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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Carbocyclic analogs of nucleosides. Part 2.Part 1: [1].. Synthesis of 2′,3′-dideoxy-5′-homonucleoside analogs (1992)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 75 (1992), S. 1944-1954 
    Details
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A set of derivatives of cyclopentaneacetic acid cis-substituted at position 3 by nucleoside bases (both purines and pyrimidines) were prepared and characterized (see 11, 14, and 23a, b; Schemes 2-4). These molecules are carbocyclic analogs of 2′,3′-dideoxy-5′-homonucleosides. In this synthesis, the skeleton was constructed from norbornanone and a novel method based on Mitsunobu chemistry used for the introduction of nucleoside-base substituents. The scope of this method was further explored via the preparation of a cyclobutyl analog of dideoxyguanosine (see 17, Scheme 3).
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hlca.19920750620
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Carbocyclic Analogs of Nucleosides. Part 3Part 2: [1].. Synthesis of a new sulfone analog of cyclic adenosine 3′,5′-monophosphate (1993)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 76 (1993), S. 248-258 
    Details
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The novel uncharged analog 2 of adenosine 3′,5′ -monophosphate (1) was prepared in its racemic form. To increase membrane permeability, the phosphate diester monoanion group of 1 was replaced by a dimethylene sulfone unit ( = methanosulfonylmethano group), and the 2′-OH group was removed. To decrease lability against acid-catalyzed depurination, the ring O-atom was replaced by a CH2 group. All three modifications are also expected to increase the stability of analog 2 towards enzymatic degradation. The carbocyclic skeleton of 2 was constructed from trinorbornenecarbaldehyde 3 (see Scheme 1-3), and the adenine precursor 6-chloropurine was introduced in the carbocyclic unit via an SN2 reaction based on Mitsunobu chemistry (Schemes 4 and 5).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hlca.19930760118
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Carbocyclic Analogs of Nucleosides. Part 4.Part 3: [1]. Preparation of enantiomerically pure analogs of purine nucleosides for the synthesis of sulfone-linked oligonucleotide analogs (1993)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 76 (1993), S. 826-841 
    Details
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Cyclopentane derivatives bearing a 3-(hydroxymethyl) group, a 4-(2-hydroxyethyl) functionality, and a nucleoside base are carbocyclic variants of nucleoside analogs previously described as building blocks for the preparation of oligonucleotide analogs having dimethylene sulfone (= methanosulfonylmethano) linking groups replacing the phosphodiester linking units found in natural oligonucleotides. These carbocyclic nucleoside analogs (e.g. 17 and 20) are stable to both acid-catalyzed depurination and base-catalyzed hydrolysis, in contrast with most non-ionic analogs of oligonucleotides. Furthermore, they can be prepared with complete control over the stereochemistry at the ‘anomeric’ center. A procedure is given for preparing these purine-nucleoside analogs via the construction of an enantiomerically pure carbocyclic skeleton (Schemes 1-3), followed by a Mitsunobu-type reaction to introduce the purine-base derivatives (Scheme 4). Furthermore, preliminary results for the coupling of these analogs to yield nucleoside dimers (e.g. 26) are also reported (Scheme 5).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hlca.19930760207
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Für Ihre Dokumentation von Nr. 3/97 Chemie in unserer Zeit (1997)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 31 (1997), S. 154-154 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19970310312
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chemische Bindung anschaulich: die Elektronen-Lokalisierungs-Funktion (1997)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 31 (1997), S. 110-120 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The Electron Localization Function (ELF) describes chemical bonding through localized pairs of electrons and gives a quantum mechanical basis to the representation of the chemical bond as a line. Computer graphics produce illustrative and intuitive pictures of the shell structure of atoms, ionic, covalent, and coordinative bonds, or multiple bonds and lone pairs of electrons. Resonance formulas, delocalized bonds, and the space occupied by electron pairs can be visualized in the same manner.
