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  • Polymer and Materials Science  (10)
  • Template-directed synthesis  (3)
  • calcium transport  (3)
  • 1995-1999  (11)
  • 1990-1994  (5)
  • 1970-1974
  • 1935-1939
Collection
Publisher
Years
  • 1995-1999  (11)
  • 1990-1994  (5)
  • 1970-1974
  • 1935-1939
  • 1985-1989  (1)
Year
  • 1
    ISSN: 1573-6881
    Keywords: Mitochondrial calcium ; inorganic phosphate ; membrane permeability transition ; calcium transport
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The role of inorganic phosphate as inhibitor of mitochondrial membrane permeability transition was studied. It is shown that in mitochondria containing a high phosphate concentration, i.e., 68 nmol/mg, Ca2+ did not activate the pore opening. Conversely, at lower levels of matrix phosphate, i.e., 38 nmol/mg, Ca2+ was able to induce subsequent pore opening. The inhibitory effect of phosphate was apparent in sucrose-based media, but it was not achieved in KCl media. The matrix free Ca2+ concentration and matrix pH were lowered by phosphate, but they were always higher in K+-media. In the absence of ADP, phosphate strengthened the inhibitory effect of cyclosporin A on carboxyatractyloside-induced Ca2+ efflux. Acetate was unable to replace phosphate in the induction of the aforementioned effects. It is concluded that phosphate preserves selective membrane permeability by diminishing the matrix free Ca2+ concentration.
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1573-6881
    Keywords: Matrix calcium ; BAT mitochondria ; membrane permeability transition ; adenine nucleotide translocase ; calcium transport
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The role of the adenine nucleotide translocase on Ca2+ homeostasis in mitochondria from brown adipose tissue was examined. It was found that in mitochondria incubated with 50 μM Ca2+, ADP was not needed to retain the cation, but it was required for strengthening the inhibitory effect of cyclosporin on membrane permeability transition as induced by menadione. In addition, carboxyatractyloside was unable to promote matrix Ca2+ release, even though it inhibits the ADP exchange reaction. However, when the Ca2+ concentration was increased to 150 μM, carboxyatractyloside did induce Ca2+ release, and ADP favored Ca2+ retention. Determination of cardiolipin content in the inner membrane vesicles showed a greater concentration in brown adipose tissue mitochondria than that found in kidney mitochondria. It is suggested that the failure of the adenine nucleotide translocase to influence membrane permeability transition depends on the lipid composition of the inner membrane.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1573-6881
    Keywords: Matrix calcium ; BAT mitochondria ; membrane permeability transition ; adenine nucleotide translocase ; calcium transport
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The role of the adenine nucleotide translocase on Ca2+ homeostasis in mitochondria from brown adipose tissue was examined. It was found that in mitochondria incubated with 50 μM Ca2+, ADP was not needed to retain the cation, but it was required for strengthening the inhibitory effect of cyclosporin on membrane permeability transition as induced by menadione. In addition, carboxyatractyloside was unable to promote matrix Ca2+ release, even though it inhibits the ADP exchange reaction. However, when the Ca2+ concentration was increased to 150 μM, carboxyatractyloside did induce Ca2+ release, and ADP favored Ca2+ retention. Determination of cardiolipin content in the inner membrane vesicles showed a greater concentration in brown adipose tissue mitochondria than that found in kidney mitochondria. It is suggested that the failure of the adenine nucleotide translocase to influence membrane permeability transition depends on the lipid composition of the inner membrane.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The diester of itaconic acid with decyl and methyl groups was prepared and polymerized. The dilute solution behaviour of poly(methyl decyl itaconate) poly{1-(decyloxycarbonylmethyl)-1-(methoxycarbonyl)ethylene} (PMeDI) was studied in tetrahydrofuran and 1-butanol at 298 K, by light scattering, size-exclusion chromatography, and viscometric measurements. The empirical Kuhn-Mark-Houwink-Sakurada relationships were established. The molecular parameters were calculated using one theory of the excluded volume.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1434-193X
    Keywords: Catenanes ; Mechanically interlocked molecules ; Molecular recognition ; Rotaxanes ; Template-directed synthesis ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: -A [2]catenane, able to bind π-electron-rich guests inside the cavity of one of its two macrocyclic components has been designed and synthesized using supramolecular assistance. This recognition motif has been exploited to template the formation of a so-called rotacatenane - i.e., a molecule composed of a dumbbell-shaped component threaded through the cavity of one of the two mechanically interlocked macrocyclic components of a [2]catenane. The structure of this [2]catenane, as well as that of a model [2]catenane, have been characterized unequivocally by single-crystal X-ray analyses. Furthermore, some of the co-conformational changes associated with these mechanically interlocked molecules in solution have been probed by variable-temperature 1H-NMR spectroscopy.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1434-193X
