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  • Chemistry  (25)
  • Cell & Developmental Biology  (2)
  • 1995-1999  (8)
  • 1965-1969  (19)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polymer degradation. V. Changes in molecular weight distributions during sonic irradiation of polyisobuteneProd. No. 1470 (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 11 (1967), S. 335-340 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Gel permeation chromatography was used to follow changes in the molecular weight distribution of a polyisobutene, initial Mv = 466,000, during degradation induced by sonic irradiation. Seven samples taken at times of 200-163,500 sec. were studied. In general, a steady decrease in molecular weight was observed, although a bimodal distribution was present after 20,000 sec. irradiation. Various measures of inhomogeneity, Mw/Mn, U, etc., were examined. The function, σn/Mw, where σn is the standard deviation of the number distribution, is considered as a measure of the relative distribution. It is shown to be almost constant throughout the degradation.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1967.070110302
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of block and random ethylene-propylene copolymers by differential thermal analysisPresented in part before the Division of Polymer Chemistry, 148th National Meeting of the American Chemical Society, Chicago, August 30-September 4, 1964. (1965)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 9 (1965), S. 3061-3069 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A group of C14-tagged ethylene and propylene polymers consisting of physical mixtures of homopolymers, block copolymers made up of two homopolymer sequences, and block copolymers made up of several homopolymer segments has been studied by differential thermal analysis (DTA). The effect of randomness in copolymers has also been studied in this set of systems, which contains 0-51 wt.-% ethylene. Block copolymers and physical mixtures have been found to have thermograms with endothermal minima at approximately 138 and 163°C. The ratio of heights of the two minima has been found to be a function of the ethylene and propylene content for mixtures of homopolymers and for block copolymers without randomness. DTA thus provides an analysis for monomer ratios in physical mixtures and in block copolymers of ethylene and propylene. The cooling thermograms of block copolymers have been demonstrated to have two exotherms in all cases where the block ethylene content exceeded 10%; the propylene limit was not fixed. Mixed homopolymers do not exhibit two freezing exotherms. The total heat of fusion of the polymer has been found to be a usable measure of chain randomness and block nature. The conditions for observation of single and multiple transitions have been extended.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1965.070090912
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structural characterization of vulcanizates. Part V. Determination of degree of chemical crosslinking of natural rubber gum vulcanizate networks (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 11 (1967), S. 2215-2226 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A general treatment is given of the methods to be used in other parts of this series for calculating the degree of chemical crosslinking in natural rubber vulcanizates from stress-strain measurements in extension and from equilibrium volume swelling measurements. Corrections are required for the presence in the vulcanizate of appreciable quantities of particulate solids or soluble diluents and for the introduction of foreign atoms into the rubber network. For this purpose distinction is made between the rubber vulcanizate, the rubber matrix, the rubber network, and the rubber hydrocarbon component of the network. Expressions are derived, in terms of these concepts, for the Money-Rivlin parameter, C1, measured on vulcanizates which have undergone various treatments.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1967.070111111
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Radiative transfer in photocatalytic systems (1996)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 42 (1996), S. 532-537 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Radiation absorption at the surface of catalytic particles is the initial step of photocatalytic oxidation reactions currently considered for their potential effectiveness in the treatment of polluted water with traces of highly toxic organics. Owing to the presence of catalyst particles within the fluid phase, the radiation field within a photocatalytic reactor results from the absorption and scattering within the participating medium. An annular reactor with a coaxial central lamp was considered, and the resulting 2-D radiation field was analyzed using a Monte Carlo technique to solve the radiative transfer equation. Results are discussed based on the relevant optical parameters, and a heuristic is derived for the design and rating of a photocatalytic reactor. To exploit the reaction volume effectively, the order of magnitude of the optical thickness should be close to unity, and for a given value of the absorption coefficient the catalyst with the lowest albedo should be selected; however, a precise evaluation of the phase function is not crucial to a relable representation of the radiation field.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690420222
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Water-oil displacements from porous media utilizing transient adhesion-tension alterations (1965)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 11 (1965), S. 617-624 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Previous laboratory studies have demonstrated that the injection of small quantities of reverse-wetting agents during water displacement can increase oil recovery from unconsolidated porous media. Hexylamine is a suitable reverse-wetting agent. It has been found that the effectiveness of this treatment increases with the quantity of amine injected (slug volume and/or amine concentration in the slug), and that treatments sufficient to stimulate oil production at high water flow rates did not do so at low flow rates. It has been established that the stimulation of oil production by this technique is accomplished by transient adhesion-tension alterations, resulting in the spontaneous accumulation of oil into large continuous masses which are subsequently mobilized.The present investigation has attempted to investigate the effect of other variables thought