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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    FIELD EXPERIMENTS SHOW THAT ACOUSTIC PINGERS REDUCE MARINE MAMMAL BYCATCH IN THE CALIFORNIA DRIFT GILL NET FISHERY (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Marine mammal science 19 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1748-7692
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: A controlled experiment was carried out in 1996–1997 to determine whether acoustic deterrent devices (pingers) reduce marine mammal bycatch in the California drift gill net fishery for swordfish and sharks. Using Fisher's exact test, bycatch rates with pingers were significantly less for all cetacean species combined (P 〈 0.001) and for all pinniped species combined (P= 0.003). For species tested separately with this test, bycatch reduction was statistically significant for short-beaked common dolphins (P= 0.001) and California sea lions (P= 0.02). Bycatch reduction is not statistically significant for the other species tested separately, but sample sizes and statistical power were low, and bycatch rates were lower in pingered nets for six of the eight other cetacean and pinniped species. A log-linear model relating the mean rate of entanglement to the number of pingers deployed was fit to the data for three groups: short-beaked common dolphins, other cetaceans, and pinnipeds. For a net with 40 pingers, the models predict approximately a 12-fold decrease in entanglement for short-beaked common dolphins, a 4-fold decrease for other cetaceans, and a 3-fold decrease for pinnipeds. No other variables were found that could explain this effect. The pinger experiment ended when regulations were enacted to make pingers mandatory in this fishery.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-7692.2003.tb01108.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Resistance of sea lice, Lepeophtheirus salmonis (Krøyer), to hydrogen peroxide on farmed Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L. (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Aquaculture research 31 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2109
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Hydrogen peroxide has been the only medicine used to treat salmon infected with sea lice [Lepeophtheirus salmonis (Krøyer)] on many farms in Scotland since 1992 and reports have suggested reduced treatment efficacy. The present study tests the sensitivity of sea lice to exposure to hydrogen peroxide under farm conditions and also in vivo by comparing lice from a farm with suspected resistance and lice from a farm that had not been pre-exposed to hydrogen peroxide. In bin treatments on fish from a farm treated with hydrogen peroxide on 41 occasions, numbers of ovigerous lice declined by only 15% and 16% in two replicates and other mobile stages by 25%. Where hydrogen peroxide had not been used, ovigerous females declined by 90% and 87% and other mobile lice stages by 97% and 99%. These trials and observed poor efficacy of cage treatments, for example only 7.5% reduction in lice numbers when fish were treated with 2000 p.p.m. for 20 mins, indicated resistance of lice to hydrogen peroxide. The mechanisms involved in the development of resistance, possible genetic selection for lice with reduced carapace permeability or detoxifying enzymes such as catalase, or tolerance through induction by subtherapeutic exposure are reviewed. Implications for lice control strategies relying on hydrogen peroxide are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2109.2000.00517.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Developing a departmental culture for reporting adverse incidents (2003)
    Bingley : Emerald
    International journal of health care quality assurance 16 (2003), S. 154-156 
    Details
    ISSN: 0952-6862
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Economics
    Notes: A simple, reproducible model for reporting adverse events was developed in order to promote cultural awareness and acceptance of risk management within the authors' department. A departmental proforma was created and prospective reporting of adverse events was encouraged. In the six months prior to commencing this study only four adverse incidents were reported. Following the introduction of the proforma 64 critical incidents and near-misses were reported in the one-year period. In conclusion a simple model for reporting critical incidents and near-misses has been established. This has fostered a cultural change within the department and all members of staff feel more comfortable with reporting such incidents. The process is seen as educational and an important part of continuing professional and departmental development. Protocols and changes in organisational practice have been developed to reduce and prevent the occurrence of adverse events and offer patients continuous improvement in care.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09526860310470883
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of two rolled sandy heath communities within a single fire patch in Ngarkat Conservation Park, South Australia (2002)
    Melbourne, Australia : Blackwell Science Asia Pty. Ltd.
