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  • Cell & Developmental Biology  (14)
  • Lanthanides  (9)
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (23)
  • 1995-1999  (10)
  • 1990-1994  (12)
  • 1950-1954  (1)
  • 1925-1929
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  • Wiley-Blackwell  (23)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 223 (1995), S. 269-287 
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The prenatal development of epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis was studied in embryos of different ago of two delphinid species (Stenella attenuata, Delphinus delphis), using light and transmission electron microscopical methods. The delphinid embryo is covered by a multilayered tissue formed by four different epidermal generations (periderm, stratum intermedium-I, str. intermedium-II, str. spinosum) produced by the str. basale. The first layer appears at about 40-50 mm of body length, the second type (s.i.-I) about 60-160 mm, and the third type (s.i.-II) is present at 160-500 mm. The first spinosal cells are produced at 225-260 mm body length; thenceforth, the epidermis increases continuously in thickness. Epidermal ridge formation begins about 400-mm body length. The development of the dermis is characterized by the early production of thin connective tissue fibers (40- 70-mm body length) and simultaneously the cutaneuous muscle matures in structure. Vascular development intensifies between embryos of 150-225 mm, and collagen production increases markedly in fetuses of 225-260-mm length. These events are paralledled by an increase in dermal thickness. The first elastic fibers can be recognized in the skin from the abdomen at about 600-mm body length. The development of the hypodermis is marked by very rapid and constantly progressing growth, beginning about 60-mm body length. The first typical fat cells appear in animals of 360-400 mm. Regional differences are obvious for all skin layers with regard to the flippers, where structural maturation proceeds more rapidly than in dorsal or abdominal regions. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 22 (1992), S. 250-256 
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: cytoskeletal localization ; signal transduction ; intermediate filaments ; rat basophilic leukemia cells ; translocation ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Protein kinase C (PKC) isoforms are key mediators in hormone, growth factor, and neurotransmitter triggered pathways of cell activation (Nishizuka: Science 233:305-312, 1986; Nature 334:661-665, 1988). Stimulation of kinase activity by diacylglycerol and calcium often leads to translocation of PKC from the cytosol to a particulate fraction (Kraft and Anderson: Nature 301:621-623, 1983). The β isoform of PKC is translocated and degraded much more rapidly than the β isoform in phorbolester-stimulated rat basophilic leukemia (RBL) cells (Huang et al.: J. Biol. Chem. 264:4238-4243, 1989). We report here immunofluorescence evidence that the distributions of PKC α and β are strikingly different in antigen-activated RBL cells. PKC β associates with perinuclear filaments and filaments that extend from the perinuclear area to the cell periphery whereas PKC β concentrates in regions of the cell periphery. This distribution of PKC β is distinctly different from that of actin filaments and microtubules as determined by phalloidin staining and by anti-tubulin antibody labeling. In contrast, the staining patterns obtained with antibodies to PKC β and to the intermediate filament protein vimentin are almost identical, indicating that PKC β associates with vimentin filaments. These bundles of 100 Å filaments may provide docking sites for interactions of PKC β with its substrates and thus confer specificity to the actions of this isoform. © 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 30 (1995), S. 67-72 
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: Nicotiana ; Hordeum ; microtubule ; cell differentiation ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Changes in the tubulin-protein and -poly(A)+RNA contents were monitored by means of Western and Northern blot analyses, respectively, during growth and maturation of leaves of a dicotyledonous (tobacco) and monocotyledonous (barley) plant. It was recently argued from immunofluorescence and preliminary biochemical data that the density of microtubular networks and concomitantly the tubulin content are distinctly reduced after cessation of cell growth in leaves [Jung et al., 1993]. The results presented now confirm and extend this view. There appeared to be clear differences between the monocot and the dicot: (1) the loss of tubulin during leaf development was much slower in the dicot than in the monocot leaves (within months instead of days); (2) the degree of loss was more dramatic in the monocot leaf and only very low threshold levels of tubulin were retained in fully differentiated tissues; and (3) the loss of tubulin in the monocot leaf tissue appeared to be correlated with the decrease in the mRNA content, whereas the high level of tubulin-RNA in fully differentiated or even almost senescent dicot leaves indicated a gene expression control at the posttranscriptional level.The comparatively rapid and very distinct tubulin-protein and -RNA disappearance during development of the monocot leaf tissues confirm at the molecular level that differentiation proceeds much faster and is much more determinative in these leaves, as was postulated from histological and physiological data. The differences in the behaviour of the microtubular cytoskeleton perhaps even reflect the differences in the ability of the differentiated leaf cells to dedifferentiate, i.e., to establish new sets of microtubules and to reenter the mitotic cell cycle, e.g., during would response, tumour induction or in vitro culture. