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  • Articles  (12)
  • Canadian Science Publishing  (6)
  • Springer  (6)
  • Springer Nature
  • Wiley-Blackwell
  • 1995-1999  (6)
  • 1990-1994  (6)
  • 1905-1909
  • 1880-1889
  • Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition  (12)
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  • Articles  (12)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Post-Harvest Residue Management of Creeping Red and Chewings Fescue Seed Crops (1998)
    Springer
    Agronomy journal 90 (1998), S. 69-73 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-0645
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Festuca rubra L. subsp. rubra cv. Cindy) and Chewings fescue (Festuca rubra L. subsp. commutata Gaudin cv. Center). Treatments were (i) straw residue removed and stubble flail-chopped (flail-chop), (ii) straw residue removed and stubble close-clipped and vacuum-swept (close-clip), (iii) straw residue removed and stubble propane-burned (propane-burn), and (iv) residue and stubble open-burned with full straw load (open-burn). Seed yield components were also measured, to identify the component through which treatments affected yield. Treatment effects on seed yield of both crops interacted with years. Averaged across years, creeping red fescue seed yield was 993, 903, 804, and 620 kg ha-1 for open-burn, propane-burn, close-clip, and flail-chop treatments, respectively. The greatest treatment effect was on number of panicles, and consequently on number of floret sites and seeds produced per unit area. The number of spikelets per panicle, florets per spikelet, and seeds produced per panicle were unaffected. Open-burn also resulted in the fewest weed seeds and the highest purity of the harvested seed. Treatments affected Chewings fescue seed yield in only one year, when seed yield was 750, 680, 477, and 553 kg ha-1 for open-burn, propane-burn, close-clip, and flail-chop treatments, respectively. Treatments did not affect the number of panicles or seeds produced per unit area in Chewings fescue, the number of weed seeds, or the purity of the harvested seed. We concluded that mechanical removal of postharvest residue in Chewings fescue can maintain seed yield and seed quality similar to open-burn. In contrast, open-burn is required to achieve maximum seed yield and seed quality in creeping red fescue.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Root elongation in saline solution related to calcium binding to root cell plasma membranes (1997)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 191 (1997), S. 67-76 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: calcium ; plasma membrane ; root elongation ; salinity ; sodium
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract To gain a better understanding of the relations between root elongation and the amount of Ca2+ bound to the plasma membrane (PM), melon plants were grown in aerated solutions containing different concentrations of CaCl2 with various concentrations of NaCl or mannitol. With increasing external concentrations of NaCl or mannitol, root elongation was suppressed. Addition of CaCl2 to the external medium alleviated the inhibition of root elongation by high concentrations of Na+, but not of mannitol. Root elongation in media containing high concentrations of NaCl was correlated with the computed amount of Ca2+ bound to the PM. A model describing relative root elongation (RRL) under salt stress was developed. This model takes into account the osmotic potential in the growing solution (based on the mannitol experiments) and the computed amount of Ca2+ bound to the PM. Calcium binding was calculated by applying a Gouy-Chapman-Stern sorption model using the same parameters deduced from studies on PM vesicles. This model combines electrostatic theory with competitive binding at the PM surface. The model for RRL allowed the computation of a critical value for the fraction of negative sites binding Ca2+ on the PM needed for nearly optimal (95%) root elongation. Any decrease below this critical value decreased the RRL. Root elongation of Honey Dew (salt-resistant cv.) was greater than that of Eshkolit Ha'Amaqim (salt-sensitive cv.) under NaCl stress. Nearly optimal root growth for Honey Dew and Eshkolit Ha'Amaqim occurred when 40% and 51% of total membrane charged sites were bound by Ca2+, respectively. The effect of osmotic potential on the suppression of root elongation was the same for the two cultivars. To our knowledge, this report provides the first fully quantitative estimates of PM-bound Ca2+ relative to salt toxicity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1004241506347