    Notes: Die ELF ist ein Maß für die Abstoßung der Elektronepaare (Pauli-Abstoßung) und kann aus quantenmechen Rechnungen erhalten werden. Mit Hilf dieser Funktion kann man den Raum in Bereiche unterteilen, die man den Elektronenpaaren zuordnet (Elektronenpaarbereiche).
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19970310303
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amidation of esters using trimethylsilylamines (1990)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 28 (1990), S. 2445-2449 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Trimethylsilyl-di-n-butylamine has been used to amidate methyl n-propionate and polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) in THF. Trimethylsilyl (N-phenyl-p-phenyleneamine) amine was also prepared and used to amidate PMMMA and poly(ethylene-co-propylene)-graft-methylmethacrylate (OCP-graft-MMA) in THF and n-hexane, respectively. Amidations were performed between 55 and 65°C. When trimethylsilyl-di-n-butylamine was reacted with methyl propionate, less than 10% of the corresponding amide was generated because of a competitive aldol condensation. PMMA was smoothly amidated in excess of 60% using either trimethylsilyl(N-phenyl-p-phenyleneamine)amine or trimethylsilyl-di-n-butylamine without detectable competitive side reactions. OCP-graft-MMA was amidated in excess of 90% using a 5 M excess of trimethylsilyl(N-phenyl-p-phenyleneamine)amine in n-hexane.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1990.080280917
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Robust error-in-variables estimation using nonlinear programming techniques (1990)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 36 (1990), S. 985-993 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: For systems described by algebraic or differential equation models where all variables are subject to error, the error-in-variables method (EVM) for parameter estimation has been shown to be superior to standard least-squares techniques. Previous EVM algorithms were developed assuming linear (or linearized) model equations. Unfortunately, many chemical engineering processes operate in strongly nonlinear regions where linear approximations may be inaccurate. In this paper, new algorithms using nonlinear programming techniques for the error-in-variables methods are proposed. In addition, a method for discerning when these methods are necessary is discussed. The proposed algorithms are compared to the least-squares method and traditional error-in-variable approaches. Improved parameter estimates for several steady-state nonlinear processes are demonstrated.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690360703
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An improved technique for PID controller tuning from closed-loop tests (1990)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 36 (1990), S. 1891-1895 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690361212
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modeling and scale-up of multiwafer LPCVD reactors (1992)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 38 (1992), S. 926-938 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The deposition of thin films in a hot-wall multiwafer low-pressure chemical vapor deposition (LPCVD) reactor is an important unit operation in the manufacture of modern integrated circuits. In this article, our previously published model for the multiwafer LPCVD reactor has been combined with in-situ temperature measurements to accurately predict the axial and radial film thickness distributions for a polysilicon deposition process. The model describes in detail multicomponent mass transport, the reactor's thermal environment based on in-situ temperature measurements, and the reactor geometry including inlet and outlet sections as well as downstream injectors. Model predictions were compared with experimental data from two industrial-scale polysilicon reactors at SEMATECH and from a smaller research reactor. Approximate scale-up rules for the important special case of larger wafers were derived from the model equations and tested by simulation. The rules compare well with the results from a nonlinear program in which the axial variation of film growth rate was minimized.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690380613
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification of faulty sensors using principal component analysis (1996)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 42 (1996), S. 2797-2812 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Even though there has been a recent interest in the use of principal component analysis (PCA) for sensor fault detection and identification, few identification schemes for faulty sensors have considered the possibility of an abnormal operating condition of the plant. This article presents the use of PCA for sensor fault identification via reconstruction. The principal component model captures measurement correlations and reconstructs each variable by using iterative substitution and optimization. The transient behavior of a number of sensor faults in various types of residuals is analyzed. A sensor validity index (SVI) is proposed to determine the status of each sensor. On-line implementation of the SVI is examined for different types of sensor faults. The way the index is filtered represents an important tuning parameter for sensor fault identification. An example using boiler process data demonstrates attractive features of the SVI.
    Additional Material: 18 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690421011
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