphere system and suggest possible techniques for detecting the changes caused by external anthropogenic factors. It is obvious that we are going to be limited in our ability to detect the changes due to external or anthropogenic factors unless we clearly understand the structure and the magnitude of the natural variability of the atmosphere-ocean-biosphere system. We further suggest that much before we are faced with the problems of global habitability, there will be severe problems of regional habitability. This occurs either due to regional nature of the forcing functions or amplified regional response of a global forcing function.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01808179
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modelling the depletion and conservation of forestry resources: effects of population and pollution (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of mathematical biology 36 (1997), S. 71-94 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1416
    Keywords: Key words: Depletion ; Conservation ; Population ; Pollution ; Stability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract.  In this paper, a mathematical model is proposed to study the depletion of resources in a forest habitat due to the increase of both population and pollution. It is shown that if the rate of pollutant emission into the environment is either population dependent, constant, or periodic, the equilibrium biomass density of the resource settles down to a lower equilibrium than its original carrying capacity, the magnitude of which decreases as the equilibrium levels of the density of population and the concentration of pollutant increase. However, in the case of an instantaneous spill of pollutant into the environment, the equilibrium biomass density decreases with the increase of the equilibrium density of population only. It is found that if the population density and the emission rate of pollutant increase without control, the forestry resource may become extinct. A conservation model is also proposed, the analysis of which shows that the resource biomass can be maintained at a desired level by conserving the forestry resource and by controlling the growth of population and the emission rate of pollutant in the habitat.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002850050091
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Graft copolymerization of methyl methacrylate onto wool initiated by ceric ammonium nitrate-thioglycolic acid redox couple in presence of air. IV (1987)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 25 (1987), S. 595-605 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The graft copolymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) onto wool initiated by ceric ammonium nitrate (CAN)-thioglycolic acid (TGA) redox couple has been studied at 55 ± 0.2°C under atmospheric oxygen. Grafted copolymer was characterized by IR spectroscopy, scanning electron micrographs, and thermogravimetric analysis. Effect of amines, acid, alkali, oxidizing, and reducing agents were determined experimentally. The molecular weights of grafted poly(methyl methacrylate) and homopolymer was also evaluated.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1987.080250213
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reversed-phase partition chromatographic separation of minor actinides with bis(2-ethylhexyl) sulfoxide from acidic nitrate PUREX waste solutions (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of radioanalytical and nuclear chemistry 191 (1995), S. 291-303 
    Details
    ISSN: 1588-2780
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract The uptake behavior of U(VI), Pu(IV), Am(III) and a few long-lived fission products from nitric acid media by bis(2-ethylhexyl) sulfoxide (BESO) adsorbed on Chromosorb has been studied U(VI), Pu(IV) and Zr(IV) are taken up appreciably as compared to trivalent actinides/lanthanides including some coexisting fission product contaminants which are weakly sorbed on the column. Chromosorb could be loaded with (1.12±0.03) g of BESO per g of the support. Maximum sorption is observed around 4–5 mol·dm−3 HNO3 for both U(VI) and Pu(IV), which are sorbed as their disolvates. The elution of (U(VI) and Pu(IV) from the metal loaded sorbent has also been optimized. Desorption of U(VI) is easily accomplished with dilute nitric acid (ca. 0.01 mol·dm−3)while Pu(IV) is reductively stripped with 0.1 mol·dm−3 NH2OH·HCl. Effective sequential separation of U(VI), Pu(IV) and Am(III) from their several admixtures could be readily achieved from real medium and low level active acidic process raffinates.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02038225
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Extraction of uranium (VI), plutonium (IV) and some fission products by tri-iso-amyl phosphate (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of radioanalytical and nuclear chemistry 219 (1997), S. 61-67 
    Details
    ISSN: 1588-2780
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract The extractive properties of tri-isoamyl-phosphate (TAP), an indigenously prepared extractant, and the loading capacity of extraction solvent containing TAP for U(VI) and Pu(IV) ions in nitric solution have been investigated. The dependence of the distribution ratio on the concentration of nitric acid showed that TAP has an ability to extract these actinides, while the fission product contaminants are poorly extracted. The distribution data revealed a quantitative extraction of both U(VI) and Pu(IV) from moderate nitric acidities in the range 2–7 mol · dm−3. Slope analysis proved predominant formation of the disolvated organic phase complex of the type UO2(NO3). 2TAP and Pu(NO3)4·2TAP with U(VI) and PU(IV), respectively. On the contrary, the extraction of fission product contaminants such as144Ce,137Cs,9Nb.,147Pr,106Ru,95Zr was almost negligible even at very high nitric acid concentrations in the aqueous phase indicating its potential application in actinide partitioning. The recovery of TAP from the loaded actinides could be easily accomplished by using a dilute sodium carbonate solution or acidified distiled water (≈0.01 mol · dm−3 HNO3) as the strippant for U(VI) and using uranous nitrate or ferrous sulphamate as that for Pu(IV). Radiation stability of TAP was adequate for most of the process applications.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02040266