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identity of the rhizotoxic aluminium species (1991)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 134 (1991), S. 167-178 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Al3+ ; aluminium ; hydroxy-aluminium ; phytotoxicity ; polynuclear aluminium ; rhizotoxicity ; roots ; toxicity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The aluminium (III) released from soil minerals to the soil solution under acid conditions may appear as hexaaquaaluminium (Al(H2O)6 3+, or Al3+ for convenience) or may react with available ligands to form additional chemical species. That one or more of these species is rhizotoxic (inhibitory to root elongation) has been known for many decades, but the identity of the toxic species remains problematical for the following reasons. 1. Several Al species coexist in solution so individual species cannot be investigated in isolation, even in artificial culture media. 2. The activities of individual species must be calculated from equilibrium data that may be uncertain. 3. The unexpected or undetected appearance of the extremely toxic triskaidekaaluminium (AlO4Al12(OH)24(H2O)12 7+ or Al13) may cause misatribution of toxicity to other species, especially to mononuclear hydroxy-Al. 4. If H+ ameliorates Al3+ toxicity, or vice versa, then mononuclear hydroxy-Al may appear to be toxic when it is not. 5. The identity and activities of the Al species contacting the cell surfaces are uncertain because of the H+ currents through the root surface and because of surface charges. This article considers the implications of these problems for good experimental designs and critically evaluates current information regarding the relative toxicities of selected Al species. It is concluded that polycationic Al (charge 〉2) is rhizotoxic as are other polyvalent cations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00010729
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interactions of calcium sulfite with soils and plants (1995)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 173 (1995), S. 329-335 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: calcium sulfite ; flue gas desulfurization residue ; oxidation ; sulfur dioxide ; toxicity ; Triticum aestivum L.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract CaSO3 is a by-product formed by several of the processes used for scrubbing SO2 from flue gas produced by coal-burning power generators. Using CaSO3 to improve the calcium status of acid soils would be a beneficial alternative to disposal in landfills. CaSO3 has biocidal properties and is used as a disinfectant and food and drink preservative. It is important to evaluate under what conditions application to soils would not harm plant growth. Laboratory experiments confirmed that two transformations of CaSO3 occurred in soil systems: (1) decomposition to produce SO2 gas, and (2) oxidation to calcium sulfate. Conversion to SO2 occurred in solution and soil at low pH, and acid soils treated with CaSO3 were initially toxic to seedling root growth. The degree of toxicity was time-dependent, with reduction in toxicity occurring as CaSO3 oxidized to calcium sulfate. Soil reaction also influenced toxicity, and at soil pH levels above 6, little seedling toxicity was evident.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00011471
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  • 5
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    Forest wildfires as a recent source of CO2 at northern latitudes (1993)
    Canadian Science Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 1993-08-01
    Description: Since 1977, the extent of forest wildfires in the boreal and western regions of North America increased 6- to 9-fold over long-term trends, and an estimated 132 × 106 ha of temperate and boreal forest burned across the northern hemisphere. Emissions during and after burning may have been a significant feedback to global warming. Simulated carbon budgets indicated a hemispheric release of 1.4 Pg C during burning and 4.1 Pg C gross from CO2 fluxes postfire. The total release (5.5 Pg C) was 43% of the biospheric CO2 release to the atmosphere, 1977–1990. Over the next century (1991–2090), continuing emissions from wood and soil decomposition will release an additional 6.9 Pg C gross. A large CO2 release was contrary to assumptions of little net carbon flux in the temperate and boreal forests. The pattern of attenuated CO2 release in northern forests also contrasted with sharp emission peaks in tropical deforestation. A simulation experiment indicated that the CO2 pulse from direct emissions per unit area was 10-fold larger in tropical deforestation than in northern forest wildfires on average; postfire release in the northern systems, however, was about 10 times longer in duration and only slightly less overall than in tropical deforestation fires.
    Print ISSN: 0045-5067
    Electronic ISSN: 1208-6037
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Canadian Science Publishing
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  • 6
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    Stand volume estimation from tree counts in the context of vertical line sampling (1990)
    Canadian Science Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-03-01
    Description: Stand volume estimators are developed in the context of vertical line sampling that depend on counts of sample trees only, rather than on measurements of sample tree dimensions. These estimators are based on three commonly used individual tree volume equations: the constant form factor volume equation, the combined variable volume equation with negative intercept, and the combined variable volume equation with positive intercept. Fieldwork for each of the estimators involves comparison of the squared dbh's of trees that would qualify for selection in an ordinary vertical line sample with numbers chosen randomly from the interval bounded by zero and a fixed maximum squared dbh. Two of the estimators choose sample trees with probability exactly proportional to an individual tree volume equation.
