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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Monte Carlo studies of hysteresis curves in magnetic composites with fine magnetic particles (2001)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 89 (2001), S. 3403-3407 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The hysteresis of composite systems consisting of nanosized ferromagnetic particles embedded in a nonmagnetic metal matrix is studied using the Monte Carlo method. In the model, the nanosized particles are assumed to be single domain and to possess random uniaxial anisotropy. The particles are well dispersed so that the interactions between them are weak and can be neglected. These particles may be superparamagnetic (unblocked) or not (blocked) depending on the temperature T, energy barrier ΔE, and measurement time τm. It is found that the hysteresis loop, which is obtained even in the absence of interparticle interactions, is mainly caused by the blocked particles as a result of the irreversible transitions between states of minimum energy. The remanence and coercivity of such systems decrease as T increases and disappear at high T. The results are in agreement with recent experimental observations. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1348326
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biased switching in an interacting pair of magnetic particles (2002)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 91 (2002), S. 5957-5961 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The switching dynamics in a pair of coupled magnetic particles is studied numerically via the Landau-Liftshitz-Gilbert form of a set of damped gyromagnetic equations. The effects of dipolar interaction between the particles, anisotropy energy, switching and a small bias field are included. Initial conditions in which the moments are parallel and antiparallel to each other are considered. The presence of a small transverse bias field and inter-particle coupling assists in the switching of a moment. Due to the complicated interplay among different factors, the switching in one particle may lead to a corresponding precession of moment in a neighboring particle. We show that different final configurations may be attained depending on the inter-particle separation and the initial configuration. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1465511
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dependence of the giant magnetoresistance on the concentration of magnetic particles in granular composites (2001)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 90 (2001), S. 365-369 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We study the dependence of giant magnetoresistance (GMR) on the volume concentration of magnetic particles in a magnetic granular composite via a Monte Carlo method and by modeling the composite as a random resistor network. We assume the nanosized magnetic particles are spherical in shape and are randomly distributed in a square or cubic lattice. The uniaxial anisotropy of the particles and the classical dipolar interaction among the particles are taken into account. By considering the difference in electron scatterings for spin-up and spin-down conduction electrons at the magnetic and nonmagnetic interface, and the scatterings within the magnetic regions and the nonmagnetic host medium in the composite, the value of GMR is found to depend sensitively on the spatial distribution of the particles, the magnetic states of the particles, and the densities of the spin polarized conduction electrons. There is an optimum concentration (about 25% in two-dimensional and 30% in three-dimensional cases) of magnetic particles at which the magnetoresistance shows a maximum. This phenomenon was also observed in experiments. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1376416
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A novel method to characterize photorefractive damage in quasiphase-matched wavelength converters (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 71 (2000), S. 335-337 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A novel two-beam method is proposed and applied for the first time, to characterize photorefractive damage (PRD) in a LiNbO3 quasiphase-matched (QPM) wavelength converter. In the proposed method, irradiation light from a Ti sapphire laser and a broadband probe beam from an erbium-doped fiber amplifier are coupled into a LiNbO3 QPM waveguide. The PRD effect caused by the irradiation is studied by monitoring the generated second-harmonic light spectrum of the probe light. It is shown that PRD in the LiNbO3 QPM waveguide can be qualitatively characterized by the proposed method, and relevant information relating to the QPM wavelength conversion can be extracted directly. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1150203
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photorefractive damage of LiNbO3 quasiphase matched wavelength converters (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 87 (2000), S. 3203-3208 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Photorefractive damage (PRD) of LiNbO3 quasiphase matched (QPM) wavelength converters is studied by a novel two-beam method, in which the second-harmonic generation (SHG) tuning curve of a broadband probe beam is monitored. The QPM condition and wavelength conversion efficiency, which are characterized by the peak wavelength and peak intensity of the SHG tuning curve respectively, are investigated in detail with respect to the irradiation power and irradiation time. It is found that the QPM condition and wavelength conversion efficiency change markedly even for low irradiation powers (〈20 mW), indicating that the PRD effect is non-negligible in LiNbO3 QPM wavelength converters intended for practical applications. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.372324
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Composition control of Hf1−xSixO2 films deposited on Si by chemical-vapor deposition using amide precursors (2002)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 80 (2002), S. 2362-2364 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Hafnium silicate (Hf1−xSixO2) films were deposited by metalorganic chemical-vapor deposition with composition x ranging from 0 to 1 using amide precursors in an organic solvent. The liquid precursors, tetrakis(diethylamido)hafnium, Hf[N(C2H5)2]4, and tetrakis(dimethylamido)silicon, Si[N(CH3)2]4, are compatible when mixed in solution, have high elemental purity, and exhibit a low halogen content. Thin oxide films were deposited with these precursors over a range of wafer temperatures from 400 to 600 °C with very low carbon and nitrogen incorporation. Control of the film composition is attained by changing the ratio of silicon concentration to hafnium concentration in the precursor solution for specific deposition conditions. Composition and growth rate are reported as a function of process condition. Interfacial layers of less than 10 Å were observed by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1465532
