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  • 1
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    Response of the upper atmosphere to variations in the solar soft x-ray irradiance (1995)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Terrestrial far ultraviolet (FUV) airglow emissions have been suggested as a means for remote sensing the structure of the upper atmosphere. The energy which leads to the excitation of FUV airglow emissions is solar irradiance at extreme ultraviolet (EUV) and soft x-ray wavelengths. Solar irradiance at these wavelengths is known to be highly variable; studies of nitric oxide (NO) in the lower thermosphere have suggested a variability of more than an order of magnitude in the solar soft x-ray irradiance. To properly interpret the FUV airflow, the magnitude of the solar energy deposition must be known. Previous analyses have used the electron impact excited Lyman-Birge-Hopfield (LBH) bands of N2 to infer the flux of photoelectrons in the atmosphere and thus to infer the magnitude of the solar irradiance. This dissertation presents the first simultaneous measurements of the FUV airglow, the major atmospheric constituent densities, and the solar EUV and soft x-ray irradiances. The measurements were made on three flights of an identical sounding rocket payload at different levels of solar activity. The linear response in brightness of the LBH bands to variations in solar irradiance is demonstrated. In addition to the N2 LBH bands, atomic oxygen lines at 135.6 and 130.4 nm are also studied. Unlike the LBH bands, these emissions undergo radiative transfer effects in the atmosphere. The OI emission at 135.6 nm is found to be well modeled using a radiative transfer calculation and the known excitation processes. Unfortunately, the assumed processes leading to OI 130.4 nm excitation are found to be insufficient to reproduce the observed variability of this emission. Production of NO in the atmosphere is examined; it is shown that a lower than previously reported variability in the solar soft x-ray irradiance is required to explain the variability of NO.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA-CR-200094 , NAS 1.26:200094 , NIPS-96-07663
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  • 2
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    Transport of trace species deduced from LIMS observations (1985)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: One of the critical problems in the middle atmosphere at this time is understanding the interaction between atmospheric motions and photochemistry, and the way in which these two processes maintain the distributions of photochemically active species such as ozone. Recent work has shown that a great deal can be learned by considering the zonally averaged distributions and transports, i.e., working in the latitude-altitude plane. This 2-dimensional approach has been used in the past in Eulerian formation. Recent work (DUNKERTON, 1978) has shown that formulating the transport problems in terms of the residual mean circulation, which has similarity to the Lagrangian mean motion, results in a more physical picture of the way in which the transport takes place. Here, data from the Limb Infrared Monitor of the Stratosphere (LIMB) experiment are used to investigate how well the residual mean formulation works with real data, in the sense of asking how well the predicted ozone changes match those in regions of the lower stratosphere in which chemical changes may be neglected. This allows a test of the approximations that are made, and of the strengths and weaknesses of this approach to transport calculation.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: International Council of Scientific Unions Handbook for MAP, Vol. 18; 3 p
    Format: text
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  • 3
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    Some Opinions on Remote Sensing and Geologic Studies (1985)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-09-19
    Description: The principal role of remote sensing data in geologic studies is as a source of geologic information from which meaningful geologic interpretations can be made. Remote sensing data are important in sedimentary basin analysis and other geologic studies as independent and sometimes unique sources of important lithologic and structural information; however, their greatest benefit to exploration-oriented investigations may come when these data are used with other relevant data in a digital database approach to exploration. Modern computer technology facilitates the rapid integration and synthesis of satellite, topographic, gravity, aeromagnetic, geochemical, and other data collected from a given region. Once such data are geometrically registered, they can be digitally processed, within the constraints of defined geologic models, to rapidly identify, and focus further exploration efforts on, target areas that have the greatest potential for success.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: JPL Rept. of the Workshop on Geol. Appl. of Remote Sensing to the Study of Sedimentary Basins; p 29-30
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  • 4
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    Revised reference model for nitric acid (1989)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: A nearly global set of data on the nitric acid distribution was obtained for seven months by the Limb Infrared Monitor of the Stratosphere (LIMS) experiment on the Nimbus 7 spacecraft. The evaluation of the accuracy, precision, and resolution of these data is described, and a description of the major features of the nitric acid distributions is presented. The zonal mean for nitric acid is distributed in a stratospheric layer that peaks near 30 mb, with the largest mixing ratios occurring in polar regions, especially in winter.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: International Council of Scientific Unions, Middle Atmosphere Program. Handbook for MAP. Volume 31: Reference Models of Trace Species for the COSPAR International Reference Atmosphere; p 85-98
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  • 5
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    Inversion of limb radiance measurements - An operational algorithm (1986)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: The limb radiance inversion radiometer (LRIR) and limb infrared monitor of the stratosphere (LIMS) experiments aboard the Nimbus 6 and 7 spacecraft have made observations of infrared emission by CO2, O3, H2O, HNO3, and NO2 at the earth's limb. This paper describes a method by which such measurements can be inverted to give vertical distributions of temperature and mixing ratios as functions of pressure. The simple and efficient approach was successfully applied to the LRIR data and subsequently in the initial assessment of the LIMS data. Inversion of synthetic data indicates the size of the errors to be expected as a result of the assumptions and instrumental errors. Retrievals of measured LIMS radiances are shown as examples and compared to in situ observations. The differences are comparable to those obtained with the more complex retrieval scheme used to process the LIMS archival products. Some problems are noted.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 91; 2757-277
    Format: text
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