    Print ISSN: 0045-5067
    Electronic ISSN: 1208-6037
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Canadian Science Publishing
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  • 7
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    Comparison of log volume estimates using formulae for log center of gravity and center of volume (1994)
    Canadian Science Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 1994-01-01
    Description: Formulae for estimating log center of gravity for logs of uniform density are presented that are based on frusta of simple solids of revolution. The center of gravity position for logs shaped as cones, paraboloids, paracones, neiloids, and logs having intermediate shapes can be estimated by using these formulae. A comparison of log volume estimates was made using the center of gravity and the center of volume locations as interlog positions for diameter measurements. The center of volume was found to be better than the center of gravity for log volume estimation. However, formulae for log center of gravity should be useful for engineering applications with logs of uniform density.
    Print ISSN: 0045-5067
    Electronic ISSN: 1208-6037
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Canadian Science Publishing
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  • 8
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    Use of a tree volume equation based on two lower-stem diameters to estimate forest volume from sample tree counts (1995)
    Canadian Science Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-06-01
    Description: A recently developed method of individual-tree volume prediction uses measurements of two lower-stem diameters, rather than the more traditional DBH and height measurements, to estimate stemwood. One form of the equation is linear with respect to volume between the two diameter measurements, as computed by Smalian's formula, and can be algebraically rearranged into the sum of two equations, one linear with respect to the square of the topmost lower-stem diameter, the other linear with respect to the square of the bottom lower-stem diameter. These two equations have the same form as local volume equations that are linear functions of the square of diameter. Because of this, a variation of horizontal point sampling can be used to select trees with probability exactly proportional to each of the equations. Forest volumes can be estimated from counts of trees obtained by comparing the point sampling gauge angle with individual tree diameters at the lower-stem diameter measurement points used by the individual-tree volume equation. To account for the negative intercept term in the linear equations, trees within a small fixed-radius plot are not included in the counts.
    Print ISSN: 0045-5067
    Electronic ISSN: 1208-6037
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Canadian Science Publishing
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  • 9
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    Variance reduction in Ueno's method and cylinder sampling for forest volume estimation (1995)
    Canadian Science Publishing
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    Publication Date: 1995-11-01
    Description: Three basic techniques are proposed for reducing the variance of the stand volume estimate provided by cylinder sampling and Ueno's method. Ueno's method is based on critical height sampling but does not require measurement of critical heights. Instead, a count of trees whose critical heights are less than randomly generated heights is used to estimate stand volume. Cylinder sampling selects sample trees for which randomly generated heights fall within cylinders formed by tree heights and point sampling plot sizes. The methods proposed here for variance reduction in cylinder sampling and Ueno's method are antithetic variates, importance sampling, and control variates. Cylinder sampling without variance reduction was the most efficient of 12 methods compared in computer simulation that used estimated measurement times. However, cylinder sampling requires knowledge of a combined variable individual tree volume equation. Of the three variance reduction techniques applied to Ueno's method, antithetic variates performed best in computer simulation.
    Print ISSN: 0045-5067
    Electronic ISSN: 1208-6037
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Canadian Science Publishing
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  • 10
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    Estimation of individual tree volume by importance sampling and antithetic variates from the cylindrical shells integral (1992)
    Canadian Science Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 1992-03-01
    Description: A method of estimating individual tree volume by importance sampling is developed that is based on the cylindrical shells volume integral. The cylindrical shells volume integral conceptualizes a tree stem as being a solid of revolution comprising a collection of thin cylinders. Previous applications of importance sampling to individual tree volume estimation have been based on the method of slices integral, in which the tree stem is viewed as a solid of revolution comprising a collection of thin disks. Both approaches provide unbiased estimates of individual tree volume for any monotonic tree taper, if it can be assumed that the tree is circular in cross section. An advantage of the cylindrical shells approach is that total tree height need not be measured to accomplish the estimation process, as would be required when using importance sampling estimators based on the method of slices integral. Tree volume estimation via importance sampling based on the cylindrical shells integral requires measurement of stump cross-sectional area, which is usually more easily obtained than total or merchantable height measurements. Both approaches require one or more upper stem diameter measurements. Computer simulation shows that use of antithetic variates with importance sampling reduces the variance of the volume estimate significantly when a paraboloid is used as a proxy taper function.
    Print ISSN: 0045-5067
    Electronic ISSN: 1208-6037
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Canadian Science Publishing
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