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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Decoherence and Vacuum Fluctuations (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 755 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1995.tb39015.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The use of 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole to investigate the short-term effects of oxygen toxicity on carbon assimilation by Pisum sativum seedlings (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant, cell & environment 15 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: To study the in vivo short-term effect of hydrogen peroxide on plant metabolism, 2 mol m−3 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole, a catalase inhibitor, was applied through the transpiration stream to Pisum sativum seedlings, and gas exchange characteristics, ascorbate peroxidase, glutathione reductase and catalase activities, and levels of hydrogen peroxide and formate were determined. Carbon dioxide assimilation rates were inhibited after the addition of aminotriazole: photorespiratory conditions exacerbated this inhibition. Carbon dioxide response curves showed that aminotriazole reduced both the RuBP regeneration rate and the efficiency of the carboxylation reaction of Rubisco. Catalase activity was completely inhibited 200 min after the application of this inhibitor, but no concomitant increase in H2O2 concentration was found. Under enhanced photorespiratory conditions, H2O2 concentrations increased. This suggests that under normal environmental conditions hydrogen peroxide is metabolized via alternative mechanisms. The aminotriazole treatment had no effect on the ascotbate peroxidase and glutathione reductase activities, but caused a substantial increase in the formate pool size. These results suggest that hydrogen peroxide is metabolized by reacting with glyoxylate to produce formate and CO2. The increased production of formate may reduce the flow of carbon through the normal photorespiratory pathway and may also be used anaplerotically as a precursor of products of 1-C metabolism other than serine. This would prevent the return of photorespiratory carbon to the RPP pathway, leading to a smaller RuBP pool size which would in turn result in a decrease in carboxylation conductance (carboxylation efficiency) and regeneration rate of RuBP.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3040.1992.tb01007.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The BATSE search for absorption lines (1995)
    Springer
    Astrophysics and space science 231 (1995), S. 145-148 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-946X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract No absorption lines between 15 and 100 keV have been detected in burst spectra accumulated by BATSE. Almost 250 bursts have been inspected visually, and a computerized search has begun. Our simulations show that BATSE could indeed detect lines similar to those observed byGinga in strong bursts, and our tests of the detectors' actual capabilities demonstrate they function as understood. The apparent discrepancy between BATSE andGinga is not yet compelling, and therefore the BATSE nondetections do not invalidate theGinga detections. Nonetheless, the absence of BATSE line detections indicates a low line-occurrence frequency.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00658604
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Batse spectroscopy detector calibration (1992)
    Springer
    Experimental astronomy 2 (1992), S. 307-330 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9508
    Keywords: BATSE Spectroscopy Detector ; Detector Calibration ; Gamma Ray Detector ; Gamma Ray Burst
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We describe the channel-to-energy calibration of the Spectroscopy Detectors of the Burst and Transient Source Experiment (BATSE) on the Compton Gamma Ray Observatory (GRO). These detectors consist of NaI(Tl) crystals viewed by photomultiplier tubes whose output in turn is measured by a pulse height analyzer. The calibration of these detectors has been complicated by frequent gain changes and by nonlinearities specific to the BATSE detectors. Nonlinearities in the light output from the NaI crystal and in the pulse height analyzer are shifted relative to each other by changes in the gain of the photomultiplier tube. We present the analytical model which is the basis of our calibration methodology, and outline how the empirical coefficients in this approach were determined. We also describe the complications peculiar to the Spectroscopy Detectors, and how our understanding of the detectors' operation led us to a solution to these problems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00690088
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Detection of a γ-ray burst of very long duration and very high energy (1994)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 372 (1994), S. 652-654 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] This event occurred on 1994 February 17 at 82,962s UT. Figure 1 shows the location of the burst as determined by the Compton Telescope (COMPTEL)8, the Energetic Gamma-Ray Experiment Telescope (EGRET) and Interplanetary Network (Ulysses/Burst And Transient Source Experiment, BATSE). Figure 2 shows ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/372652a0
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Language visualisation: Applications and theoretical foundations of a primitive-based approach (1995)
    Springer
    Artificial intelligence review 9 (1995), S. 215-235 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7462
    Keywords: language visualisation ; software visualisation ; visualisation theory ; language animation ; primitive-based visualisation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract Language visualisation consists of using consistent and systematic mappings between language expressions and graphical forms, where the graphical forms constitute or convey the meaning of the expressions. Primitive-based applications are described for both natural and artificial language (story visualisation and program visualisation, respectively). On the basis of these and other applications some foundational concepts are identified in a bottom-up theory of visualisation. A universal visualisation system architecture is proposed, as is a basic visual object taxonomy for classifying any visualisation object. Also, preliminary steps are taken towards constructing a top-down theory.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00849181
