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  • SPACE RADIATION  (9)
  • 1995-1999  (1)
  • 1990-1994  (4)
  • 1985-1989  (4)
  • 1
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    Anuradha and low-energy cosmic rays (1993)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: After critically reviewing observational results obtained by astronomical spacecraft in the interplanetary medium for several aspects of galactic cosmic rays (GCRs) and anomalous cosmic rays (ACRs), attention is given to spacecraft data gathered in the magnetosphere and a detailed description is given of the Anuradha cosmic-ray experiment carried by Spacelab-3. The Anuradha results discussed concern the orbit average flux and ionization state of ACRs, the origins of partially ionized galactic cosmic-ray sub-Fe and Fe ions, and the significance of enhanced abundance ratios of sub-Fe and Fe ions in GCRs inside the magnetosphere.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: Space Science Reviews (ISSN 0038-6308); 62; 1-2; p. 3-65.
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  • 2
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    Ionization states of low-energy cosmic rays - Results from Spacelab 3 cosmic-ray experiment (1993)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: The Indian cosmic ray experiment Anuradha, conducted onboard Spacelab 3 during April 29-May 6, 1985 was designed to obtain information on the ionization states of low-energy cosmic rays, using the geomagnetic field as a rigidity filter to place an upper limit on the ionization state of individual cosmic ray particles. This paper presents data confirming the presence of three distinct groups of energetic particles in the near-earth space: (1) low-energy (15-25 MeV/nucleon) anomalous cosmic rays that are either singly ionized or consistent with their being in singly ionized state, (2) fully ionized galactic cosmic ray ions, and (3) partially ionized iron and sub-iron group ions (which account for about 20 percent of all the iron and sub-iron group ions detected at the Spacelab 3 orbit within the magnetosphere in the energy interval 25-125 MeV/nucleon). It is argued that these partially ionized heavy ions are indeed a part of the low-energy galactic cosmic rays present in the interplanetary space.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: Astrophysical Journal, Part 1 (ISSN 0004-637X); 411; 1; p. 418-430.
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  • 3
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    Interstellar propagation and electron capture processes of galactic cosmic ray heavy ions in space (1995)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: The new information on galactic cosmic rays (GCR) derived from the Spacelab-3 cosmic ray experiment 'Anuradha' shows that at 25-125 MeV/N GCR sub-iron and iron (Z = 21-28) particles consists of a mixture of partially ionized and fully ionized ions. Computation of electron capture and loss cross sections in hydrogen in 1-50 MeV/N energy range are made for Fe, Cr, Ti and Ni. From these it is concluded that: (1) these GCR particles must have captured orbital electrons at energies of about 1-5 MeV/N and (2) these particles are then reaccelerated to 300-500 MeV/N most probably in interstellar medium by collision with SNR shock fronts. Some reacceleration may take place also in heliospheric boundary region. It is suggested that these observations of partially ionized GCR ions of about 100 MeV/N in Spacelab-3 provide a direct evidence of reacceleration of GCR.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: Advances in Space Research (ISSN 0273-1177); 15; 1; p. (1)51
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  • 4
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    Relative abundances of sub-iron to iron nuclei in low energy (50-250 MeV/N) cosmic rays as observed in the Skylab experiment (1985)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: A Lexan polycarbonate detector exposed on the exterior of Skylab-3 for 73 days during a solar quiet period was used to study the relative abundances of calcium to nickel ions in low energy cosmic rays of 50 to 250 MeV/N. The method of charge identification is based on the measurement of conelength (L) and residual range (R) of these particles in various Lexan sheets. Since more than one cone (sometimes as many as five) is observed and is measured, the charge accuracy becomes precise and accurate. The ratio of (calcium to manganese) to (iron and cobalt) obtained at three energy intervals of 50 to 80, 80 to 150, 150 to 250 and 50 to 250 MeV/N are 7.6 plus or minus 3.8, 2.7 plus or minus 0.8, 1.4 plus or minus 0.6 and 3.3 plus or minus 0.7 respectively. These data thus indicate a large increase of this ratio with decreasing energy. The origin of this strong energy dependence is not understood at present.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: OG-4.1-4 , 19th Intern. Cosmic Ray Conf - Vol. 2; p 12-15; NASA-CP-2376-VOL-2
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  • 5