    Austral ecology 27 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1442-9993
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Cross-ribbed rolling is a technique routinely used to construct firebreaks along the margins and access tracks of Ngarkat Conservation Park, South Australia. These breaks, approximately 20 m wide, contain regenerating heath communities with an overstorey of mallee. The effects of cross-ribbed rolling on community composition and succession were examined in a single fire patch on the western boundary of Ngarkat Conservation Park across 12 sites located in vegetation burnt approximately 35 years ago. Two areas at each site were investigated, one on rolled communities and the other running parallel on the adjacent unrolled vegetation. There was also a difference in the rolled communities sampled; six were on a 3-year-old break, whereas the remainder were on a 5-year-old break. Results indicate no changes to species richness or diversity when comparing rolled and unrolled areas, but there was some alteration to species composition in rolled communities. These results suggest that under current rolling regimes, the main effect is a reduction in biomass and some accompanying alteration to species composition, but not a reduction in overall species diversity or an increase in weeds.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1442-9993.2002.01157.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fire-induced erosion and millennial-scale climate change in northern ponderosa pine forests (2004)
    [s.l.] : Macmillian Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 432 (2004), S. 87-90 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Western US ponderosa pine forests have recently suffered extensive stand-replacing fires followed by hillslope erosion and sedimentation. These fires are usually attributed to increased stand density as a result of fire suppression, grazing and other land use, and are often considered ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature03058
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Responses of olfactory receptor neurons in Utetheisa ornatrix to gender-specific odors (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 186 (2000), S. 535-542 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Keywords: Key words Pheromone ; Arctiidae ; Trichoid sensilla ; Electrophysiology ; Olfaction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We recorded the electrophysiological responses of individual olfactory receptor neurons in sensilla trichodea on the antennae of adult arctiid moths, Utetheisa ornatrix, to stimulation with volatiles associated with both sexes. All trichoid sensilla contain at least two receptor neurons, each with distinct action potential amplitudes and waveforms, that respond dichotomously to male and female odors. Although, neither female neuron responds to extracts of coremata or the male-produced pheromone hydroxydanaidal, they do respond in a gender-specific manner to the volatiles emanating from whole pupae, hemolymph, thoracic froth, and adult animals of several ages. Thoracic froth, which contains pyrrolizidine alkaloids, is thought to play a role in defense. Froth from moths reared on diets, with or without added pyrrolizidine alkaloids, were equally effective in eliciting gender-specific patterns of response. Male trichoid receptor neurons respond to these same materials with similar patterns of activation. These receptor neurons provide information about substances, which we have termed “gender odors,” that are persistently emitted by nearby animals. These substances do not appear to be the same as those already known to be involved in defense or the sexual dialog between individuals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003590000108
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Crystal Structure and Molecular Modeling of 4,4′-Bi-4H-cyclopenta[def]phenanthrenylidene and Related Derivatives (2000)
    Springer
    Structural chemistry 11 (2000), S. 245-248 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9001
    Keywords: 4,4′-Bi-4H-cyclopenta[def]phenanthrylidene ; oxidative electrocyclization ; Diels-Alder adduct ; pentafulvene ; distorted alkenes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The twisted pentafulvene, 4,4′-bi-4H-cyclopenta[def]phenanthrylidene, does not undergo oxidative electrocyclization to a semibuckminsterfullerene under photo-oxidative conditions. However, the use of standard dehydrogenating agents such as DDQ or tetrachloro-2,3-benzoquinone at 200°C resulted in partial oxidative electrocyclization and formation of a Diels–Alder adduct, respectively. The crystal structure of this Diels-Alder adduct was obtained and shown to possess C2 symmetry. The crystal structure for 4,4′-bi-4H-cyclopenta[def]phenanthrylidene was also obtained and the molecular parameters differ slightly from what was previously reported for the same compound. Molecular modeling of this pentafulvene gave a twist angle matching the crystal structure. Similar modeling of related bifluorenylidene, bis-1,1′-indenylidenes and biscyclopentadienylidene gave twist angles which correlate with the computed heats of hydrogenation for the bridging alkene unit.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009262209989
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Extensions To A Similarity Hypothesis For Shallow Cumulus Convection (2000)
    Springer
    Boundary layer meteorology 97 (2000), S. 173-190 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1472
    Keywords: Cumulus ; Large-eddy simulation ; Similarity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Grant and Brown (Quart. J. Roy. Meteorol. Soc., 125, 1913–1936) proposed a similarity hypothesis for shallow cumulus convection and evaluated it using large-eddy simulation results. Here, results from an additional independent simulation are used to provide further support for the basic theory. At the same time, some extensions to the theory are proposed. It is shown that the effects of non-zero fluxes at cloud base can be conveniently accounted for by a simple representation of the transport of scalar variance into the convecting layer. Theeffects of having more complex mean profile shapes within the layer (and hence changes in the gradient production of variance) are also investigated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1002753930764
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The hormone-sensitive lipase gene is transcribed from at least five alternative first exons in mouse adipose tissue (2000)
    Springer
    Mammalian genome 11 (2000), S. 972-978 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1777
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) mediates triglyceride hydrolysis in adipocytes, in which its expression varies with physiological stress and is controlled posttranslationally and transcriptionally. We sequenced the mouse HSL gene for 8.2 kb upstream of the translation start codon and studied the steady-state HSL mRNA levels in mouse adipose tissue. In 50 clones derived from primer extension and PCR of mouse adipose cDNA, we found five distinct 5′ extremities that correspond to distinct exons in genomic DNA. Exon A is located ∼7 kb 5′ to the HSL translation start site. Exons B, C, and D are clustered 1.5–2 kb upstream, and the previously described exon 1 is immediately upstream and contiguous with the previously described HSL translation start site. Exon A is located ∼7 kb upstream and contains an in-frame methionine codon that could potentially generate another HSL isoform with 43 additional N-terminal residues. cDNA clones containing the newly described exons suggested that each exon has several transcription start sites but that all splice to an acceptor site located 20 nt upstream of the translation initiation codon in exon 1. HSL transcription in mouse adipose tissue originates from multiple sites in the 7-kb region between exon A and exon 1, with peaks at exon C (50–70% of HSL transcripts), exon 1 (5–30%), and exon A (∼10%). There are multiple potential transcription factor-binding elements upstream of each exon, suggesting the possibility of differential transcriptional regulation of HSL in different tissues and under various physiologic conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003350010185
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  • 10
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    Analysis of first LIGO science data for stochastic gravitational waves (2004)
    American Physical Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-06-01
    Print ISSN: 1550-7998
    Electronic ISSN: 1550-2368
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Physical Society
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