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  • Chemistry  (28)
  • Polymer and Materials Science  (16)
  • Life and Medical Sciences  (10)
  • Inorganic Chemistry  (3)
  • 1995-1999  (9)
  • 1990-1994  (26)
  • 1925-1929  (3)
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Keywords
Publisher
Years
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies on the chemical syntheses and on the characteristics of polyaniline derivatives (1995)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 33 (1995), S. 1227-1234 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: polyanilines ; derivatives ; chemical synthesis ; oxidation state ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Syntheses of parent polyaniline and methyl, methoxy, and ethoxy ortho-substituted polyanilines were performed using the conventional chemical methodology and monitored using the new open-circuit-potential (Voc) profile technique. The intermediate pernigraniline oxidation state was identified and isolated at the Voc maximum (A) during the conventional chemical synthesis of poly(o-methoxyaniline) in the emeraldine oxidation state. The introduction of the substituent on the aniline ring leads to longer polymerization times and lower Voc values. Syntheses in the presence of two different monomers in solution were also investigated and showed preferential polymerization of the monomer with the lowest Voc potential. All polymers produced were characterized by elemental analysis, gel permeation chromatography, UV-VIS spectroscopy, and cyclic voltammetry. The influence of the substituent on the Voc profile and on the polymer characteristics are rationalized in terms of steric and electronic effects. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1995.080330805
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Human cardiac and skeletal muscle spectrins: Differential expression and localization (1992)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 21 (1992), S. 293-304 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: erythroid spectrin ; non-erythroid spectrin ; Z-line ; membrane ; neuromuscular junction ; developmental changes ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: We describe multiple human cardiac and skeletal muscle spectrin isoforms. Cardiac muscle expresses five erythroid α,β spectrin-reactive isoforms with estimated MR's of 280, 274, 270, 255, and 246 kD, respectively At least one nonerythroid α-spectrin of MR 284 kD is expressed in heart. While skeletal muscle shares the 280, 270, and 246 kD erythroid spectrins, it expresses an immunologically distinct 284 kD nonerythroid α-spectrin isoform. The 255 kD erythroid β-spectrin isoform is specific for cardiac tissue. By immunocytochemistry, both erythroid β- and nonerythroid α-spectrins are localized to costameres, the plasma membrane, and the neuromuscular junctional region.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970210405
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis of polyaniline/polytoluidine block copolymer via the pernigraniline oxidation state (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer International 35 (1994), S. 89-93 
    Details
    ISSN: 0959-8103
    Keywords: polyaniline ; pernigraniline oxidation state ; copolymer ; synthesis ; electrochemistry ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Polyaniline was electrochemically synthesized in the emeraldine oxidation state and then converted to the pernigraniline oxidation state by applying an electric potential under optimized conditions. The stability/reactivity of polyaniline in the pernigraniline oxidation state was evaluated in various aqueous media. The products of the reduction of the pernigraniline oxidation state by o-toluidine were analyzed by gel permeation chromatography, ultraviolet-visible and infrared spectroscopies, and cyclic voltammetry. The results are consistent with the synthesis of a diblock copolymer of polyaniline/poly(o-toluidine) and also of some poly(o-toluidine) homopolymer in the emeraldine oxidation state as a side product.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pi.1994.210350110
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A new process for fabricating nonwoven fibrous-reinforced elastomer composites (1992)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 46 (1992), S. 375-375 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1992.070460219
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies related to in-plane flow behavior of elastomer matrix in nonwoven fibrous structures (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 51 (1994), S. 1629-1646 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The purpose of the present work has been to produce knowledge as regards the rheological behavior of polymer matrix in nonwoven fibrous reinforcing structures for composites. The results are expected to contribute toward a better understanding of flow mechanisms in fibrous systems in order to develop better techniques for fabricating elastomer-based composites. Theoretical and experimental analyses have been made of interactions between the structural parameters of the fibrous mats and the flow characteristics of the matrix with systematically varied material and process parameters. In nonwoven mats with fibers laid lengthwise, the flow rate along the fiber direction was found to be significantly higher than the flow rate crosswise to the fiber direction. Nonwoven mats with multidirectionally laid fibers exhibited a practically radial flow front pattern. Nonwoven mats made of coarser fibers showed greater matrix polymer flow rate as compared with finer fibers. The matrix flow distance was proportional to the logarithm of injection time. The decrease of pressure in the mold cavity was linearly proportional to the matrix flow distance. The dependence of permeability on the level of compression of the fibrous structure is in agreement with the results published by other workers. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 21 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1994.070510913
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A new process for fabricating nonwoven fibrous-reinforced elastomer composites (1992)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 45 (1992), S. 1693-1704 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A new type of mold was developed and tested for structural reaction injection molding (SRIM) of elastomer composites having polymer matrices made from a mixture of two components. These mixtures had short pot lives and relatively high viscosity. Channel systems for polymer feeding and vacuum application were investigated. The mold cavity was provided with up to 24 polymer feeding holes and 38 vacuuming holes. The cavity and channels were made from transparent materials that allowed easy observation and video recording of the polymer matrix flow. In addition, some design parameters were studied such as channel layout. Investigations were carried out on the mechanism of polymer matrix flow and fiber breakage during the formation of fiber-reinforced composites made of non-woven fiber reinforcement structures with considerably longer fiber lengths than reported earlier. Other studies included determination of the effects of fiber type, fiber dimensions, and fiber/matrix v/v ratio on the matrix flow during impregnation. © 1992 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1992.070451002