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electron irradiation studies on ammonium molybdophosphate (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of radioanalytical and nuclear chemistry 189 (1995), S. 107-114 
    Details
    ISSN: 1588-2780
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Ammonium molybdophosphate (AMP) was irradiated with electrons up to a dose of 1 MGy. X-ray diffraction patterns and FT-IR of irradiated and control AMP samples were recorded. Uptake of137Cs from nitric acid in the range of 0.2 to 10 mol·dm−3 was estimated by a batch equilibration technique. AMP undergoes perceptible changes in its physico-chemical characteristics on irradiation with electrons. Uptake of137Cs from nitric acid by irradiated AMP was nearly the same as the control AMP in the nitric acid concentration range of 6 to 10 mol·dm−3 and relatively higher in the range of 0.2 to 6 mol·dm−3. The results are discussed in terms of available information on the physicochemical properties of 12-heteropoly acids and their salts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02040188
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A highly sensitive extractive-photometric method for the micro determination of americium(III) from concentrated nitric acid media with Arsenazo-III as the chromogenic reagent (1986)
    Springer
    Journal of radioanalytical and nuclear chemistry 100 (1986), S. 83-89 
    Details
    ISSN: 1588-2780
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract A highly sensitive and rapid method has been developed for the extraction-spectrophotometric determination of ultra trace amounts of americium. Americium(III) is selectively extracted from 1–10M HNO3 medium with a mixture of (0.3M HDEHP+0.1M P2O5), both dissolved in xylene, and finally estimated in the organic phase itself absorptiometrically employing Arsenazo-III as the chromogenic reagent. A 60% dioxaneethanol mixture was used for optium colour development. Beer's law is obeyed in the concentration range 0.1–0.7 μg Am cm−3 and as little as 0.11 μg Am cm−3 could be determined with a precision better than ±2%. The molar absorptivity based on Am content is (3.599±0.049)·105 dm3·mol−1·cm−1 at 648 nm which is incidentally the highest value reported as yet for its determination. The optimum concentration range, evaluated by Ringbom's method is 0.1–0.6 ppm Am. Common contaminants such as Al3+, Co2+, Cr3+, Fe3+, Ni2+, Zr4+, F−, NO3 −, and SO 4 2- in fairly large quantities and moderate amounts of Pu4+, Th4+ and UO 2 2+ cause no interference in the final assay. Colour development is almost instantaneous and its intensity remains virtually constant for at least 48 hours.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02036502
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of the nature of organic diluents on the extraction of uranium(VI) by bis(2-ethylhexyl) sulfoxide from nitric acid solutions (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of radioanalytical and nuclear chemistry 207 (1996), S. 93-105 
    Details
    ISSN: 1588-2780
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract The extraction of uranium(VI) from nitric acid solutions by bis(2-ethylhexyl) sulfoxide (BESO) has been examined using sixteen inert organic diluents in order to establish the correlation between its distribution coefficient and some physico-chemical properties of the diluents. The extracted solvated species is shown to be UO2(NO3)2·2BESO, irrespective of their nature. The extraction rate is lower in halogen substituted hydrocarbons as compared to the other diluents used. Among benzene derivatives, extraction is found to decrease with number of substituted methyl groups. Extraction efficiency decreases as the organic solvent is varied in the order: benzene〉nitromethane〉toluene〉 〉nitrobenzene〉cyclohexane〉p-xylene〉monochlorobenzene〉dodecane〉o-dichlorobenzene〉 〉hexane〉decalin〉1,2-dichloroethane〉1,1,1-trichloroethane〉carbon tetrachloride〉 〉tetrachloroethane〉chloroform. Among the properties showing good correlations with distribution coefficient are Hansen's three-dimensional solubility parameters and Dimroth's empirical solvent polarity parameters [E T(30) ]. Polarizability indices are most satisfactorily applicable to a wide variety of solvents.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02036529
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Graft copolymerization of poly(butyl methacrylate) onto wool in the presence of air and nitrogen atmosphere. II (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 38 (1989), S. 291-295 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Poly(butyl methacrylate) (PBMA) was grafted onto wool in the presence of air and nitrogen atmosphere using potassium bromate and thioaceticacid (TAA) as redox initiating system, under different reaction conditions. The percentage grafting and percentage efficiency have been determined as a function of various reaction variables and the results have been compared. The graftcopolymer was characterized by scanning electron micrograph, thermogravimetry, and molecular weight.
    Additional Material: 7 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1989.070380210
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