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: stromal cells ; cytokines ; synergy ; high proliferative potential stem cell ; Dexter culture ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: The intramedullary control of marrow cell production has been a difficult area to approach experimentally. The introduction by Dr. Dexter and colleagues of long-term stromal dependent culture systems for murine marrow and the adaptation of these systems to human marrow growth have allowed for in-vitro studies of stromal dependent hemopoiesis. Despite some controversy in this area, most studies appear to show that adherent murine or human stromal cells are capable of producing a relatively large number of hemopoietic growth factors including G-CSF, GM-CSF, CSF-1, IL-6 and, at least by PCR analysis, IL-3. Other work indicates that the most primitive hemopoietic cells which appear to be multifactor responsive adhere directly to these stromal cells presumably through mediation of various adherence proteins.An early acting, multilineage factor termed hemolymphopoietic growth factor-1 (HLGF-1) has been isolated from a murine stromal cell line and may be identical to the recently described ligand for the c-kit receptor. This may represent an important early survival/maintenance factor for stem cells in this system.Studies on primitive stem cells, especially the high proliferative potential colony forming cell (HPP-CFC), indicate that they are responsive to varying combinations of growth factors and that with increasing numbers of growth factors, as studied in serum-free systems, decreasing concentrations of the factors may be biologically active.These observations altogether suggest that intramedullary hemopoiesis may be regulated by the positioning of early multifactor responsive stem cells via adherent proteins in juxtaposition to synergistically acting combinations of grwoth factors attached to stromal cell surfaces or the extracellular matrix. In addition, selective production of different growth factors from different subsets of cells may create growth factor gradients and explain the spacial distribution of different cell types within the marrow cavity.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: rat protein kinase C ; recombinant baculovirus ; antisera ; phorbol ester ; isoenzymes ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Expression of rat protein kinase C-δ (PKC-δ ) and PKC-ξ in insect cells using recombinant baculovirus resulted in the production of proteins with a molecular size of approximately 76 kD and 78 kD, respectively, as determined by immunoblotting with subtype-specific antisera. Although the PKC-ξ cDNA encoded for 592 amino acids, a 76 kD protein was also generated by in vitro transcription/translation. Extracts of cells expressing PKC-δ were able to bind phorbol ester to levels comparable to extracts of cells expressing PKC-α. No phorbol ester binding was, however, detected in insect cell extracts expressing PKC-ξ. However, similar levels of protein kinase activity were detected in lysates of cells expressing PKC-δ or PKC-ξ when protamine sulfate was used as exogenous substrate. Compared to protamine sulfate, both, myelin basic protein (MBP) or histone, were poor substrates for PKC-δ and PKC-ξ. In contrast to PKC-ξ, the PKC-δ enzyme activity phosphorylated MBP or histone in a phosphatidylserine-(PS)/diacylglycerol(DG)-dependent manner, albeit not to the same extent as PKC-α. Lack of stimulation of the enzyme activity of PKC-ξ by PS/DG, was confirmed by endogenous phosphorylation of insect cell proteins by PKC-ξ, whereas several insect cell proteins were phosphorylated by PKC-δ in a PS/DG-dependent manner, including a protein of 78 kD.Our data demonstrate that the 76 kD PKC-ξ, in contrast to PKC-δ, is unable to bind phorbol esters and displays a protein kinase activity that is independent of PS of PS/DG. In addition, staurosporine was about 2-4 order of magnitudes less effective in inhibiting the protein kinase activities of PKC-δ and PKC-δ when compared to PKC-ξ.