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ribosomal DNA spacer-length polymorphisms in three samples of wild and cultivated barleys and their relevance to the origin of cultivated barley (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant breeding 123 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: This study was conducted to provide additional data for evaluating two important issues surrounding the origin of cultivated barley: (i) the level of genetic diversity of the two-rowed wild barley from Tibet, and (ii) the distribution of rDNA allele 104 in wild and cultivated barleys in the Occidental region. A total of 198 accessions consisting of three distinct samples were used: 82 entries of two-rowed wild barley from Tibet, 57 accessions of two-rowed wild barley from 8 countries with a broad range of representation of two-rowed wild barley in the world, and 59 landrace accessions from four countries representing a part of the barley-growing areas in the Middle East. These were assayed for rDNA spacer-length variants (slvs). In all, 27 rDNA space length pheno types were detected, from which 10 slvs were identified as alleles at the two rDNA loci. The two-rowed wild barley samples from Tibet had the lowest level of genetic variation as evaluated by rDNA polymorphism. Together with results of previous studies, the two wild forms (two-rowed and six-rowed) from Tibet could not account for the large genetic diversity observed in the cultivated barley of this region, suggesting that Tibet is unlikely a centre of origin for cultivated barley. In samples from the Occidental region, allele 104 of Rm2 was very rare in wild barley, but occurred at the highest frequency in cultivated barley, while the reverse is the case for allele 107, which is consistent with previous results. The implications of such a contrasting distribution of these rDNA alleles between wild and cultivated barleys in the origin and evolution of cultivated barley were discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0523.2004.00909.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Improving bacterial blight resistance of‘6078′, an elite restorer line of hybrid rice, by molecular marker-assisted selection (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant breeding 120 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Bacterial blight (BB), caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (X00), is one of the most devastating diseases of rice world-wide; it is also a serious problem of hybrid rice production in China. In this study, a molecular marker-assisted introgression of Xa21, a gene highly resistant to a broad spectrum of Xoo strains, from ‘IRBB21’ was performed to improve the BB resistance of‘6078′, a new restorer line with high yielding potential. The entire process took one generation of crossing followed by three generations of backcrossing and one generation of selfing. The presence of Xa21 in each generation was determined by both polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and pathogen inoculation. Recombinations between Xa21 and flanking markers were identified by PCR analysis. Background selection was conducted in BC1F1 and BC2F1 using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers detecting a total of 129 polymorphic bands between‘6078’ and ‘IRBB21′. The individual selected in BC3F2, or‘6078′(Xa21), carried a fragment of less than 3.8 cM from the donor line in the Xa21 region on chromosome 11, and about 98.8% of the genetic background from the recurrent parent. The results showed that‘6078′(Xa21) had the same level and spectrum of BB resistance as the donor parent ‘IRBB21′, while maintaining the agronomic performance and combining ability of the original 6078. A significant increase in BB resistance was also achieved in the hybrid using 6078(Xa21) as the restorer line.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-0523.2001.00559.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pyramiding of insect- and disease-resistance genes into an elite indica, cytoplasm male sterile restorer line of rice,‘Minghui 63′ (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant breeding 123 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The wild-rice-derived dominant gene Xa21 conferring multi-race resistance to bacterial blight and a fused Bt gene cry1Ab/cry1Ac conferring resistance to lepidopteran insects were individually introduced into the same genetic background of an elite indica cytoplasm male sterile (CMS) restorer line ‘Minghui 63′. The line showed the desirable insect- and disease-resistant phenotypes. To maximize the effect, the two genes were also pyramided into the same recipient plant of ‘Minghui 63’ by marker-assisted selection. After being subjected to natural infestation of leaf-folders and yellow stem borers and inoculation of Xoo strain mixtures, the pyramiding line and its derived hybrids showed high levels of resistance against both insect damage and disease. Furthermore, data from field trials demonstrated that the hybrids made by crossing this pyramiding line with the CMS lines ‘Zhenshan 97A’ and ‘Maxie A’ retained a similar level of yield under conditions without chemical spray, indicating that the pyramiding genes have a yield-stabilizing effect on the recipient line and its hybrids.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-0523.2003.00917.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A facility for characterizing the dynamic mechanical behavior of thin membranes for microelectromechanical systems (2002)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 73 (2002), S. 2067-2072 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A bulge testing system capable of applying static and dynamic loads to thin film membranes is described. The bulge tester consists of a sealed cavity, filled with a fluid, bounded on the bottom by a circular stainless steel diaphragm and on the top by the thin film membrane of interest. An actuator is used to apply either a static or a periodic force to the stainless steel diaphragm. The force is transmitted through the water to the thin film membrane. This facility provides for both accelerated lifetime testing and simulated service environment testing. The thin film membranes tested are composite stacks consisting of thin films of silicon, glass, metallic electrodes, and lead-zirconate-titanate. Pressure and deflection of a membrane are acquired simultaneously during loading. An image capture system coupled with an interferometer provides the means to capture interferograms of deflected membranes during both static and dynamic testing conditions. Images are then postprocessed to construct deflection versus pressure relationships, which can be used to extract materials' properties. Accelerated lifetime testing is performed by subjecting the thin film membranes to cyclic loading at strain levels 45%–90% of the static failure strains. In simulated service environment testing thin film membranes are subjected to cyclic loading over a range of frequencies. For a given applied force, as the resonant frequency is approached the dynamic behavior of the thin film structures vary significantly from that observed for static loading. At resonance the deflection of a thin film membrane is almost three times that of a statically deflected membrane subjected to the same applied force. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1470227
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