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  • Penicillium chrysogenum  (4)
  • 1995-1999  (3)
  • 1990-1994  (1)
  • 1985-1989
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intrachromosomal recombination between direct repeats in Penicillium chrysogenum: gene conversion and deletion events (1999)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 261 (1999), S. 994-1000 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Key words Mitotic recombination ; Gene disruption ; Instability ; Penicillium chrysogenum ; Deletions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Recombination between direct repeats has been studied in Penicillium chrysogenum using strain TD7-88 (lys− pyr+), which contains two inactive copies of the lys2 gene separated by 4.5 kb of DNA (including the pyrG gene) in its genome. Gene conversion leading to products with the lys+ pyr+ phenotype was observed at a frequency of 1 in 3.2 × 103 viable spores. Two types of deletion events giving rise to lys+ pyr− and lys− pyr− phenotypes were obtained with different frequencies. Southern analysis revealed that gene conversion occurs mainly as a result of crossing over events that remove the BamHI frameshift mutation present in one of the repeats. In lys− pyr− recombinants, the deletion events do not affect the frameshift mutation in the BamHI site, while lys+ pyr− recombinants showed repair of the BamHI frameshift mutation and the genotype of the parental non-disrupted strain was restored. In summary, deletion events in P. chrysogenum tend to favor the restoration of the phenotype and genotype characteristic of the parental non-disrupted strain.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004380051048
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of the lys2 gene of Penicillium chrysogenum encoding α-aminoadipic acid reductase (1998)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 259 (1998), S. 549-556 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Key wordsα-Aminoadipic acid ; Lysine biosynthesis ; Penicillium chrysogenum ; Reductase domain
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A DNA fragment containing a gene homologous to LYS2 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae was cloned from a genomic DNA library of Penicillium chrysogenum AS-P-78. It encodes a protein of 1409 amino acids (Mr^ 154 859) with strong similarity to the S. cerevisiae (49.9% identity) Schizosaccharomycespombe (51.3% identity) and Candida albicans (48.12% identity) α-aminoadipate reductases and a lesser degree of identity to the amino acid-activating domains of the non-ribosomal peptide synthetases, including the α-aminoadipate-activating domain of the α-aminoadipyl-cysteinyl-valine synthetase of P. chrysogenum (12.4% identical amino acids). The lys2 gene contained one intron in the 5′-region and other in the 3′-region, as shown by comparing the nucleotide sequences of the cDNA and genomic DNA, and was transcribed as a 4.7-kb monocistronic mRNA. The lys2 gene was localized on chromosome III (7.5 Mb) in P. chrysogenum AS-P-78 and on chromosome IV (5.6 Mb) in strain P2, whereas the penicillin gene cluster is known to be located in chromosome I in both strains. The lys2-encoded protein is a member of the aminoacyladenylate-forming enzyme family with a reductase domain in its C-terminal region.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004380050847
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Resolution of four large chromosomes in penicillin-producing filamentous fungi: the penicillin gene cluster is located on chromosome II (9.6 Mb) in Penicillium notatum and chromosome 1 (10.4 Mb) in Penicillium chrysogenum (1993)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 241 (1993), S. 573-578 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Penicillin gene cluster ; Chromosomes ; Penicillium notatum ; Penicillium chrysogenum ; Mitochondrial DNA
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Four chromosomes were resolved by pulsed field gel electrophoresis in Penicillium notatum (10.8, 9.6, 6.3 and 5.4 Mb in size) and in five different strains of Penicillium chrysogenum (10.4, 9.6, 7.3 and 6.8 Mb in the wild type). Small differences in size were found between the four chromosomes of the five P. chrysogenum strains. The penicillin gene cluster was localized by hybridization with a pcbAB probe to chromosome II of P. notatum and to chromosome I of all P. chrysogenum strains except the deletion mutant P. chrysogenum npe10, which lacks this DNA region. The pyrG gene was localized to chromosome I in P. notatum and to chromosome II in all P. chrysogenum strains except in the mutant AS-P-78 where the probe hybridized to chromosome 111. A major chromosomal rearrangement seems to have occurred in this high penicillin producing strain. A fast moving DNA band observed in all gels corresponds to mitochondrial DNA. The total genome size has been calculated as 32.1 Mb in P. notatum and 34.1 Mb for the P. chrysogenum strains.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00279899
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molecular genetics as a tool to remove bottlenecks in the biosynthesis of β-lactam antibiotics (1996)
    Springer
    World journal of microbiology and biotechnology 12 (1996), S. 517-523 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0972
    Keywords: Antibiotic biosynthesis ; gene amplification ; Penicillium chrysogenum ; tandem repeat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract Several strains of Penicillium chrysogenum with different productions of penicillin were characterized at the molecular level in order to establish the basis of the increased penicillin production rates. The cluster of penicillin biosynthetic genes was located in an amplified genomic region of 57.9 kb in a high-producing strain (E1) and 106.5 kb in two strains (AS-P-78 and P2) producing moderately high levels of penicillin. This region was shown to be present in multiple tandemly repeated copies with a different copy number depending on the strain. The sequence TTTACA appeared at the junction points between repeats and at the borders of the amplified region in strains AS-P-78 and P2, while its reverse complementary TGTAAA was found in strain E1. The tandem reiteration and deletion appear to arise by site-specific recombination induced by mutagenic treatments. Finally, the relationship between glucose repression and pH regulation was studied in strain AS-P-78.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00419466
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