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies of the effect of fiber surface and matrix rheological properties on nonwoven reinforced elastomer composites (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 57 (1995), S. 751-765 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The influence of fiber type and fiber-surface properties on matrix flow behavior was investigated using structural reaction injection-molding (SRIM). The influence of fiber type, fiber-surface properties, and matrix type on strength properties in elastomeric composites reinforced with nonwoven fibrous structures was investigated using tensile tests on elastomer composite samples from SRIM and latex coagulation (LC) fabrication methods and the microbond strength method on individual fibers. The fibers used were PET, LLDPE, and p-aramid. Fibers were treated with epoxy, styrene, and isocyanate derivatives, which make the surface chemically reactive. Treatments were also made with NaOH and a copolymer of polyester and polyol ether, causing a change in the fiber surface energy. The matrix types were polyurethane elastomer and natural rubber. The results show that the surface treatments which produced a change in the surface energy influenced the flow rate of the matrix polymer during the composite fabrication process. The treatments resulted in chemically reactive fiber surfaces which improved the fiber-matrix bond strength without affecting the Young's modulus of the composite material. Good correlation was found between bond strength and surface energy including the dispersive component of surface energy in the case of polyurethane elastomer and surface-modified PET fibers. The age of the polyurethane matrix has a marked influence on the bond strength. The fiber volume fraction in composites has a strong influence on the Young's modulus of the elastomer composite. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1995.070570610
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Measurement of adhesion between fibers and fast curing elastomer resin (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 50 (1993), S. 863-874 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A method was developed to measure the adhesion between fibers and fast curing elastomer, in droplet form, using the microbond pull-out method. Samples were fabricated by arranging the fibers as a grid on which elastomer droplets were formed for testing. A droplet sliding test method was developed to investigate the nature of the sites of the droplets on the fiber after displacement of the droplets. Fibers of polyester, aramid, and HMW-polyethylene were tested with resins of polyurethane and natural rubber latex. The fibers had been surface-treated by corona, gamma radiation, or methanol extraction. The shape of the droplets was determined by microscopic measurement. The shear strength of the fiber/matrix bond was tested using a microvise grip in a tensile strength tester. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1993.070500514
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Importance of Magnetic Coupling Through Atoms with Large Spin Densities - Structure and Magnetic Properties of meso-Tetrakis-(4′-tert-Butylphenyl)Porphinatomanganese(III) Hexacyanobutadienide, [MnIIITtBuPP]+[C4(CN)6].- (1997)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemistry - A European Journal 3 (1997), S. 138-142 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-6539
    Keywords: electron transfer ; magnetic properties ; metalloporphryins ; polymers ; spin density ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: [MnIIITtBuPP]+[C4(CN)6].- · 5PhMe [MnIIITtBuPP = meso-tetrakis-(4′-tert-butylphenyl)porphinatomanganese(III)] has been prepared and structurally and magnetically characterized. The uniform, linear-chain (1-D) coordination polymer comprises alternating cations and anions. The bond lengths in planar ion [C4(CN)6].-]'- are 1.377(10) (CC-CC), 1.418(7) (C-CCC), 1.414 (C-CN), 1.457 (C-CNMn), 1.150 (C≡N), and 1.134 Å (C = NMn). The Mn-N-C angle is 172.3(4)°, and the intrachain Mn  -  Mn separation is 10.685 Å. Each [C4(CN)6].-]' unit is bonded to two MnIII atoms through the interior nitrogen atoms in a trans-μ2-N-σ manner with N-Mn bond lengths of 2.353 Å. The ṽCN absorptions are at 2217 (w, br) and 2190 (m) cm-1. Above 50 K the magnetic susceptibility of [MnIIITtBuPP]+[C4(CN)6].- can be fitted to the Curie-Weiss expression, χ∝1(T - θ), with an effective θ of -13 K. This is consistent with weak antiferromagnetic coupling, which is in contrast to the effective θ of +67 K for the uniform chain [MnIIIOEP]+[C4(CN)6].- [OEP = octaethylporphinato]. Here, the [C4(CN)6].-'- units are bonded to the MnIII centers through endo CN nitrogen atoms in a similar trans-μ2 manner. Density functional theory MO calculations reveal that the spin density of the CN nitrogen atom bound to [MnIIITtBuPP]+ (0.019 μBÅ-3) is significantly lower than that of the N atom bound to [MnIIIOEP]+ (0.102 μBÅ-3). This is consistent with the reduced spin coupling observed for [MnIIITtBuPP]+[C4(CN)6].-with respect to [MnIIITtBuPP]+[C4(CN)6].-, as evidenced by the lower θ value. The different orientations of the [C4(CN)6].- units - almost perpendicular (84.72°) for [MnIIITtBuPP]+[C4(CN)6].- and substantially tilted (32.1°) for [MnIIIOEP]+ [C4(CN)6].- may also contribute to the poorer overlap and weaker spin coupling. Hence, binding between sites with large spin densities is needed to stabilize strong ferromagnetic coupling.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chem.19970030121
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fabrication methods for latex-based elastomer composites reinforced with long discontinuous fibers (1992)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 44 (1992), S. 263-277 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Rubber- or elastomer-based composites have so far been reinforced with randomly dispersed staple fibers of very short lengths. In this work, methods have been devised to produce composites where the dispersed fibers have considerably greater lengths. This achievement was possible by applying the rubber or elastomer as latex when mixing it with the fibers. As compared with earlier processes, the viscosity is considerably lower, thus permitting easier mixing so that longer staple fibers can readily be used.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1992.070440211
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