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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Improved NLO properties through a liquid crystal phase poling (1997)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 43 (1997), S. 2827-2831 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Cross-linkable organic NLO chromophore called DRS was chemically incorporated into silica matrices using the sol-gel process. A number of electrically poled DRS/silica matrix systems were studied to elucidate the relaxation of the oriented organic chromophore by following the decay of UV absorption as a function of time and temperatures. The value of the second harmonic coefficient d33 was 47 pm/V for the DRS/silica matrix films (0.4 μm thickness). From the dramatic decrease in the UV absorption after poling at 80°C, it is speculated that the DRS may act as a liquid crystalline mesogenic group and is effectively oriented in poling at the phase (nematic) transition temperature (80°C). This argument was substantiated by investigating the phase behavior of DRS itself using both DSC and a polarized optical microscope. The DRS/silica system contained the ideal matrices to retain the oriented chromophore because of optical clarity, thermal stability and effective poling at the nematic liquid crystalline phase.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690431330
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Unique properties of 30-μm particles as the catalyst of fluidized-bed reactors (1997)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 43 (1997), S. 1190-1193 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The collapse properties of three kinds of fine particles (19, 30, and 59 μm) are studied with a new type of bed-collapse technique, “isolated dilute-phase bed collapse,” to determine the dense-phase properties under high superficial gas velocities. The properties of the emulsion and bubble phases are investigated by a video camera. The influence of particle size on particle collapse properties is also discussed. When gas velocities are high the 30-μm particles take the longest to collapse, have the smallest emulsion density, and have largest bubble volumetric fraction. These observations indicate that the 30-μm particles have a property that the others lack.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690430509
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dean vortices with wall flux in a curved channel membrane system: 2. The velocity field (1996)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 42 (1996), S. 347-358 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The velocity and pressure fields and the effect of wall flux on these fields in a spiral channel are presented. As fluid flows inward through a spiral channel with constant gap and permeable walls, the streamwise flux decreases while the curvature increases. Thus, by balancing the stabilizing effect of wall suction with the destabilizing effect of increasing curvature, established vortices can be maintained along the spiral channel. This approach is used to prescribe spiral geometries with different wall fluxes. Using a weakly nonlinear stability analysis, the influence of wall flux on the characteristics of Dean vortices is obtained. The critical Dean number is reduced when suction is through the inner wall only, is slightly reduced when suction is equal through both walls, and is increased when suction is through the outer wall only. The magnitude of change is proportional to a ratio of small numbers that measures the importance of the effect of curvature. In membrane filtration applications the wall flux is typically 2 to 5 orders of magnitude less than the streamwise flow. If the radius of curvature of the channel is of the order of 100 times the channel gap, the effect on the critical Dean number is within 2% of the no-wall flux case. If the radius of curvature is sufficiently large, however, it is possible to observe effects on the critical Dean number that approach O(1) in magnitude for certain parameter ranges.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690420205
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Growth behavior of pulsed-laser-deposited PLZTO thin films (1997)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 43 (1997), S. 2857-2864 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Elemental depth profile examined using secondary-ion mass spectroscopy and structural profile examined using grazing-incident X-ray diffractometry were applied to analyze the growth behavior of Pb1-xLax(ZryTi1-y)O3 (PLZTO) and Pb1-xLaxTiO3 (PLTO) thin films deposited on a Si substrate. When deposited under a suitably high substrate temperature, the chamber's oxygen pressure was observed to substantially influence the structure of the films. Low oxygen pressures (PO2 〈 0.01 mbar) deteriorate crystal structure without altering the composition of the films. Deposition of a buffer layer enhanced the formation kinetics of PLZTO and PLTO films. However, sufficiently thick SrTiO3 (∼500 nm) layer was required to achieve this effect. Using (La0.5Sr0.5)CoO3/Pt materials as double-layer electrodes not only prevented the film-to-substrate interaction, but resulted in preferentially oriented thin films. Ferroelectric properties of the films were thus greatly improved, with remanent polarization (Pr) around 14 ∼ 16 μC/cm2, coercive force (Ec) around 50 ∼ 60 kV/cm, and relative dielectric constant (ε) around 900 ∼ 1,000.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690431335
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bubble characteristics in the radial direction of three-phase fluidized beds (1988)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 34 (1988), S. 2069-2072 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690341217
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tube array heat transfer in fluidized beds a study of particle size effects (1989)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 35 (1989), S. 1170-1176 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Experiments were performed with an array of horizontal tubes, arranged in a regular equilateral triangular pattern, immersed in a fluidized bed operating at 812 K. Data are reported for heat transfer between the bed and a centrally-located tube in the array. Both total and radiative heat transfer rates were measured for superficial velocities spanning the range from packed bed conditions to over twice the minimum fluidization velocity. Results are presented for five differentsize particles. Local heat transfer values, measured around the tube periphery, and integrated averages are reported for all test conditions.Comparisons are also made between the heat transfer behavior of a tube in an array and that for a single tube in a hot fluidized bed under the same overall operating conditions. The results of this comparison suggest that the two mechanisms, gas convection and radiation, are competing effects.
    Additional Material: 17 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690350712
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cure analysis of sheet molding compound in molds with substructures (1989)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 29 (1989), S. 740-748 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The effects of material flow, heat transfer, part geometry, and curing agents on the cure of sheet molding compounds (SMC) in molds with substructures were analyzed both experimentally and numerically. It was found that heat transfer during mold filling has a profound effect on the cure pattern, especially for fastcure resins molded for parts with thin dimensions.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760291107
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis of transient sorption and permeation in heterogeneous media (1986)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 26 (1986), S. 1045-1049 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Experimental data on hexane vapor sorption in phase-segregated polybutadiene/polystyrene blends are reported, which exhibit seemingly non-Fickian characteristics that previous workers with styrene/butadiene copolymer attributed to a diffuse interphase. These data, plus results derived from a model of sorption in heterogeneous media containing a slowly permeable dispersed phase, indicate that the mere presence of two phases with different diffusion time constants is a sufficient condition for apparently non-Fickian overall behavior. Consequently, definitive morphological inferences cannot be drawn from such observations. In addition, results of modeling the corresponding permeation process are analogous to those obtained in an earlier study of permeation with immobilizing chemical reaction.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760261504
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