to be important in this system in order to clarify the mechanism by which increased oil recovery is effected. Specifically, the mechanism by which large oil masses are formed and propagated was studied.Displacement studies conducted in a glass-grid micromodel, under cinemicrographic observation, revealed that large oil masses form as a consequence of restoration of water wettability (amine desorption) but only if the local oil saturation exceeds the irreducible minimum value (under water-wet conditions). Mobilization of these oil masses was observed under the influence of a favorable wettability gradient.Displacement studies were also performed in unconsolidated silica sand beds, under conditions of varying oil-water viscosity ratio, hydraulic permeability, flow rate, and time at which the amine was injected. In the range of the variables investigated, the additional oil recovered (by treatment) increased as the viscosity ratio increased oil recovery. Water-oil displacement efficiencies enhanced by amine treatment were found to correlate satisfactorily with a parameter representing the ratio of the hydraulic forces to the capillary forces within the medium.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690110412
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Direct contact heat transfer between immiscible liquids in turbulent pipe flow (1968)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 14 (1968), S. 151-158 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: This paper reports on an experimental study of the direct contact heat transfer between oil and water in turbulent pipe flow under nonboiling conditions. Data were taken by a new technique, namely, monitoring on a very fast response recorder the output of a small thermocouple placed in the two-phase flow. The variables studied were the liquid velocity, the pipe diameter, the water volume fraction, and, to a lesser degree, the interfacial tension and the oil viscosity. A successful semiempirical method of correlating the data is also presented.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690140126
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The evaporation of carbon tetrachloride in a wetted-wall column (1965)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 11 (1965), S. 1139-1142 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690110633
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Promotion of drop-by-drop condensation of steam from seawater on a vertical copper tube (1968)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 14 (1968), S. 245-250 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A limited number of tests were made of promoters, their method of application, corrosion resistance, etc.The best promoter found to date is tetrakis octadecyl thio silane (C18H37S)4Si which differs only in parafinic chain length from (C12H25S)4Si which was found to be one of the best promoters for drop-by-drop condensation by Blackman and Dewar (1, 2), Hampson (2, 3), and Osment (4, 5). These compounds are nontoxic.The C18 compound appears to be superior to the C12 compound in that it is less volatile, lower melting (∼34°C), and appears to impart superior oxidation resistance to copper when adsorbed on clean oxide-free metal.Copper tubes can be rapidly cleaned in place by sulfur dioxide or hydrochloric acid in steam, or, if previously promoted by a thio silane, by treatment first with chlorine gas in steam.The thio silanes may be rapidly applied as a 1% solution in octanoic acid injected into the sea-water feed. The acid acts as cleaner and poor promoter, allowing the good promoter molecules to contact the metal tube.The amounts of the best promoters required are in the parts per billion range.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690140209
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bethe-Bloch stopping power parameters for polystyrene, kapton, and mylar (1997)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 65 (1997), S. 997-1003 
    Details
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Theoretical, Physical and Computational Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Values of several parameters appearing in the modified Bethe-Bloch theory must be known if one is to calculate the stopping power for a given projectile-target combination within the energy interval of applicability of the theory. In the course of the past several years, the author has established values for kapton and mylar target materials through fits of experimental data with the modified Bethe-Bloch theory. During the past year, several sets of measurements of polystyrene stopping powers for light projectiles have been studied so as to extract values of Bethe-Bloch parameters also for this target material. Results of these studies, including uncertainties in the parameter values that reflect the number and accuracy of the measurements analyzed, are summarized in this presentation.   © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Quant Chem 65: 997-1003, 1997
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bethe-Bloch stopping-power parameters for GaAs and ZnSe (1998)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 70 (1998), S. 919-924 
    Details
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Theoretical, Physical and Computational Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: If one is to calculate the stopping power for a specified projectile-target combination within the energy interval of applicability of modified Bethe-Bloch theory, values of several parameters appearing in the formulation must be ascertained. In the past, the author has established such values for numerous target materials through fits of stopping-power measurements with modified Bethe-Bloch theory. However, the semiconductor materials ZnSe and GaAs have not yet been thus characterized. A set of very recent measurements of the stopping powers of each compound for low-energy protons and alpha particles, reported by members of the Helsinki group, has been analyzed in order to remedy this dearth of parameter values. Moreover, some corresponding measurements for 7Li ions traversing ZnSe have been analyzed for the purpose of obtaining the value of a single effective charge parameter. Results of these studies are reasonably consistent with expectations, and values are recommended for the mean excitation energy and the Barkas-effect parameter for each compound.   © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Quant Chem 70: 919-924, 1998
    Additional Material: 5 Tab.
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