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  • 2000-2004  (397)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Industrial relations journal 31 (2000), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1468-2338
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This article examines the reform of public services management in Europe drawing on material from Britain, Denmark, France, Germany, Italy and Spain. It considers the limitations of interpreting changing public service employment relations in terms of a convergence towards the new public management and outlines an alternative interpretation of these reforms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Mathematical Physics 41 (2000), S. 3985-4060 
    ISSN: 1089-7658
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: We study an atom with finitely many energy levels in contact with a heat bath consisting of photons (blackbody radiation) at a temperature T〉0. The dynamics of this system is described by a Liouville operator, or thermal Hamiltonian, which is the sum of an atomic Liouville operator, of a Liouville operator describing the dynamics of a free, massless Bose field, and a local operator describing the interactions between the atom and the heat bath. We show that an arbitrary initial state that is normal with respect to the equilibrium state of the uncoupled system at temperature T converges to an equilibrium state of the coupled system at the same temperature, as time tends to +∞ (return to equilibrium). © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    Review of international economics 8 (2000), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-9396
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: It is found that market growth and structural changes will affect the results of quantitative analyses of the Uruguay Round. Rapid economic growth in Asia, and relatively deeper cuts in protection in that region, result in larger proportionate welfare gains in the year 2005 than in the year 1992. It is also found that changing comparative advantage, and shifts in global demand, result in substantial changes in the restrictive effects of the bilateral quotas on textiles and apparel. Accounting for the factors associated with market growth and structural change adds 30% to the estimates of global welfare gains from the Uruguay Round.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 79 (2001), S. 2324-2326 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A multiwavelength laser array with four complex coupled distributed feedback lasers was fabricated by focused-ion-beam lithography. The laser array was monolithically integrated with a combiner network to allow simultaneous operation and coupling of four wavelengths into one single-mode fiber. To reduce the fabrication complexity, focused-ion-beam technology was used to define complex coupled gratings lateral to pumped ridge waveguide sections without any further overgrowth step. A four wavelength output with 6-nm-wavelength spacing and side-mode suppression ratios of more than 35 dB were obtained with output powers up to 6 mW per channel. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 77 (2000), S. 325-327 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Laterally complex coupled distributed feedback lasers have been fabricated by focused-ion-beam lithography on completely grown InGaAsP/InP laser structures emitting at 1.55 μm. The grating definition is based on implantation-enhanced quantum-well intermixing and wet chemical etching and allows the fabrication of complex coupled antiphase gratings without any further overgrowth step. Side-mode suppression ratios of 45 dB and bandwidths for direct modulation beyond 13 GHz were obtained for 300-μm-long devices. The lasers exhibit frequency-modulation response values lower than 200 MHz/mA and feature a low sensitivity to back-reflected light. Preliminary lifetime measurements over 7000 h continuous-wave operation at room temperature show no significant indication for long-time degradation. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 112 (2000), S. 1192-1203 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Mass- and isomer-selected S1←S0 resonant two-photon ionization and S1→S0 fluorescence spectra were obtained for the supersonically cooled 7-hydroxyquinoline⋅(H2O)2 cluster. UV/UV-holeburning measurements show that 〉98% of the spectrum is due to a single "water-chain" cluster isomer, although two different tautomers (7-keto- and 7-hydroxyquinoline), two different rotamers (cis- and trans-hydroxy), and two torsional conformers of the chain are possible. Ab initio calculations of structures and vibrations of five different tautomers/ rotamers/ conformers of this cluster are reported. These predict that the cis-7-hydroxyquinoline⋅(H2O)2 "up/down" water-chain form is the most stable cluster. The experimentally observed S0 and S1 state vibrational frequencies agree well with those calculated for this isomer. We find no evidence for either the trans-rotamer or the keto tautomer clusters. S1←S0 excitation leads to contraction of all three hydrogen-bonds along the hydrogen-bonded water chain, inducing intermolecular stretching vibrations, but no proton transfer. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 113 (2000), S. 9032-9043 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The supersonically cooled 7-hydroxyquinoline⋅(H2O)3 cluster was investigated by mass- and isomer-selected S1←S0 resonant two-photon ionization and S1→S0 fluorescence spectroscopy. UV(ultraviolet)/UV-holeburning measurements prove that a single cluster isomer is formed, although different tautomers (7-keto- and 7-hydroxyquinoline), rotamers (cis and trans) and isomers (cyclic and water–wire) are possible. Ab initio calculations of structures and vibrations of different tautomers and isomers of this cluster predict that the cis-enol-7-hydroxyquinoline⋅(H2O)3 "water–wire" cluster is the most stable species. The experimental S0 and S1 inter- and intramolecular vibrational frequencies are in good agreement with the calculated harmonic frequencies. S1←S0 excitation leads to contraction of all four hydrogen bonds along the hydrogen bonded water wire, inducing intense intermolecular stretching vibrations of the O–H(centered ellipsis)O and HO–H(centered ellipsis)N(quinoline) hydrogen bonds which terminate the water–wire. There are no spectroscopic signs of proton transfer. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    Business and politics 6.2004, 2, art3 
    ISSN: 1369-5258
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Political Science , Economics
    Notes: The battle between the recording industry and those illegal sharing music over the Internet has gripped headlines over the last few years like few others related to the digital age. At its core, it is a battle about the meaning of property and thus a battle over the heart of the emerging information economy. This article critically examines the double punch of law and technology - the simultaneous and interwoven deployment of legal and electronic measures to protect digital content - and asks whether it is merely a defense strategy against piracy, as the industry asserts, or rather an attempt to fundamentally redefine the producer-consumer relationship. Based on some initial evidence for the latter proposition, the article analyzes reasons for concern, outlines the current politics of copyright policymaking that have given producers the upper hand, and sketches elements of a strategy to fight music piracy that does not infringe on basic consumer rights.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Human resource management journal 14 (2004), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1748-8583
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This article examines the role of trade unions in the health service at workplace level under the Labour government's modernisation agenda, and focuses on the shifting balance between forms of direct and indirect participation drawing on case studies of three acute hospital trusts. There has been a strong growth in forms of direct communication within the case study trusts and some increase in direct participation among professional groups. Despite this ‘dualism’ in employment relations, however, the target culture of the NHS has precluded the development of effective voice mechanisms. The policy implications for trade unions and the implications for the implementation of NHS pay modernisation are considered.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Immunology 19 (2001), S. 131-161 
    ISSN: 0732-0582
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Tolerance to beta cell autoantigens represents a fragile equilibrium. Autoreactive T cells specific to these autoantigens are present in most normal individuals but are kept under control by a number of peripheral tolerance mechanisms, among which CD4+ CD25+ CD62L+ T cell-mediated regulation probably plays a central role. The equilibrium may be disrupted by inappropriate activation of autoantigen-specific T cells, notably following to local inflammation that enhances the expression of the various molecules contributing to antigen recognition by T cells. Even when T cell activation finally overrides regulation, stimulation of regulatory cells by CD3 antibodies may reset the control of autoimmunity. Other procedures may also lead to disease prevention. These procedures are essentially focused on Th2 cytokines, whether used systemically or produced by Th2 cells after specific stimulation by autoantigens. Protection can also be obtained by NK T cell stimulation. Administration of beta cell antigens or CD3 antibodies is now being tested in clinical trials in prediabetics and/or recently diagnosed diabetes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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