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  • Articles  (231)
  • Biochemistry and Biotechnology
  • Cell & Developmental Biology
  • 1995-1999  (156)
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  • Chemistry and Pharmacology  (231)
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  • Articles  (231)
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  • 1
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: elastase inhibitors ; β-lactams ; lung damage ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Human polymorphonuclear leukocyte elastase (PMN elastase) is inhibited by L-659, 286 (7α-methoxy-8-oxo-3-[[(1,2,5,6-tetrahydro-2-methyl-5,6-dioxo-1,2,4-triaz-in-3-yl)thio]methyl]-5-thia-1-aza-6R-bicyclo [4.2.O]oct-2-ene-2-pyrrolidine carboxamide-5,-dioxide) with a Ki of 0.4 μM. This inhibition is time-dependent, rapid, and only slowly reversible, with a t1/2 of 〉 3 days at 25°C. L-659, 286 is also highly selective for PMN elastase, as it does not inhibit thrombin, trypsin, papain, plasmin, chymotrypsin, or cathepsin G. L-659, 286 administered intratracheally inhibits lung damage caused by administration via the same route of human PMN elastase into hamsters. In marmosets, L-659, 286 is cleared from blood very rapidly after an intravenous injection but is recovered in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid for several hours after intratracheal administration.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 2
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: fatty acid-binding protein ; mechanism of action ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Mammary-derived growth inhibitor (MDGI), a polypeptide growth inhibitor isolated from lactating bovine mammary tissue, previously shown to have extensive sequence homology with fatty acid-binding proteins, was demonstrated to meet the criteria of a fatty acid-binding protein. The protein was found to bind [3H]palmitic acid in a saturable manner and to be complexed with endogeneous free fatty acids. [3H]palmitic acid, when bound to the protein, was more rapidly taken up by the target cells (human mammary carcinoma cells [MaTu]) than was free [3H]palmitic acid, suggesting a lipid carrier function for the inhibitor. It is suggested that the fatty acid-binding properties of MDGI may relate to its ability to inhibit cell growth in vitro and to regulate other cellular functions.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 37 (1988), S. 1-9 
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: colon cancer ; metastasis ; mucins ; electrophoresis ; lectins ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: We have found that polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in 3% gels in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate is suitable for the separation of cellular glycoproteins having molecular weights ranging from 200,000 to 1,000,000. The gels secured on a rigid support (Gelbond) allow blotting techniques with lectins and antibodies for the detection of glycoproteins. Using these methods we have separated lysates of HT-29 human colon carcinoma cells and detected at Jeast four distinct high molecular weight Sialoglycoproteins having molecular weights of 900,000, 740.000, 560,000, and 450,000. The expression of the 9000,000 component, as revealed by wheat germ agglutinin binding, was much higher in a subline of HT-29 cells established from liver metastases in a nude mouse than it was in the parental cells. The relative intensity of wheat germ agglutinin binding to these four sialoglycoprotein components differs depending upon their growth phase in vitro. These glycoproteins were also detectable by the binding of peanut agglutinin, provided the glycoproteins were previously treated in the gels with mild acid to remove the sialic acid from their carbohydrate chains, suggesting that mucin-type carbohydrate chains are present on these glycoproteins. The same set of glycoproteins can be detected by metabolic labeling of the cells with [3H] glucosamine in tissue culture. Very similar glycoprotein profiles are revealed by metabolic labeling of fresh colon carcinoma tissues with [3H] glucosamine in vitro.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 66 (1997), S. 65-76 
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: chylomicron ; very low density lipoprotein ; high density lipoprotein ; apoprotein B-100 ; apoprotein B-48 ; apoprotein A-I ; fat transport ; ontogeny ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Studies employing human fetal intestine have yielded much interesting information on the role of polarized enterocytes in fat absorption and transport. Using the organ culture model, we examined the influence of hydrocortisone on the synthesis and secretion of lipids and lipoproteins. Human jejunal explants were cultured for 5 days at 37°C in serum-free medium containing either [14C]-oleic acid or [14C]-acetate, alone or supplemented with hydrocortisone (25 or 50 ng/ml). The uptake of [14C]-oleic acid