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  • Springer  (25)
  • 1995-1999  (15)
  • 1985-1989  (10)
  • 1930-1934
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  • 1
    ISSN: 1572-879X
    Keywords: n-butane oxidation ; maleic anhydride ; VPO catalysts ; promoters ; supported vanadia catalysts
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The oxidation of n-butane to maleic anhydride was investigated over model Nb‐, Si‐, Ti‐, V‐, and Zr‐promoted bulk VPO and supported vanadia catalysts. The promoters were concentrated in the surface region of the bulk VPO catalysts. For the supported vanadia catalysts, the vanadia phase was present as a two‐dimensional metal oxide overlayer on the different oxide supports (TiO2, ZrO2, Nb2O5, Al2O3, and SiO2). No correlation was found between the electronegativity of the promoter or oxide support cation and the catalytic properties of these two catalytic systems. The maleic anhydride selectivity correlated with the Lewis acidity of the promoter cations and oxide supports. Both promoted bulk VPO and supported vanadia catalysts containing surface niobia species were the most active and selective to maleic anhydride. These findings suggest that the activation of n-butane on both the bulk and supported vanadia catalysts probably requires both surface redox and acid sites, and that the acidity also plays an important role in controlling further kinetic steps of n-butane oxidation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 42 (1986), S. 91-91 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 42 (1986), S. 94-94 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 55 (1999), S. 204-213 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Key words. Signal transduction; MAP kinase; protein kinase; phosphorylation.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways are modules involved in the transduction of extracellular signals to intracellular targets in all eukaryotes. Distinct MAPK pathways are regulated by different extracellular stimuli and are implicated in a wide variety of biological processes. In plants there is evidence for MAPKs playing a role in the signaling of abiotic stresses, pathogens and plant hormones. The large number and divergence of plant MAPKs indicates that this ancient mechanism of bioinformatics is extensively used in plants and may provide a new molecular handle on old questions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 184 (1999), S. 403-412 
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Keywords: Key words Emmetropization ; Myopia ; Dopamine ; 6-Hydroxy-dopamine ; Crystalline lens
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We investigated the suitability of fishes as animal models to study the involvement of the retinal dopaminergic system in the visually guided control of eye growth (emmetropization). Advantages of such a model system are (i) that all dopaminergic cells in the retina can be destroyed without apparent damage to other neurons, (ii) simple optical design and short depth of field of the eye, and (iii) continuous growth throughout life. Depleting the retina of dopamine in Aequidens pulcher (Cichlidae) had no apparent effect on refractive state, since size and focal length of the eye were reduced by the same amount. Furthermore, imposed defocus was compensated at a normal rate in spite of the absence of retinal dopamine. In A. pulcher, the dopaminergic system of the retina thus appears not to have an essential role in emmetropization. Our results furthermore suggest that in eyes of more complicated optical design, manipulation of the retinal dopaminergic system may lead to unrelated effects indistinguishable from direct interference with emmetropization. A major disadvantage of the fish model was that refractive state of the eye could not be measured accurately in vivo with standard methods.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1420-9039
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Experiments in fluids 22 (1997), S. 265-267 
    ISSN: 1432-1114
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract  The phase-averaging window size is shown to affect the measurement of phase-averaged turbulence quantities in unsteady turbulent flows. The flow turbulence is usually estimated on the assumption of quasi-constant flow velocity during the duration of the phase-averaging window. The calculated turbulence level then consists of two parts: one due to the turbulent velocity fluctuations and the other due to the changes in the mean flow velocity. This second part is shown to be directly proportional to the averaging window size. In order to determine the true turbulence the averaging window size has to be made as small as possible, especially if the unsteady flow exhibits large temporal gradients and the flow turbulence itself is small.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Experiments in fluids 4 (1986), S. 296-300 
    ISSN: 1432-1114
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract If floating element balances are used to measure skin friction in a large pressure gradient, the pressure forces on the floating element introduce severe errors. It was shown by Frei (1979) that this deficiency can be overcome by sealing the gap with a liquid, held in place by the surface tension. The forces due to the surface tension can be calculated for a given geometry and pressure field. In the present paper, experiments are described which show that the calculations are correct and that the errors due to surface tension can be made very small compared with the skin friction force.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 31 (1996), S. 459-464 
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: cell cycle ; cyclins ; cyclin-dependent ; protein kinases ; retioblastoma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: serine/threonine protein kinase ; Shaggy ; glycogen synthase kinase-3
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract We report here the isolation of the Arabidopsis thaliana gene AtK-1. The predicted protein sequence of AtK-1 show 70% identity to the Arabidopsis ASK and alfalfa MsK kinases that are homologs of the Drosophila shaggy and rat GSK-3 serine/threonine protein kinases playing an important role in signal transduction processes in animals. Northern analysis of different organs revealed exclusive expression in inflorescences suggesting an involvement of the AtK-1 kinase in reproduction-specific processes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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