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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Solid state supercapacitor materials: Layered structures of yttria-stabilized zirconia sandwiched between platinum/ yttria-stabilized zirconia composites (2001)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 90 (2001), S. 5303-5307 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Layered structures of cubic yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) sandwiched between two layers of platinum/YSZ composites with the platinum concentration varying between 20 and 55 vol % were prepared. Large double-layer capacitances were obtained due to the presence of large three-dimensional electrode surface areas in the composite layers. The layers were subjected to image analysis obtained from scanning electron microscopy micrographs. The specific surface area of the platinum particles decreased from ∼17×103 to ∼13.5×103 cm2/cm3 with increasing Pt concentration. Image analyses obtained with an in-lens detector revealed that the effective surface area of the Pt particles that were part of a conducting percolative network increased with Pt concentration to ca. 11×103 cm2/cm3 at a Pt metal volume fraction of 0.50. Impedance spectroscopy measurements performed at 550 °C demonstrated that the capacitance increased with increasing Pt concentration in the composite layer and optimal values as high as 4.3±1.3 kF/m2 at 50 vol % Pt were recorded. The specific electrode surface area calculated from this data was in good agreement with the data obtained from image analysis. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1410883
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quantitative measurement of sliding friction dynamics at mesoscopic scales: The lateral force apparatus (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 71 (2000), S. 2391-2402 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: We describe an apparatus designed to quantitatively measure friction dynamics at the mesoscopic scale. This lateral force apparatus, LFA, uses double parallel leaf springs in leaf-spring units as force transducers and two focus error detection optical heads, optical heads, to measure deflections. The design of the leaf-spring units is new. Normal spring constants are in the range of 20–4000 N/m, and lateral spring constants are 7–1000 N/m. The optical heads combine a 10 nm sensitivity with a useful range of about 100 μm. The proven range of normal forces is 400 nN–150 mN. The leaf-spring units transduce friction and normal forces independently. Absolute values of normal and friction forces are calibrated. Typical errors are less than 10%. The calibration is partly in situ, for the sensitivity of the optical heads, and partly ex situ for the normal and lateral spring constants of the leaf-spring units. There is minimal coupling between the deflection measurements in the lateral and normal directions. This coupling is also calibrated in situ. It is typically 1% and can be as low as 0.25%. This means that the displacements of the tip can be measured accurately in the sliding direction and normal to the surface. Together, these characteristics make the LFA, well suited for quantitative study of friction dynamics at mesoscopic scales. Furthermore the design of the leaf-spring unit allows exchange of tips which may be fabricated (e.g., etched) from wire material (d(approximate)0.4 mm) and can have customized shapes, e.g., polished flat squares. The ability of the LFA to study friction dynamics is briefly illustrated by results of stick-slip measurements on soft polymer surfaces. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1150626
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quantitative Analysis of Microstructural Homogeneity and Capacitance Correlations in Palladium/Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia Composites (2002)
    Westerville, Ohio : American Ceramics Society
    Journal of the American Ceramic Society 85 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1551-2916
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Voronoi tessellation was applied to quantify the microstructural homogeneity of palladium particles in random Pd/cubic yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) composites with the Pd concentration ranging from 0 to 30 vol%. Room-temperature impedance measurements were used to determine the capacitance of the composites. A fourfold enhancement in capacity near the percolation threshold of Pd was obtained. The percolation threshold was estimated at ∼30 vol% Pd using the normalized percolation theory (NPT). Data obtained from Voronoi diagrams resulted in a quantitative measure for the homogeneity of the dual-phase composite. The homogeneity was found to decrease with increasing Pd concentration in the composites. Near the theoretical value of the percolation threshold, the Pd phase appeared to be distributed too inhomogeneously for preparing insulating composites. No large increase in capacity as predicted by NPT could therefore be experimentally verified.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.2002.tb00410.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Local public management reforms in the Netherlands: fads, fashions and winds of change (2003)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Public administration 81 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-9299