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Contribution of damped passive recoil to the measured shortening velocity of skinned rabbit and sheep muscle fibres (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of muscle research and cell motility 13 (1992), S. 295-307 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2657
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Maximum shortening velocities of skinned fibres from rabbit psoas and sheep extensor digitorum longus muscles were measured by the slack test and by extrapolating force-velocity curves to zero load. Both overall muscle velocity and sarcomere velocity were measured with each method. Maximum sarcomere velocity measured by the slack test was not significantly different from that assessed from the force-velocity curves (p〉 0.1). Maximum overall muscle velocity measured from the slack test was significantly (p 〉 0.001) and substantially (62% rabbit, 83% sheep) greater than maximum sarcomere velocity. The difference is attributed to damped recoil of the series elastic elements contributing to the overall muscle velocity. The extent and time course of this damped recoil in isotonic steps was assessed from comparisons of overall muscle length and sarcomere length records during isotonic steps. When the records were shifted and scaled so that they superposed during the late stages of isotonic shortening, there was a substantial difference between the early parts of the records. This difference was reduced by about half in association with the step and the remaining half declined at a diminishing rate following the step, lasting longer with lower loads. This result is explained by about half of the series elastic element behaving as a viscoelastic element and half being undamped. With steps to the lowest isotonic loads, which averaged 6.7% of isometric force in sheep and 9.5% in rabbit, the total series elastic element recoil (both damped and undamped) averaged 3.4% and 2.7% of fibre segment length, respectively, in sheep and rabbit. The rapid series elastic element recoil at zero load, assessed from the slack test, was approximately 50% higher, indicating a substantial series compliance at low forces. The contribution of an additional, longer lasting, damped series elastic element recoil to the overall muscle velocity can explain the greater maximum velocity that is frequently found with the slack test.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01766457
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Batse time-resolved observations of GRBs: the burst ‘topographic’ map (1995)
    Springer
    Astrophysics and space science 231 (1995), S. 149-152 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-946X
    Keywords: Gamma rays: bursts ; Methods: data analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract It is a well-known observation that many GRBs have spectra with curvature in the less than 1 MeV regime, but flatten out to approximately a -2 power law at higher energies. The large collecting area of BATSE allows spectral studies with unprecedented time resolution. We are conducting a systematic study of time-resolved spectroscopy of GRBs observed by BATSE. Several aspects of this survey are discussed: correlations among fit parameters and between fit parameters and intensity; screening for spectral features usingσ-residual contour maps; and an introduction to the GRB ‘topographic’ map and its possible qualitative diagnostic abilities.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00658605
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The evaluation of BATSE line candidates (1995)
    Springer
    Astrophysics and space science 231 (1995), S. 203-206 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-946X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We evaluated the significance of the line candidates identified by the visual search of burst spectra from BATSE's spectroscopy detectors. None of the candidates satisfy the detection criteria: anF-test probability less than 10−4 for a feature in one detector and consistency among the detectors which viewed the burst. Most of the candidates are not very significant, and are likely to be fluctuations. Because of the expectation of finding absorption lines, the search was biased towards absorption features. We do not have a quantitative measure of the completeness of the search which would form the basis of a comparison with previous missions. Therefore a more objective computerized search has begun.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00658617
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    GRBs in the 5-10 keV regime as seen by BATSE (1995)
    Springer
    Astrophysics and space science 231 (1995), S. 207-210 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-946X
    Keywords: Gamma rays: bursts ; Methods: data analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The BATSE Spectroscopy Detectors (SDs) each have a thin beryllium window which allows detection of photons down to 5 keV. Until recently, exploitation of low-energy SD discriminator data has been held up by a lack of knowledge of its energy coverage. A recent series of in-flight changes in the instrument configuration has allowed the SD discriminators to be calibrated fairly accurately. With this in hand, we have surveyed BATSE GRBs for such features as X-ray precursors and after-glows in the roughly 5-10 keV band. For a large percentage of the BATSE bursts, no emission is observed in this energy band. In some cases where low-energy emission has been observed, ratios of flux histories indicate differential spectral evolution. In addition, we have obtained joint spectral fits between the low-energy data and the regular SD data, showing that a single spectral model is sometimes insufficient to fit the entire energy range.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00658618
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