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  • cardiomyocytes  (3)
  • Aluminum toxicity  (2)
  • Triticum  (2)
  • toxicity  (2)
  • Springer  (7)
  • 1995-1999  (2)
  • 1990-1994  (5)
  • 1920-1924
  • 1905-1909
Collection
Keywords
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  • Springer  (7)
Years
  • 1995-1999  (2)
  • 1990-1994  (5)
  • 1920-1924
  • 1905-1909
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Post-receptor defect accounts for phosphorylase hypersensitivity in cultured diabetic cardiomyocytes (1992)
    Springer
    Molecular and cellular biochemistry 117 (1992), S. 63-70 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4919
    Keywords: glycogen phosphorylase ; alloxan-diabetes ; cardiomyocytes ; G-protein
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The basis for the hypersensitive response of glycogen phosphorylase to epinephrine stimulation was investigated in adult rat cardiomyocytes isolated from normal and alloxan-diabetic animals. To assess potential G-protein involvement in the response, normal and diabetic derived myocytes were incubated with either cholera or pertussis toxin prior to hormonal stimulation. Pretreatment of cardiomyocytes with cholera toxin resulted in a potentiated response to epinephrine stimulation whereas pertussis toxin did not affect the activation of this signaling pathway. To determine if the enhanced response of phosphorylase activation resulted from an alteration in adenylate cyclase activation, the cells were challenged with forskolin. After 3 hr in primary culture, diabetic cardiomyocytes exhibited a hypersensitive response to forskolin stimulation relative to normal cells. However, after 24 hr in culture, both normal and diabetic myocytes responded identically to forskolin challenge. The present data suggest that a cholera toxin sensitive G-protein mediates the hypersensitive response of glycogen phosphorylase to catecholamine stimulation in diabetic cardiomyocytes and this response which is present in alloxan-diabetic cells and is induced in vitro in normal cardiomyocytes is primarily due to a defect at a post-receptor site.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00230411
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transformation of adult ventricular myocytes with the temperature sensitive A58 (tsA58) mutant of the SV40 large T antigen (1994)
    Springer
    Molecular and cellular biochemistry 136 (1994), S. 29-34 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4919
    Keywords: cardiomyocytes ; SV40 large T antigen ; retroviral infection
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Freshly isolated ventricular myocytes have been used extensively as an adult cardiac model system. Due to their inability to undergo cytokinesisin vitro and their dedifferentiated properties in long-term culture, they can not be used for extended studies. Recent reports tell of the establishment of fetal and neonatal cardiac cell lines and the development of adult cardiomyocytes from transgenic animals. A recent report by Kirshenbaum [1], is the first to demonstrate insertion of genes in to adult ventricular myocytes using viral infection. This paper discusses the infection of primary adult differentiated cardiomyocytes with the SV40 large T antigen and subsequent proliferation under temperature sensitive control. Upon further characterization, the cells could be used as a model to study muscle differentiation and repair as well as adult cardiac cell physiology.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00931601
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification of the molecular basis for phosphorylase hypersensitivity in cultured diabetic cardiomyocytes (1995)
    Springer
    Molecular and cellular biochemistry 145 (1995), S. 131-139 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4919
    Keywords: glycogen phosphorylase ; alloxan-diabetes ; cardiomyocytes ; cGMP ; phosphodiesterase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The focus of this study was to identify the molecular basis for the hypersensitive response of glycogen phosphorylase activation to epinephrine stimulation in alloxan diabetic-derived cardiomyocytes. Cyclic AMP levels were found not to be significantly different between normal and diabetic-derived cells while cGMP concentrations were found consistently to be significantly lower in diabetic-derived cells than in normal cells. Treatment with cyclic GMP analogues did not affect phosphorylase activation by epinephrine in normal cardiomyocytes whereas, IBMX, a nonselective phosphodiesterase inhibitor, had a significant effect on basal and agonist-stimulated phosphorylase activity in both normal and diabetic-derived cardiomyocytes. Differences in the time course for the rate of decay of phosphorylasea from agonist-stimulated to basal levels were observed between normal and diabetic cells. After 3 h in primary culture, phosphorylasea activity returned to basal levels more quickly in normal than in diabetic-derived cells while after 24 h in culture, the time for phosphorylasea decay was not significantly different between normal and diabetic myocytes and was longer than the 3 h response. After 3 h in primary culture, no significant difference in phosphorylase kinase activity was observed between normal and diabetic-derived cells exposed to epinephrine whereas, after 24 h in culture, phosphorylase kinase activity was significantly decreased in diabetic cells under basal and agonist-stimulated conditions. These data collectively suggest that the hypersensitive response of glycogen phosphorylase to epinephrine stimulation in diabetic-derived cardiomyocytes is not due to a defect present at the level of phosphorylase kinase but may, in part, result from an alteration in cardiac phosphodiesterase activity resulting from diminished intracellular cyclic GMP concentrations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00935485
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Al3+-Ca2+ interactions in aluminum rhizotoxicity (1993)
    Springer