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Political Science , Economics
    Notes: Compared to other continental European countries, especially Germany and Switzerland, which have experimented with New Public Management (NPM) in local government, The Netherlands has been relatively quick in following trends stemming from Anglo-Saxon management thinking, but also relatively quick in redressing its course. The rise of the New Public Management in Dutch local government has been relatively swift and strong but also relatively superficial and non-committal. The dominant picture that emerges is one of an administrative system that, while responsive to the latest trends, is also surprisingly stable. Management reforms, forcefully advocated in the 1980s, were decisively revised and redressed in the 1990s, with the city of Tilburg, celebrated for its ‘Tilburg Model’, a case in point. The Werdegang of NPM (that is, how things developed) in Dutch local government, detailed in this article, can be understood only partially as a result of changing economic and budgetary constraints. The article shows that endogenous features of the Dutch politico-administrative system – more specifically: the compact, dense and decentralized pattern of the intergovernmental network, the administrative tradition of pragmatism, dynamic conservatism and the comparatively technocratic character of local government – have also strongly influenced the reception, effect and correction of NPM in Dutch local government.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9299.00348
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    CARBON DIOXIDE EMISSIONS FROM THE GLOBAL CEMENT INDUSTRY1 (2001)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Environment and Resources 26 (2001), S. 303-329 
    Details
    ISSN: 1056-3466
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract The cement industry contributes about 5% to global anthropogenic CO2 emissions, making the cement industry an important sector for CO2-emission mitigation strategies. CO2 is emitted from the calcination process of limestone, from combustion of fuels in the kiln, as well as from power generation. In this paper, we review the total CO2 emissions from cement making, including process and energy-related emissions. Currently, most available data only includes the process emissions. We also discuss CO2 emission mitigation options for the cement industry. Estimated total carbon emissions from cement production in 1994 were 307 million metric tons of carbon (MtC), 160 MtC from process carbon emissions, and 147 MtC from energy use. Overall, the top 10 cement-producing countries in 1994 accounted for 63% of global carbon emissions from cement production. The average intensity of carbon dioxide emissions from total global cement production is 222 kg of C/t of cement. Emission mitigation options include energy efficiency improvement, new processes, a shift to low carbon fuels, application of waste fuels, increased use of additives in cement making, and, eventually, alternative cements and CO2 removal from flue gases in clinker kilns.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.energy.26.1.303
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cytochrome oxidase subunit VI of Trypanosoma brucei is imported without a cleaved presequence and is developmentally regulated at both RNA and protein levels (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Molecular microbiology 39 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Mitochondrial respiration in the African trypanosome undergoes dramatic developmental stage regulation. This requires co-ordinated control of components encoded by both the nuclear genome and the kinetoplast, the unusual mitochondrial genome of these parasites. As a model for understanding the co-ordination of these genomes, we have examined the regulation and mitochondrial import of a nuclear-encoded component of the cytochrome oxidase complex, cytochrome oxidase subunit VI (COXVI). By generating transgenic trypanosomes expressing intact or mutant forms of this protein, we demonstrate that COXVI is not imported using a conventional cleaved presequence and show that sequences at the N-terminus of the protein are necessary for correct mitochondrial sorting. Analyses of endogenous and transgenic COXVI mRNA and protein expression in parasites undergoing developmental stage differentiation demonstrates a temporal order of control involving regulation in the abundance of, first, mRNA and then protein. This represents the first dissection of the regulation and import of a nuclear-encoded protein into the cytochrome oxidase complex in these organisms, which were among the earliest eukaryotes to possess a mitochondrion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2958.2001.02252.