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  • 2000-2004  (764)
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  • 11
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    Pigment composition and concentrations within the plant (Ceratophyllum demersum L.) component of the STS-89 C.E.B.A.S. Mini-Module spaceflight experiment (2003)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-01-01
    Print ISSN: 0273-1177
    Electronic ISSN: 1879-1948
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Published by Elsevier
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    PAPER CURRENT
  • 12
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    Cell-wall architecture and lignin composition of wheat developed in a microgravity environment (2001)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: The microgravity environment encountered during space-flight has long been considered to affect plant growth and developmental processes, including cell wall biopolymer composition and content. As a prelude to studying how microgravity is perceived - and acted upon - by plants, it was first instructive to investigate what gross effects on plant growth and development occurred in microgravity. Thus, wheat seedlings were exposed to microgravity on board the space shuttle Discovery (STS-51) for a 10 day duration, and these specimens were compared with their counterparts grown on Earth under the same conditions (e.g. controls). First, the primary roots of the wheat that developed under both microgravity and 1 g on Earth were examined to assess the role of gravity on cellulose microfibril (CMF) organization and secondary wall thickening patterns. Using a quick freeze/deep etch technique, this revealed that the cell wall CMFs of the space-grown wheat maintained the same organization as their 1 g-grown counterparts. That is, in all instances, CMFs were randomly interwoven with each other in the outermost layers (farthest removed from the plasma membrane), and parallel to each other within the individual strata immediately adjacent to the plasma membranes. The CMF angle in the innermost stratum relative to the immediately adjacent stratum was ca 80 degrees in both the space and Earth-grown plants. Second, all plants grown in microgravity had roots that grew downwards into the agar; they did not display "wandering" and upward growth as previously reported by others. Third, the space-grown wheat also developed normal protoxylem and metaxylem vessel elements with secondary thickening patterns ranging from spiral to regular pit to reticulate thickenings. Fourthly, both the space- and Earth-grown plants were essentially of the same size and height, and their lignin analyses revealed no substantial differences in their amounts and composition regardless of the gravitational field experienced, i.e. for the purposes of this study, all plants were essentially identical. These results suggest that the microgravity environment itself at best only slightly affected either cell wall biopolymer synthesis or the deposition of CMFs, in contrast to previous assertions.
    Keywords: Life Sciences (General)
    Type: Phytochemistry (ISSN 0031-9422); Volume 57; 6; 835-46
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 13
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    [Pre-flight ground studies for the Water Offset Nutrient Delivery Experiment (WONDER): a spaceflight payload comparing two nutrient delivery systems for plant growth in space] (2001)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: No abstract available
    Keywords: Man/System Technology and Life Support
    Type: Uchu seibutsu kagaku (ISSN 0914-9201); Volume 15; 3; 232-3
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 14
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    Effect of spaceflight on isoflavonoid accumulation in etiolated soybean seedlings (2001)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: In order to explore the potential impact of microgravity on flavonoid biosynthesis, we examined isoflavonoid levels in soybean (Glycine max) tissues generated under both spaceflight and clinorotation conditions. A 6-day Space Shuttle-based microgravity exposure resulted in enhanced accumulation of isoflavone glycosides (daidzin, 6"-O-malonyl-7-O-glucosyl daidzein, genistin, 6"-O-malonyl-7-O-glucosyl genistein) in hypocotyl and root tissues, but reduced levels in cotyledons (relative to 1g controls on Earth). Soybean seedlings grown on a horizontally rotating clinostat for 3, 4 and 5 days exhibited (relative to a vertical clinorotation control) an isoflavonoid accumulation pattern similar to the space-grown tissues. Elevated isoflavonoid levels attributable to the clinorotation treatment were transient, with the greatest increase observed in the three-day-treated tissues and smaller increases in the four- and five-day-treated tissues. Differences between stresses presented by spaceflight and clinorotation and the resulting biochemical adaptations are discussed, as is whether the increase in isoflavonoid concentrations were due to differential rates of development under the "gravity" treatments employed. Results suggest that spaceflight exposure does not impair isoflavonoid accumulation in developing soybean tissues and that isoflavonoids respond positively to microgravity as a biochemical strategy of adaptation.
    Keywords: Life Sciences (General)
    Type: Journal of gravitational physiology : a journal of the International Society for Gravitational Physiology (ISSN 1077-9248); 8; 2; 21-7
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 15
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    Pigment composition and concentrations within the plant (Ceratophyllum demersum L.) component of the STS-89 C.E.B.A.S. Mini-Module spaceflight experiment (2003)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The Closed Equilibrated Biological Aquatic System (C.E.B.A.S.) Mini-Module, a Space Shuttle middeck locker payload which supports a variety of aquatic inhabitants (fish, snails, plants and bacteria) in an enclosed 8.6 L chamber, was tested for its biological stability in microgravity. The aquatic plant, Ceratophyllum demersum L., was critical for the vitality and functioning of this artificial mini-ecosystem. Its photosynthetic pigment concentrations were of interest due to their light harvesting and protective functions. "Post-flight" chlorophyll and carotenoid concentrations within Ceratophyllum apical segments were directly related to the quantities of light received in the experiments, with microgravity exposure (STS-89) failing to account for any significant deviation from ground control studies. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd on behalf of COSPAR.
