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  • Articles  (135)
  • Springer  (88)
  • American Physical Society  (26)
  • American Geophysical Union  (9)
  • Paleontological Society  (8)
  • Canadian Science Publishing  (4)
  • American Meteorological Society (AMS)
  • 1995-1999  (70)
  • 1990-1994  (65)
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  • Articles  (135)
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On context patterns associated with concept lattices (1993)
    Springer
    Order 10 (1993), S. 363-373 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9273
    Keywords: 06B05 ; 06A15 ; Context ; arrow relation ; concept lattice ; context pattern ; strictly realizable context pattern
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract In this paper, we consider the following reconstruction problem: Given two ordered sets (G, ≤) and (M, ≤) representing join- and meet-irreducible elements, respectively together with three relationsJ, , $${\hbox{\ \hbox{$\mid$}\kern -1em\lower .5em \hbox{$\leftarrow$}}} $$ onG×M modelling comparability (g≤m) and maximal noncomparability with respect tog (g≰m, butg≤m*) and with respect tom (g≰m, butg≤m*). We determine necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of a finite latticeL and injections α:G→J(L) and β:M→M(L) such that the given order relations and the abstract relations coincide with the one induced by the latticeL.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01108830
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Zeta function determinant of the Laplace operator on theD-dimensional ball (1996)
    Springer
    Communications in mathematical physics 179 (1996), S. 215-234 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0916
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract We present a direct approach for the calculation of functional determinants of the Laplace operator on balls. Dirichlet and Robin boundary conditions are considered. Using this approach, formulas for any value of the dimension,D, of the ball, can be obtained quite easily. Explicit results are presented here for dimensionsD=2,3,4,5 and 6.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02103720
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of Precipitates in Ti-Stabilized Steels with Low-Energy Electron-Induced X-Ray Spectrometry and Scanning Electron Microscopy (1999)
    Springer
    Microchimica acta 131 (1999), S. 191-197 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-5073
    Keywords: Keywords. Ti-stabilized steels; soft-X-ray spectrometry; LEEIXS ; XRF ; SEM.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract  Various kinds of precipitates can influence the mechanical properties of Ti-stabilized steels. The qualitative composition of the Ti inclusions can be characterized microscopically, whereas for quantitative information to be obtained time-consuming selective dissolution must be used. The present study aims at chemical speciation of the isolated precipitates as a solid phase with the help of soft-X-ray spectrometry. Whether the method is capable of giving both qualitative and quantitative information on the composition of Ti-mixtures is discussed. The precipitates in Ti-stabilized steels are investigated after chemical dissolution of the steel matrix with a bromine/methanol mixture (1:10). By combination of soft-X-ray spectrometry with X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) both qualitative and quantitative characterization of the precipitates can be performed. They were found to consist mainly of TiC and TiN.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00010033
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pulmonary aspergillus intracavitary colonization (PAIC) (1990)
    Springer
    Mycopathologia 112 (1990), S. 93-104 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0832
    Keywords: Aspergillus ; fungal elements
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We have attempted to elucidate the natural history of pulmonary aspergillus intracavitary colonization (PAIC) based on more than 350 cases of the disease observed in the last 11 years and on data collected from the literature. The data indicate that PAIC is a dynamic process consequent to the continual growth and death of fungal elements and also with their relationships to the anatomic features of the cavity (valvular mechanisms, vascular alteration). The clinical presentations reflect immunological changes in the host. Metabolites produced by the species of Aspergillus involved affect the clinical presentation of the syndrome.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00436504
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of management on butterflies of rare grassland ecosystems in Germany (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of insect conservation 1 (1997), S. 125-130 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9753
    Keywords: grazing ; mowing ; fens ; hay-meadows ; conservation.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Nature of Science, Research, Systems of Higher Education, Museum Science
    Notes: Abstract Traditional hay-meadows in the Alps and fens at the edge of the Alps are habitats for many rare and endangered butterfly species. Conservation efforts aim at preserving these species, but the biotopes depend on regular mowing, which in turn requires intensive financial support. The feasibility of substituting mowing of these sites by grazing is discussed and considered as a more cost effective management type which produces agriculturally valuable goods as well. In this study the butterfly fauna of mown and grazed sites were compared. Species composition, species number, and the occurrence of rare species under the two management types were in most cases rather similar for both grassland ecosystems. Nevertheless, there are hints that for single rare species this might not be true. Additionally, at one site, grazing intensity on a former hay-meadow was too high to preserve the species-rich community. Overall the results are encouraging: grazing does not have to be as detrimental as formerly thought, although details (compartments of pastures, intensity) still have to be confirmed. Experimental grazing management of aban-doned grasslands of the studied types should be started.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018443412153