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: calbindin-D28k ; 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 ; messenger RNA ; organ culture ; polymerase chain reaction ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Organ culture of 19-day-old chick embryo duodena was utilized to evaluate the mechanism of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3)-dependent calbindin-D28k (CaBP) expression. Duodenal CaBP and 1,25(OH)2D3 receptor (VDR) expression were assessed by Western blot analysis, while CaBP and VDR mRNA levels were determined by Northen blot analysis. In untreated duodena, both VDR protein and mRNA were present, while CaBP protein and mRNA were undetectable. Treatment of cultured duodena with 25 nM 1,25(OH)2D3 resulted in detectable CaBP mRNA after 4 h which continued to increase during a 24 h time period. Under these conditions, localization of [3H-1β]1α,25(OH)2D3 in duodenal chromatin is rapid (≤ 30 min). Thus, the delayed accumulation of detectable CaBP mRNA cannot be explained by slow nuclear binding of 1,25(OH)2D3. The inclusion of 1.6 μM actinomycin D in the organ culture partially inhibited the 1,25(OH)2D3-regulated increase in CaBP mRNA, which implies that there is a transcriptional component involved in the increased CaBP mRNA levels. Similarly, quantitative polymerase chain reaction studies allowed the detection of CaBP pre-mRNA and mRNA sequences 1 h after hormone treatment, suggesting that CaBP gene transcription is initiated rapidly. Treatment of cultures with 36 μM cycloheximide 1 h prior to 1,25(OH)2D3 addition resulted in superinduction of VDR mRNA levels but sharply reduced CaBP steady-state mRNA levels. This dramatic reduction in CaBP mRNA reveals that 1,25(OH)2D3-mediated CaBP expression is dependent on ongoing protein synthesis. Thus, we propose that a labile auxiliary protein or other cofactor, which may or may not be 1,25(OH)2D3-dependent, is necessary for 1,25(OH)2D3-mediated CaBP gene transcription in chick duodena.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1040-452X
    Keywords: DNA hybridization ; Spermatozoa aneuploidy ; Aneuploidy ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Human spermatozoa were studied with a nonradioactive in situ hybridization method. Using a chemically modified DNA probe and immunocytochemical reactions for visualization, it was possible to obtain hybridization signals in 31 of 32 semen samples. Positive hybridization reactions, depending on cell accessibility, varied from 40% to over 90% for the different samples. Using a chromosome 1-specific DNA probe, disomy for this chromosome was found in 0.67% of all accessible sperm cells.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Microscopy Research and Technique 32 (1995), S. 330-336 
    ISSN: 1059-910X
    Keywords: Scanning electron microscopy ; Teaching ; Computer ; Network ; Remote control ; Ethernet ; Internet ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: A laboratory designed for teaching the operation of a scanning electron microscope (SEM) has been developed. The laboratory makes use of a computer network to allow remote operation of the SEM. Movable teaching stations, consisting of a computer, TV monitor, and joystick control, enable students to view the image on the SEM screen, move the sample, control the basic operating parameters of the microscope, and acquire X-ray spectra. Images can also be stored on the computers for image analysis or incorporation into reports. The great advantage of the system is that it has been designed to be flexible enough to allow operation from any location that has access to the Internet. The system is relatively inexpensive and uses nonproprietary computer technology available at any computer store. While the laboratory has been designed for teaching, the concept of a multiuser SEM facility that is inexpensive and easy to install should have applications in both industrial and research settings. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 0095-9898
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 143 (1990), S. 222-225 
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Normal human cells such as human diploid fibroblasts (HDF) have a finite pro-liferative lifespan in culture. Previous studies have shown that the limited lifespan phenotype is dominant in cell hybrids formed by fusion of HDF to at least 23 different kinds of immortal human cells. However, two independent studies reported that hybrid clones formed by the fusion of HDF to the HeLa variant D98 had unlimited division potential. Those results were potentially very important because they implied that a) there is a dominant mechanism for immortalization of human cells in addition to the well-documented recessive mechanism, and b) a dominant mechanism would lend itself to identification of the immortalizing gene. Consequently, we carried out more detailed studies of the behavior of D98 cells in hybrids. Our results indicate that the majority of D98 x HDF hybrid clones exhibit a clear-cut finite proliferative lifespan phenotype. In addition, these hybrid cell populations often give rise to an immortal focus of cells that can be seen to take over the population of mortal cells at the end of their lifespan. This phenomenon reconciles our data with the previous reports of immortal D98 x HDF hybrid clones and leads us to conclude that D98 cells do not express a dominant immortalizing gene.
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