    Keywords: Co-conformation ; Molecular recognition ; Planar chirality ; Rotaxanes ; Template-directed synthesis ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: -The template-directed syntheses of three [2]rotaxanes possessing either chiral centers or elements of planar chirality, in one of their two mechanically interlocked components, have been realized and their solid-state structures have been analyzed by X-ray crystallography. In one instance, an enantiomerically pure dumbbell-shaped component incorporating a 1,5-dioxynaphthalene recognition site and two (1R,2S,5R)-menthyl stoppers was employed to template the formation of the achiral tetracationic cyclophane, cyclobis(paraquat-p-phenylene). The resulting enantiomerically pure [2]rotaxane was isolated in a yield of 55%. In the other two instances, an achiral 1,5-dioxynaphthalene-based dumbbell-shaped component was employed to template the formation of bipyridinium-based cyclophanes possessing either one or two elements of planar chirality. The resulting [2]rotaxane, possessing one element of planar chirality, was isolated as a racemate in a yield of 24%. The related [2]rotaxane, possessing two elements of planar chirality, was isolated as a mixture of a meso form and an enantiomeric pair in an overall yield of 28%. The 1H-NMR-spectroscopic analysis of this mixture revealed a diastereoisomeric ratio of 4:1. A degenerate co-conformational change was identified by variable-temperature 1H-NMR spectroscopy in all [2]rotaxanes. The symmetry loss arising from the introduction of one or two elements of planar chirality enabled the elucidation of the mechanism of this dynamic process in two instances.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics 198 (1997), S. 3863-3869 
    ISSN: 1022-1352
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Two poly(2-vinylpyridine)s fully quaternized with a ω-(4′-methoxy-4-biphenylyloxy)-alkyl group (alkyl chain of 9 and 11 carbon atoms) have been synthesized by the well known spontaneous polymerization of vinylpyridinium salts. When heated, these polymers (P2VPC9 and P2VPC11) show thermotropic liquid crystal properties. According to the X-ray diffraction data, the observed smectic mesophase in both polymers is of the type A (SA). Results are discussed in comparison with other molecular and polymeric pyridinium salts previously described. A molecular arrangement model for the P2VP derivatives is proposed.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics 197 (1996), S. 1349-1360 
    ISSN: 1022-1352
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Model compounds for a series of polyesters in which 3,6,9, and 12-rotatable CH2—O and CH2—CH2 bonds separate rigid units have been studied using the efficiency of nonradiative singlet energy transfer from naphthalene to anthracene. The model compounds have the structure naph-CO—(OCH2CH2)m—OOC-anth with m of 1-4, where naph and anth denote 2-naphthyl and 9-anthranyl groups, respectively. This series of compounds covers a larger range of potential separation of the two chromophores than was possible in an earlier study, in which the flexible spacers consisted of 2-6 methylene units. The nonradiative singlet energy transfer has an efficiency that depends on the solvent viscosity and on m. The theoretical analysis employs a rotational isomeric state model for the conformations of these molecules. The Förster radius for transfer from naphthalene to anthracene in this system is 16 ± 2 Å, and is nearly independent of whether the spacers are constructed from oxyethylene or methylene units.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 32 (1994), S. 1511-1519 
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: conformation ; excimer ; fluorescence ; hairpins ; polyester ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The fluorescence in dilute solution has been measured as a function of solvent viscosity for four bichromophoric models for polyesters with naphthalene in the rigid aromatic unit and diols derived from cyclohexane as the flexible spacer. The spacers are 1,2-cis-cyclohexanediol, 1,2-trans-cyclohexanediol, a 1:2 mixture of 1,3-cis- and 1,3-trans-cyclohexanediols, and a 1:2 mixture of 1,4-cis- and 1,4-trans-cyclohexanediols. The shape of the emission spectra for the molecules in this series is less sensitive to the viscosity of the medium than was the case for an analogous series in which a methylene or oxyethylene spacer replaces the cyclohexanediol spacer. The dependence of the excimer emission on the type of spacer is different also in the series in which the rigid units contain naphthalene or benzene. When the rigid units contain naphthalene, excimer formation is maximal if the spacer contains 1,2-trans-cyclohexanediol, but this spacer produces a molecule with a very small tendency for excimer formation in its polymers with terephthalate. A conformational analysis correctly concludes that the spacer most conducive to excimer formation should be 1,2-trans-cyclohexanediol, but it does not identify the correct order of the remaining three bichromophoric model compounds. The problem may reside in the method for taking into account the finite width of the torsional well associated with each rotational isomer. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1022-1352
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Steady state fluorescence has been used to study the efficiency of nonradiative singlet energy transfer from naphthalene to anthracene in naph-COO—(CH2)m—OOC-anth for m of 2-6. A theoretical analysis has also been performed, using the rotational isomeric state model, of the conformations of these molecules. The experiments clearly demonstrate the presence of nonradiative singlet energy transfer in the bichromophoric compounds, with an efficiency that depends on the solvent and on m. The combination of the experiments and the theoretical analysis establishes that the Förster radius for this system is 1,6 ± 0,2 nm.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
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