was associated with the production of triglycerides, phospholipids, and cholesteryl esters, which were all affected by hydrocortisone. This hormonal agent (50 μg) led to the marked reduction of secreted triglycerides (43%, P 〈 0.01), phospholipids (39%, P 〈 0.01), and cholesteryl esters (36%, P 〈 0.05) without altering the characteristic distribution of tissue and medium lipid classes. Similarly, hydrocortisone significantly (P 〈 0.01) decreased (∼60%) the incorporation of [14C]-acetate into secreted free and esterified cholesterol in the medium. With [14C]-oleic acid as a precursor, hydrocortisone significantly diminished the delivery of chylomicrons and very low density lipoproteins to the medium while consistently enhancing the secretion of high density lipoproteins. In parallel, [35S]-methionine pulse-labeling of jejunal explants revealed the concomitant inhibitory effect of hydrocortisone on apo B-100 synthesis and hydrocortisone's stimulatory effect on apo B-48 and apo A-I. These studies suggest that glucocorticoids play a critical role in lipoprotein processing during intestinal development. J. Cell. Biochem. 66:65-76 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Bioluminescence and Chemiluminescence 4 (1989), S. 436-445 
    ISSN: 0884-3996
    Keywords: Bioluminescence ; chemiluminescence ; lipid metabolism ; LDL oxidation ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Using bioluminescence assays for glycerol, free fatty acids, β-hydroxybutyrate and lactate, we were able to perform complex studies of human energy and lipid metabolism both in serum samples in vivo and in isolated fat cells in vitro. These studies would have been impossible without reliable, specific and highly sensitive luminescence methods. Oxidatively modified low density lipoprotein (LDL) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Adaptation of a chemiluminescence assay for lipid hydroperoxides to LDL isolated by specific precipitation from serum makes it possible to measure LDL oxidation in vivo. Cell dependent chemiluminescence was used to investigate whether receptor mediated endocytosis of LDL by macrophages leads to oxygen radical production in these cells. No activation of the membrane NAD(P)H oxidase was observed.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: two-dimensional gel electrophoresis ; cervical cancer ; genomic alterations ; genomic scanning ; chemoprevention ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was used to comprehensively scan the whole genome of 6 cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) lesions, 7 cervical squamous cell carcinomas, 1 cervical adenosquamous cell carcinoma, and 2 cervical adenocarcinomas for multiple genetic alterations, such as DNA amplification, chromosome deletion, loss of heterozygosity, and chromosome translocation, as compared with the paired normal tissues. DNA spot analysis of the genomic 2-dimensional gels was performed by a computer color overlay system and by spot recognition software allowing for objective spot comparison and quantitation. Nine spots were found to be amplified in the cervical carcinomas while two amplified spots were detected in the CIN III lesions. Fourteen DNA spots were either reduced in their intensity or absent in cervical carcinomas as compared to their normal paired tissues. Reduction of intensity in 6 spots was observed in the 5 CIN III lesions. These genetic alterations may represent changes in cancer genes that are associated with human cervical carcinogenesis. Further characterization of these alterations may be significant to the understanding of cervical tumorigenesis and to the development of biomarkers for clinical trials in cancer chemoprevention. J. Cell. Biochem. 25S:41-48. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: oncogenes ; vitamin A ; thyroid hormones ; mammary cells ; cancer ; epithelial cells ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: We have investigated the actions of transforming growth factor (TGF) type α on epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor mRNA expression in MDA-468 human mammary carcinoma cells in serum-free media. We found that exposure of MDA-468 cells to TGFα results in elevated levels of EGF receptor mRNA. This increase in mRNA accumulation showed time and dose dependence. Addition of TGFβ1 enhanced the accumulation of EGF receptor mRNA induced by TGFα in a time and dose-dependent manner. We also found that triiodothyronine at physiological concentrations exerts synergistic control on the action of TGFα alone, or in association with TGFβ1, on EGF receptor mRNA expression. Similarly, retinoic acid treatment also enhanced in a time- and dose-dependent manner the TGFα-dependent response of EGF receptor mRNA and acted synergistically with TGFβ1. The results described here suggest that optimum regulation of EGF receptor gene expression by TGFα is a complex process involving synergistic interactions with heterologous growth factors and hormones.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 39 (1989), S. 117-128 