    Keywords: Man/System Technology and Life Support
    Type: Advances in space research : the official journal of the Committee on Space Research (COSPAR); 31; 1; 211-4
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Long-implosion plasma radiation sources using "solid-fill" nozzles (2001)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 8 (2001), S. 533-541 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Solid-fill nozzles for long-implosion Z-pinch experiments to produce argon K-shell x rays (photon energy 〉3.1 keV) have been developed. With a 7 cm diam nozzle, which is appropriate for a 200 ns driver, stable implosions at 180 ns and 4 MA have produced peak argon K-shell yields exceeding 15 kJ. As previously seen with short (∼100 ns) implosion times, the K-shell yield scales as the fourth power of peak current, I4. Limited testing with a 10 cm nozzle, which is appropriate for a 〉250 ns driver, has also achieved a stable implosion. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1333696
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Initial results for an argon Z pinch using a double-shell gas puff (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 7 (2000), S. 4223-4226 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Recent observations are given for an argon double-shell gas puff imploded with up to 4 MA in 200 ns on the Double Eagle generator [G. B. Frazier et al., Digest of Technical Papers, Fourth IEEE Pulsed Power Conference (IEEE, Piscataway, NJ, 1983), p. 583]. Good K-shell x-ray output with good pinch quality was observed. A novel experimental procedure was used to selectively seed the inner or outer gas plenums with a chlorine tracer. The tracer data provide the first direct experimental evidence that the mass initially closest to the axis is the dominant contributor to the hot core of the radiating pinch. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1288491
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Efficient argon K-shell radiation from a Z pinch at currents 〉15 MA (2001)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 8 (2001), S. 3135-3138 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The first observations of gaseous load implosions with over 15 MA in 〉110 ns on the Z generator [R. B. Spielman et al., Phys. Plasmas 5, 2105 (1998)] are reported. Starting from a diameter of over 8 cm, an argon double-shell Z pinch imploded to under 0.5 cm K-shell emission diameter. With a load mass of 0.8 mg/cm, K-shell x-ray output reached 274±24 kJ in a 15 TW peak power, 12 ns pulse. This record-high yield is consistent with the current-squared scaling predicted for the "efficient" emission regime. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1373418
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tomography of integrated circuit interconnect with an electromigration void (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 87 (2000), S. 4483-4488 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: An integrated circuit interconnect was subject to accelerated-life test conditions to induce an electromigration void. The silicon substrate was removed, leaving only the interconnect test structure encased in silica. We imaged the sample with 1750 eV photons using the 2-ID-B scanning transmission x-ray microscope at the Advanced Photon Source, a third-generation synchrotron facility. Fourteen views through the sample were obtained over a 170° range of angles (with a 40° gap) about a single rotation axis. Two sampled regions were selected for three-dimensional reconstruction: one of the ragged end of a wire depleted by the void, the other of the adjacent interlevel connection (or "via"). We applied two reconstruction techniques: the simultaneous iterative reconstruction technique and a Bayesian reconstruction technique, the generalized Gaussian Markov random field method. The stated uncertainties are total, with one standard deviation, which resolved the sample to 200±70 and 140±30 nm, respectively. The tungsten via is distinguished from the aluminum wire by higher absorption. Within the void, the aluminum is entirely depleted from under the tungsten via. The reconstructed data show the applicability of this technique to three-dimensional imaging of buried defects in submicrometer structures relevant to the microelectronics industry. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.373095
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Axially resolved z-pinch density, electron temperature, and K-shell emitting mass estimates from charge-coupled device based diagnostics : Papers from the thirteenth topical conference on high temperature plasma diagnostics (2001)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 72 (2001), S. 1232-1235 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Timely estimates of z-pinch plasma conditions can aid in the optimization of plasma radiation source K-shell emission. For example, a shell-on-shell argon gas puff has many parameters, such as the axial gas density profile, inner to outer shell mass ratio, total mass, and pinch load length, which can be varied on a shot by shot basis. At the Double-EAGLE facility at Maxwell Physics International, digital cameras have been implemented to routinely record pinhole images, x-ray spectra, and axially resolved streak images. A computer algorithm has been implemented to take as input the data (pinch diameter, Ar Lyα to Heα line ratio, and K-shell power) and output the plasma parameters (density, electron temperature, and K-shell-emitting mass) as a function of z-pinch axial location. We describe the algorithm and present results for three different z-pinch loads. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1324751
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