    Planta 192 (1993), S. 104-109 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Aluminum toxicity ; Calcium displacement ; Electrical potential ; Root ; Triticum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Several mineral rhizotoxicities, including those induced by Al3+, H+, and Na+, can be relieved by elevated Ca2+ in the rooting medium. This leads to the hypothesis that the toxic cations displace Ca2+ from transport channels or surface ligands that must be occupied by Ca2+ in order for root elongation to occur. In this study with wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seedlings, we have determined, in the case of Al3+, that (i) Ca2+, Mg2+, and Sr2+ are equally ameliorative, (ii) that root elongation does not increase as Ca2+ replaces Mg2+ or Sr2+ in the rooting media, and (iii) that rhizotoxicity is a function solely of Al3+ activity at the root-cell membrane surface as computed by a Gouy-Chapman-Stern model. The rhizotoxicity was indifferent to the computed membrane-surface Ca2+ activity. The rhizotoxicity induced by high levels of tris(ethylenediamine)cobaltic ion (TEC3+), in contrast to Al3+, was specifically relieved by Ca2+ at the membrane surface. The rhizotoxicity induced by H+ exhibited a weak specific response to Ca2+ at the membrane surface. We conclude that the Ca2+-displacement hypothesis fails in the case of Al3+ rhizotoxicity and that amelioration by cations (including monovalent cations) occurs because of decreased membrane-surface negativity and the consequent decrease in the membrane-surface activity of Al3+. However, TEC3+, but not Al3+, may be toxic because it inhibits Ca2+ uptake. The nature of the specific H+-Ca2+ interaction is uncertain.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00198699
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Al3+-Ca2+ interactions in aluminum rhizotoxicity (1993)
    Springer
    Planta 192 (1993), S. 98-103 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Aluminum toxicity ; Calcium uptake ; Growth inhibition ; Root ; Triticum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The cation Al3+ is toxic to plants at micromolar concentrations and can severely inhibit root growth in solution experiments. Trivalent aluminum hydrolyzes in solution, and, apart from the Al3+ ion, which dominates speciation below pH 5.0, various mononuclear and polynuclear hydroxy-Al species can also occur (Kinraide 1991). Accumulating evidence suggests that Al3+ is the rhizotoxic species under the experimental conditions used in the present study (Kinraide 1991; Kinraide et al. 1992). The inhibition of Ca2+ uptake in roots by Al3+ has been proposed as a possible mechanism for Al3+ toxicity, and in this study the hypothesis was tested directly. Root growth and Ca2+ uptake were measured in 5-d-old seedlings of wheat (Triticum aestivum L. Thell) during exposure to Al3+ in a low-Ca2+ basal medium, and to Al3+ in the presence of added cations. Uptake of Ca2+ in whole roots and translocation to the shoot were measured using 45Ca2+, and localized measurements of net Ca2+ flux were also made at the root apex using the technique of microelectrode ion-flux estimation. Treatment with 2.64 μM AlCl3 in 226 μM CaCl2, at pH 4.5, severely inhibited root growth without affecting Ca2+ uptake. Addition of 30 mM Na2+, 3 mM Mg2+ or 50 μM tris(ethylenediamine)cobalt(III) to this Al3+ treatment restored root growth but significantly reduced Ca2+ uptake measured over the entire root system and at the root apex. The Al3+ and Ca2+ concentrations were adjusted so that the activities of the Al3+ and Ca2+ ions were constant in all solutions (1.5 μM and 200 μM, respectively). Root growth can be severely inhibited by Al3+ concentrations that do not affect Ca2+ uptake, while the addition of ameliorating cations depresses Ca2+ uptake. These results argue against the hypothesis that Al3+ inhibits root growth by reducing Ca2+ uptake.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00198698
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identity of the rhizotoxic aluminium species (1991)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 134 (1991), S. 167-178 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Al3+ ; aluminium ; hydroxy-aluminium ; phytotoxicity ; polynuclear aluminium ; rhizotoxicity ; roots ; toxicity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The aluminium (III) released from soil minerals to the soil solution under acid conditions may appear as hexaaquaaluminium (Al(H2O)6 3+, or Al3+ for convenience) or may react with available ligands to form additional chemical species. That one or more of these species is rhizotoxic (inhibitory to root elongation) has been known for many decades, but the identity of the toxic species remains problematical for the following reasons. 1. Several Al species coexist in solution so individual species cannot be investigated in isolation, even in artificial culture media. 2. The activities of individual species must be calculated from equilibrium data that may be uncertain. 3. The unexpected or undetected appearance of the extremely toxic triskaidekaaluminium (AlO4Al12(OH)24(H2O)12 7+ or Al13) may cause misatribution of toxicity to other species, especially to mononuclear hydroxy-Al. 4. If H+ ameliorates Al3+ toxicity, or vice versa, then mononuclear hydroxy-Al may appear to be toxic when it is not. 5. The identity and activities of the Al species contacting the cell surfaces are uncertain because of the H+ currents through the root surface and because of surface charges. This article considers the implications of these problems for good experimental designs and critically evaluates current information regarding the relative toxicities of selected Al species. It is concluded that polycationic Al (charge 〉2) is rhizotoxic as are other polyvalent cations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00010729
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interactions of calcium sulfite with soils and plants (1995)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 173 (1995), S. 329-335 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: calcium sulfite ; flue gas desulfurization residue ; oxidation ; sulfur dioxide ; toxicity ; Triticum aestivum L.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract CaSO3 is a by-product formed by several of the processes used for scrubbing SO2 from flue gas produced by coal-burning power generators. Using CaSO3 to improve the calcium status of acid soils would be a beneficial alternative to disposal in landfills. CaSO3 has biocidal properties and is used as a disinfectant and food and drink preservative. It is important to evaluate under what conditions application to soils would not harm plant growth. Laboratory experiments confirmed that two transformations of CaSO3 occurred in soil systems: (1) decomposition to produce SO2 gas, and (2) oxidation to calcium sulfate. Conversion to SO2 occurred in solution and soil at low pH, and acid soils treated with CaSO3 were initially toxic to seedling root growth. The degree of toxicity was time-dependent, with reduction in toxicity occurring as CaSO3 oxidized to calcium sulfate. Soil reaction also influenced toxicity, and at soil pH levels above 6, little seedling toxicity was evident.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00011471
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