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: growth factor ; aFGF ; immunoassay ; eye ; vitreous body ; cornea ; retina ; lens ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: During the last ten years, several groups, including the present authors, have detected growth factor activities in various ocular tissues, and the presence of a ubiquitous Eye-Derived Growth Factor (EDGF) has been described. More recently, isolation and characterization of this growth factor activity from the retina led to the identification of two molecules. These molecules were shown to be identical to other growth factors isolated from neuronal and non-neuronal tissues and are now designated as acidic and basic fibroblast growth factor (aFGF, bFGF). The biological function and the reason for the ubiquitous distribution of these factors remain unclear. Understanding may be improved by quantification of this distribution in various tissues during development. In the present study, specific polyclonal antibodies were raised against acidic FGF, aFGF was determined in various ocular tissues by enzyme immunoassay, and the localization of immuno-reactive aFGF by immunohistological staining with fluorescent antibodies or with enzyme- or gold-labeled antibodies was studied.In almost all tissues tested aFGF was found; but the retina, cornea, and vitreous body contained the highest levels of aFGF per gram of tissue. In the retina, aFGF was associated primarily with the nerve fiber layer and the inner and outer segments of the photoreceptors, whereas corneal aFGF was detected in the cytoplasma of the basal layer of epithelial cells.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 0173-0835
    Keywords: Nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis ; Dynamic complexation ; Porphyrin ; Additives ; Separation theory ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The effect of an additive (Brij 35) on the mobilities of a group of porphyrin acids is quantitatively characterized based on a 1:1 dynamic complexation model. Varying additive concentration shifts the equilibrium and changes the viscosity of the background electrolyte. The equilibrium constant, the electrophoretic mobility of the free analyte, and the electrophoretic mobility of the complex are identified as the parameters necessary to describe the analytes' migration behavior. Several statistical methods for obtaining these parameters are discussed. The equilibrium constants and complex mobilities are calculated using three different linear regression methods. The weighted y-reciprocal method was preferred because it gives smaller error, and the data points are evenly distributed along the concentration axis. These values are confirmed using a nonlinear regression to ensure that the proper weighting was used in the linear regression plots. The parameters are then used to predict the apparent mobilities of the analytes over the entire additive concentration range, allowing the optimum separation conditions to be identified. For disclike molecules, such as porphyrins, the mobility is determined by the orientation of the molecule in an electric field, in addition to their size and charge. The strength of binding between the porphyrins and Brij 35 depends on the number of binding sites and the solvation shell.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 0173-0835
    Keywords: Mass spectrometry ; Fragment-ion searching ; Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis ; Protein identification ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The current paradigm for protein identification using mass spectrometric derived peptide-mass and fragment-ion data employs computer algorithms which match uninterpreted or partially interpreted fragment-ion data to sequence databases, both protein and translated nucleotide sequence databases. Nucleotide sequence databases continue to grow at a rapid rate for some species, providing an unsurpassed resource for protein identification in those species. Ion-trap mass spectrometers with their ability to rapidly generate fragment-ion spectra in a data-dependent manner with high sensitivity and accuracy has led to their increased use for protein identification. We have investigated various parameters on a commercial ion trap-mass spectrometer to enhance our ability to identify peptides separated by capillary reversed phase-high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) coupled on-line to the mass spectrometer. By systematically evaluating the standard parameters (ion injection time and number of microscans) together with selection of multiple ions from the full mass range, improved tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) spectra were generated, facilitating identification of proteins at a low pmol level. Application of this technology to the identification of a standard protein and an unknown from an affinity-enriched mixture are shown.
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