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  • Penicillium chrysogenum  (4)
  • Pseudomonas  (4)
  • 1995-1999  (7)
  • 1990-1994  (1)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cytosolic localization in tomato mesophyll cells of a novel glutamine synthetase induced in response to bacterial infection or phosphinothricin treatment (1998)
    Springer
    Planta 206 (1998), S. 426-434 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Key words: Glutamine synthetase ; Lycopersicon ; Nitrogen remobilization ; Phosphinothricin ; Plant defense ; Pseudomonas
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract. In tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) leaves, the predominant glutamine synthetase (GS; EC 6.3.1.2) is chloroplastic (GS2; 45 kDa) whereas the cytosolic isoform (GS1; 39 kDa) is represented as a minor enzyme. Following either infection by Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pst) or treatment with phosphinothricin (PPT), a GS inhibitor, GS1 accumulated in the leaves. In contrast to healthy control leaves, where GS1 was restricted to the veins, in infected and PPT-treated leaves the GS1 polypeptide was also detected in the leaf blade; moreover, it was more abundant than GS2. Different immunological approaches were therefore used to investigate whether or not the GS1 polypeptide expressed in Pst-infected and PPT-treated tomato leaves was distributed among different tissues and subcellular compartments in the same way as the constitutive GS1 expressed in healthy leaves. By tissue-printing analysis, a similar GS immunostaining was observed in epidermis, mesophyll and phloem of leaflet midrib cross-sections of control, infected and PPT-treated leaves. Immunocytochemical localization revealed that GS protein was present in the chloroplast of mesophyll cells and the cytoplasm of phloem cells in healthy leaves; however, in Pst-infected or PPT-treated leaves, a strong labelling was observed in the cytoplasm of mesophyll cells. Two-dimensional analysis of GS polypeptides showed that, in addition to the constitutive GS1, a GS1 polypeptide different in charge was present in tomato leaflets after microbial infection or herbicide treatment. All these results indicate that a novel cytosolic GS is induced in mesophyll cells of Pst-infected or PPT-treated leaves. A possible role for this new cytosolic GS in the remobilization of leaf nitrogen during infection is proposed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004250050418
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intrachromosomal recombination between direct repeats in Penicillium chrysogenum: gene conversion and deletion events (1999)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 261 (1999), S. 994-1000 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Key words Mitotic recombination ; Gene disruption ; Instability ; Penicillium chrysogenum ; Deletions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Recombination between direct repeats has been studied in Penicillium chrysogenum using strain TD7-88 (lys− pyr+), which contains two inactive copies of the lys2 gene separated by 4.5 kb of DNA (including the pyrG gene) in its genome. Gene conversion leading to products with the lys+ pyr+ phenotype was observed at a frequency of 1 in 3.2 × 103 viable spores. Two types of deletion events giving rise to lys+ pyr− and lys− pyr− phenotypes were obtained with different frequencies. Southern analysis revealed that gene conversion occurs mainly as a result of crossing over events that remove the BamHI frameshift mutation present in one of the repeats. In lys− pyr− recombinants, the deletion events do not affect the frameshift mutation in the BamHI site, while lys+ pyr− recombinants showed repair of the BamHI frameshift mutation and the genotype of the parental non-disrupted strain was restored. In summary, deletion events in P. chrysogenum tend to favor the restoration of the phenotype and genotype characteristic of the parental non-disrupted strain.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004380051048
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of the lys2 gene of Penicillium chrysogenum encoding α-aminoadipic acid reductase (1998)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 259 (1998), S. 549-556 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Key wordsα-Aminoadipic acid ; Lysine biosynthesis ; Penicillium chrysogenum ; Reductase domain
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A DNA fragment containing a gene homologous to LYS2 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae was cloned from a genomic DNA library of Penicillium chrysogenum AS-P-78. It encodes a protein of 1409 amino acids (Mr^ 154 859) with strong similarity to the S. cerevisiae (49.9% identity) Schizosaccharomycespombe (51.3% identity) and Candida albicans (48.12% identity) α-aminoadipate reductases and a lesser degree of identity to the amino acid-activating domains of the non-ribosomal peptide synthetases, including the α-aminoadipate-activating domain of the α-aminoadipyl-cysteinyl-valine synthetase of P. chrysogenum (12.4% identical amino acids). The lys2 gene contained one intron in the 5′-region and other in the 3′-region, as shown by comparing the nucleotide sequences of the cDNA and genomic DNA, and was transcribed as a 4.7-kb monocistronic mRNA. The lys2 gene was localized on chromosome III (7.5 Mb) in P. chrysogenum AS-P-78 and on chromosome IV (5.6 Mb) in strain P2, whereas the penicillin gene cluster is known to be located in chromosome I in both strains. The lys2-encoded protein is a member of the aminoacyladenylate-forming enzyme family with a reductase domain in its C-terminal region.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004380050847
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Resolution of four large chromosomes in penicillin-producing filamentous fungi: the penicillin gene cluster is located on chromosome II (9.6 Mb) in Penicillium notatum and chromosome 1 (10.4 Mb) in Penicillium chrysogenum (1993)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 241 (1993), S. 573-578 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Penicillin gene cluster ; Chromosomes ; Penicillium notatum ; Penicillium chrysogenum ; Mitochondrial DNA
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Four chromosomes were resolved by pulsed field gel electrophoresis in Penicillium notatum (10.8, 9.6, 6.3 and 5.4 Mb in size) and in five different strains of Penicillium chrysogenum (10.4, 9.6, 7.3 and 6.8 Mb in the wild type). Small differences in size were found between the four chromosomes of the five P. chrysogenum strains. The penicillin gene cluster was localized by hybridization with a pcbAB probe to chromosome II of P. notatum and to chromosome I of all P. chrysogenum strains except the deletion mutant P. chrysogenum npe10, which lacks this DNA region. The pyrG gene was localized to chromosome I in P. notatum and to chromosome II in all P. chrysogenum strains except in the mutant AS-P-78 where the probe hybridized to chromosome 111. A major chromosomal rearrangement seems to have occurred in this high penicillin producing strain. A fast moving DNA band observed in all gels corresponds to mitochondrial DNA. The total genome size has been calculated as 32.1 Mb in P. notatum and 34.1 Mb for the P. chrysogenum strains.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00279899