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    Detector calibration of the Indian cosmic ray experiment (IONS) in Space-Shuttle Spacelab-13 (1985)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: In the Indian cosmic ray experiment (IONS) in Spacelab-3 the intention is to study nuclei up to iron in low energy cosmic rays, using CR-39 (DOP) detectors. CR-39 (DOP) was exposed to He4, C12, O16, Ne20, Si28, Ar40, Cr52 and Fe56 accelerated beams from various accelerator facilities available around the world. Different beam energies and exposure angles were used. From these exposures, the charge resolution and energy resolution for the detector in the region of interest were studied. The effect of pre-annealing and depth on the response of our detector was studied. For isotopic resolution, exposed the detector samples were exposed to Ne2O and Ne22 accelerated beams. Samples of CR-39 (DOP) exposed to different accelerated heavy ions were kept in the detector module to take into account the effect of ambient conditions on detector response during the flight.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: SH-9.1-2 , 19th Intern. Cosmic Ray Conf - Vol. 5; p 458-461; NASA-CP-2376-VOL-5
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  • 6
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    Possible origin of the anomalous component of cosmic rays (1985)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The possible origin of the anomalous cosmic rays (ACR) are studied in terms of stellar wind injection from O type stars and their acceleration in shock fronts of SNR's. It is assumed that a fraction of heavy ions will encounter interstellar shock fronts of SNR's and these are accelerated to about 5 to 100 MeV/N and give rise to ACR's. Typically these ions would travel a distance of the order of a few 1000 pc. Therefore it is estimated that O type stars in a volume of radius of a few Kpc around the solar system are contributing to the intensity of ACR in the local ISM. From observational data, the intensity of ACR in the local ISM is estimated. It is suggested that these ACR ions enter the solar system along the solar dipole field lines connected to the interplanetary magnetic field lines.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: SH-4.6-7 , 19th Intern. Cosmic Ray Conf - Vol. 5; p 184; NASA-CP-2376-VOL-5
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  • 7
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    Abundance of low energy (50-150 MeV) antiprotons in cosmic rays (1985)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The progress is presented of the nuclear emulsion experiment to determine abundance of low energy antiprotons in cosmic rays. No antiprotons have been detected so far at upper limit of p/p less than or similar to 4 x .0001 in the energy range 50 MeV to 15 MeV.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: OG-6.1-1 , 19th Intern. Cosmic Ray Conf - Vol. 2; p 326-329; NASA-CP-2376-VOL-2
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  • 8
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    Observations of enhanced sub-iron (Sc-Cr) to Iron abundance ratios in the low energy galactic cosmic rays in Spacelab-3 and their implications (1994)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: The Anuradha cosmic ray experiment in Spacelab-3, flown in the orbit at 350 km with an inclination of 57 deg for about six days, was used to measure the low energy galactic cosmic ray (GCR) heavy ions using a specially designed CR-39 detector module incorporating the arrival time information of the particles. The abundances of sub-iron (Sc-Cr) and iron particles in the low energy interval of 30-300 MeV/N were determined from the measurements made in four different depths of the Cr-39 detector module of 150 layers. From these studies we obtained sub-iron (Sc-Cr) to iron abundance ratios of 0.8 to 1.2 in 30-300 MeV/N energy range. It is found that these ratios are enhanced by a factor of two as compared to interplanetary ratios of about 0.5. It is shown that the enhancement of the ratio inside the earth's magnetosphere is probably due to the degree of ionization of low energy Sc to Cr and Fe ions in the galactic cosmic rays and to the rigidity filtering effects of the geomagnetic field. Further studies are needed to understand fully the phenomena and their implications.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: Journal of Astrophysics and Astronomy (ISSN 0250-6335); 15; 1; p. 85-94
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  • 9
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    Implications of the observations of partially ionised states in the low energy galactic cosmic rays (1991)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Of the low energy (30-100 MeV/N)Fe-group nuclei of Galactic cosmic rays (GCRs) a fraction of about 20 percent of these are in partially ionized states. The origin of these particles are not known at present. From the considerations of relevant cross-sections, the following two important processes of the phenomena are given: (1) these GCR Fe-group nuclei must have captured the orbital electrons at energies of 1-5 MeV/N, while traversing matter; and (2) that these GCR ions of 1-5 MeV/N are then reaccelerated to energies of at least 30-100 MeV/N, most probably in the heliospheric boundary region. Three possible scenarios of the electron-capture processes are briefly discussed: (1) electron capture in a large molecular cloud; (2) GCR equilibrium spectra in ISM and their equilibrium charge; and (3) electron capture in the Oort's cloud.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: International Cosmic Ray Conference; Aug 11, 1991 - Aug 23, 1991; Dublin
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