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A novel ERK-like, CRK-like protein kinase that modulates growth in Trypanosoma brucei via an autoregulatory C-terminal extension (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Molecular microbiology 53 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The protozoan parasite Trypanosoma brucei undergoes a complex developmental cycle coordinated with cell cycle control. These processes in eukaryotes are frequently regulated through mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and cyclin-dependent protein kinases (CDKs), respectively. We have discovered a novel protein kinase which shares features of both ERK-type MAPKs and CDKs (T. brucei ERK-like, CDK-like protein kinase). This molecule, named TbECK1, is similar to the unusual mammalian KKIAMRE protein kinase family. Moreover, TbECK1 possesses a long C-terminal extension reminiscent of those found in mammalian ERK5, ERK7 and ERK8. Expression analyses demonstrate that TbECK1 is constitutively expressed during the trypanosome life cycle at both RNA and protein level. In transgenic parasites we demonstrate that expression of a mutant of TbECK1 that lacks the C-terminal extension produces a slow growth phenotype, associated with the appearance of cells with aberrant karyotypes. Using this as an assay we further demonstrate that the phenotype is dependent upon the potential for catalytic activity of TbECK1 and on the integrity of at least one of the phosphorylable amino acids in its phosphorylation lip. C-terminal extensions are a common feature of kinetoplastid protein kinases. Our results demonstrate for the first time that this domain has a regulatory function.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2958.2004.04218.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Customers in sight: Supporting corporate accommodation decisions with real estate data (2002)
    London : Emerald
    Journal ofcorporate real estate 4 (2002), S. 275-297 
    Details
    ISSN: 1463-001X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Information and communication technology (ICT) support of corporate accommodation processes with real estate data is not a simple subject. Insight is required into the primary processes of very different organisations, and inclusion of many aspects of portfolio management is necessary. This paper highlights possibilities for ICT support of these complex processes, although it does not explore in detail the different technology products available on the market. Instead, an overview of considerations focused at possible functionalities is provided which may contribute to sound decision making on actual development, purchase and implementation of supporting systems. To an increasing degree business support systems function in a network or are 'webenabled'. Also transactions are frequently effected using new infrastructures (e-commerce, business-to-business [B2B], etc). New technologies are also rapidly gaining ground in demand and supply chains regarding corporate accommodation, real estate and portfolio management. In many cases, though, the need for an overall and 'future proof' vision when applying them in a corporate real estate (CRE) environment is not thoroughly recognised. With regard to the Government Buildings Agency (GBA) in the Netherlands, it is important to bear in mind that this is not a commercial organisation. It functions in the public domain, and therefore there are aspects that must be specially treated. The paper presents a survey of important matters in GBA's primary (and partially secondary) processes, and establishes connections with possibilities (and implications) that state-of-the-art ICT support may provide. A conceptual outline of the primary processes of a CRE organisation is used as a starting point, and an overview of the data needs in these processes is given. By explicitly applying an approach aimed at (potential) data customers, who will decide for themselves what data has informative value, functional boundaries in internal processes are easily crossed. From this approach, many possibilities for added value, marketing and B2B communication become more obvious and manageable. Although this paper focuses on the primary process of the GBA in the Netherlands, many subjects may be applicable in other CRE organisations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/14630010210811895
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An intrinsic but cell-nonautonomous defect in GATA-1-overexpressing mouse erythroid cells (2000)
    [s.l.] : Macmillian Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 406 (2000), S. 519-524 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] GATA-1 is a tissue-specific transcription factor that is essential for the production of red blood cells. Here we show that overexpression of GATA-1 in erythroid cells inhibits their differentiation, leading to a lethal anaemia. Using chromosome-X-inactivation of a GATA-1 transgene and ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/35020086
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inactivation of the flagellin gene of Salmonella enterica serotype Enteritidis strongly reduces invasion into differentiated Caco-2 cells (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 185 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: A nonflagellated mutant of Salmonella enterica serotype Enteritidis was constructed by disrupting the flagellin gene (fliC). Northern blot analysis indicated that the mutation did not affect expression of the downstream fliU gene. Infection experiments with differentiated Caco-2 cells revealed that the mutant was about 50-fold less invasive than the wild-type strain, while bacterial adherence was unaffected. Complementation of the mutant with an intact fliC copy restored flagella formation and efficient bacterial invasion. Our data demonstrate that the fliC gene of S. enterica serotype Enteritidis is essential for the invasion of Caco-2 cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.2000.tb09058.x
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