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The influence of native rhizobacteria on european alder (Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn.) growth (1996)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 182 (1996), S. 59-66 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Alnus glutinosa ; Bacillus ; DRB ; PGPR ; Pseudomonas
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The effects on plant growth of 27 bacterial strains (7 Pseudomonas and 20 Bacillus) isolated from the rhizosphere of a natural alder stand, were studied. The chosen bacteria were selected from the dominant genera found in that habitat in each season. These bacteria were grown in a complete culture medium, and removed (centrifuged and filtered) prior to testing on nodulated (N) and non-nodulated (NN) alder plants. Tests were made in order to determine their effects on the following biometric parameters: aerial surface (AS), aerial length (AL), number of leaves (NL) and total nitrogen (TN). Among the 20 Bacillus strain tested, three promoted growth; two were B. pumilus strains and one was B. licheniformis. Significant (p〈0.05) increases in all biometric parameters were detected (163% on AS and 182% on AL). All 7 Pseudomonas fluorescens strains had a significant (p〈0.05) negative influence on plants, evidenced by a decrease in the value of different parameters when compared to control values. The obvious effect of the assayed bacterial strains on alder growth drawn from our results should be considered as the starting point for a deeper study of the plant-rhizobacteria interaction, the final aim being to improve production of any forestry species, particularly that of Alnus glutinosa.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00010995
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The infuence of native rhizobacteria on European alder (Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn.) growth (1996)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 182 (1996), S. 67-74 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Bacillus ; DRB ; hydrocyanic acid (HCN) ; indolacetic acid (IAA) ; PGPR ; Pseudomonas
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Metabolite production was investigated in four bacterial strains that promoted (plant growth promoting rhizobacteria -PGPR-, B. licheniformis, isolate B.12 and B. pumilus isolate B.3) or inhibited (deleterious rhizobacteria-DRB-, P. fluorescens bv II, isolates P.9 and P.20) growth of nodulated and non-nodulated Alnus glutinosa seedlings. These strains were isolated and characterized from the rhizosphere of a natural alder population, and their biological effects on plant growth determined on previous studies. Biological assays were performed to confirm the observed effects on aerial length (AL), aerial surface (AS), number of leaves (NL) and total nitrogen (TN). According to the high resolution gas chromatography (HRGC) results, PGPR strains produced auxin-like (IAA-1) compounds at levels of 1.736 and 1.790 mg IAA-1 L-1 culture growth medium; however, they did not produce HCN. These compounds are derived from IAA and not from the Trp originated by peptide degradation in culture media. The promoting effect is evidenced when comparing the effects of IAA and the filtered bacterial growth culture medium to control (increases of 64% in aerial surface, 277% in total N content and 32% in aerial length). The deleterious strains produced HCN (1.6 and 2.4 mg kg-1 detected in growth culture medium) and they did not produce IAA-1 compounds. The bacterial culture's-free of bacteria-inhibiting effects were 7% in aerial surface, 240% in total nitrogen content and 15% in aerial length. The results reported here suggest that the interactions that take place in the alder rhizosphere are in a delicate equilibrium. In view of this, the coexistence of PGPR and DRB strains in this environment is unquestionable, and does affect alder health in field conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00010996
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chromosome-encoded inducible copper resistance inPseudomonas strains (1995)
    Springer
    Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 68 (1995), S. 225-229 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9699
    Keywords: copper resistance ; Pseudomonas
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract NinePseudomonas strains were selected by their high copper tolerance from a population of bacteria isolated from heavy-metal polluted zones. Copper resistance (Cu r ) was inducible by previous exposure of cultures to subinhibitory amounts of copper sulfate. All nine strains possessed large plasmids, but transformation and curing results suggest that Cu r is conferred by chromosomal genes. Plasmid-lessPseudomonas aeruginosa PAO-derived strains showed the same level of Cu r as environmental isolates and their resistance to copper was also inducible. Total DNA from the environmentalPseudomonas, as well as fromP. aeruginosa PAO strains, showed homology to a Cu r P. syringae cop probe at low-stringency conditions but failed to hybridize at high-stringency conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00871819
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molecular genetics as a tool to remove bottlenecks in the biosynthesis of β-lactam antibiotics (1996)
    Springer
    World journal of microbiology and biotechnology 12 (1996), S. 517-523 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0972
    Keywords: Antibiotic biosynthesis ; gene amplification ; Penicillium chrysogenum ; tandem repeat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract Several strains of Penicillium chrysogenum with different productions of penicillin were characterized at the molecular level in order to establish the basis of the increased penicillin production rates. The cluster of penicillin biosynthetic genes was located in an amplified genomic region of 57.9 kb in a high-producing strain (E1) and 106.5 kb in two strains (AS-P-78 and P2) producing moderately high levels of penicillin. This region was shown to be present in multiple tandemly repeated copies with a different copy number depending on the strain. The sequence TTTACA appeared at the junction points between repeats and at the borders of the amplified region in strains AS-P-78 and P2, while its reverse complementary TGTAAA was found in strain E1. The tandem reiteration and deletion appear to arise by site-specific recombination induced by mutagenic treatments. Finally, the relationship between glucose repression and pH regulation was studied in strain AS-P-78.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00419466
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