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Distribution of Maculinea rebeli and hostplant use on sites along the river Danube (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of insect conservation 2 (1998), S. 85-89 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9753
    Keywords: butterflies ; Gentiana cruciata ; management ; grazing ; Bavaria.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Nature of Science, Research, Systems of Higher Education, Museum Science
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009601024873
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Small angle neutron scattering from oxygen precipitates in silicon (1992)
    Springer
    Applied physics 54 (1992), S. 19-21 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 61.12Dw ; 72.10 ; 78.50G
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The formation of silicon oxide precipitates from Czochralski grown silicon depends on the time and temperature of the heat treatment as well as on the initial content of interstitially dissolved oxygen. Samples containing between 5×1017 Oi/cm3 and 13×1017 Oi/cm3 have been heated at 750° C for 96 h. SiO2 precipitates of various shape and size have been obtained and investigated by means of small angle neutron scattering (SANS) in the Q-range 0.05 Å−1〈Q〈0.2 Å−1. The obtained SANS patterns reveal a typical anisotropy of their intensity distribution, which splits into a central peak at Q〈0.1 Å−1 due to the shape of the individual particles and a number of weak intensities for large Q-values, originating from a correlation between defects, possibly between the precipitates. While these correlation peaks in the SANS patterns are seen best for rather low values of about (5–7)×1017 Oi/cm3 oxygen content, the central peak anisotropy is most pronounced for higher values of ca 10×1017 Oi/cm3. The integrated intensity of the central peak increases with increasing initial oxygen content. For comparison, untreated samples of the same initial oxygen content do not reveal any anisotropic SAN scattering or a broadened central peak beam.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00348123
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Anisotropy and temperature dependence of small angle neutron scattering from silicon-oxide precipitates in silicon (1991)
    Springer
    Applied physics 53 (1991), S. 422-425 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 61.12Dw ; 72.10 ; 78.50G
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Czochralski grown silicon crystals contain interstitially dissolved oxygen which diffuses on heating to form precipitates of silica. We have examined these precipitates by small angle neutron scattering (SANS) in the Q-range 0.05 Å−1〈Q〈0.4 Å−1. The obtained SANS patterns reveal pronounced anisotropic intensity distributions which resemble the symmetry of the host crystal. The SANS spectra show an anisotropic central peak at Q〈0.1 Å−1 due to the single particle shape and a number of weak intensities for larger Q-values. These weak side maxima are considered correlation peaks or quasi-elastic interference peaks. They show, however, an unexpected and distinct temperature dependence: with decreasing temperature below values of 220 K their intensity is lost slowly, but reversibly. At T = 50 K only the central peak from the single-particle scattering remains unchanged. Upon heating, the correlation peaks regain their former value of intensity and Q-position without any evidence of thermal hysteresis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00348156
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The generalized doubling construction and formal concept analysis (1994)
    Springer
    Algebra universalis 32 (1994), S. 341-367 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-8911
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01235175
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of groundwater humic and fulvic acids of different origin by GPC with UV/Vis and fluorescence detection (1999)
    Springer
    Fresenius' journal of analytical chemistry 364 (1999), S. 737-745 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1130
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Gel permeation chromatography (GPC) was applied for recognizing the origin of groundwater humic and fulvic acids. GPC was performed with Fraktogel TSK HW-50 in 0.1 M NaCl, pH 8.5 (0.05 M phosphate buffer), 1 mM EDTA, with 10% by volume methanol added. Humic substances from groundwaters and sediments of four different aquifer systems in Germany were isolated, purified and characterized. Both UV/Vis and fluorescence detection were applied. UV/Vis detection was found to be more powerful in identifying differences between the various humic and fulvic acids. The four aquifer systems investigated (“Gorleben”, “Fuhrberg”, “Franconian Albvorland” and “Munich”) differed from one another with respect to hydrological and geochemical conditions. The results showed that the GPC-elution behavior reflects the geochemical environment and origin (source material and generation process) of aquatic humic and fulvic acids.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002160051424
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