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  • Man/System Technology and Life Support  (7)
  • Oceanography  (5)
  • Mutation  (3)
  • 2000-2004  (15)
  • 1
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    [Pre-flight ground studies for the Water Offset Nutrient Delivery Experiment (WONDER): a spaceflight payload comparing two nutrient delivery systems for plant growth in space] (2001)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: No abstract available
    Keywords: Man/System Technology and Life Support
    Type: Uchu seibutsu kagaku (ISSN 0914-9201); Volume 15; 3; 232-3
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 2
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    Pigment composition and concentrations within the plant (Ceratophyllum demersum L.) component of the STS-89 C.E.B.A.S. Mini-Module spaceflight experiment (2003)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The Closed Equilibrated Biological Aquatic System (C.E.B.A.S.) Mini-Module, a Space Shuttle middeck locker payload which supports a variety of aquatic inhabitants (fish, snails, plants and bacteria) in an enclosed 8.6 L chamber, was tested for its biological stability in microgravity. The aquatic plant, Ceratophyllum demersum L., was critical for the vitality and functioning of this artificial mini-ecosystem. Its photosynthetic pigment concentrations were of interest due to their light harvesting and protective functions. "Post-flight" chlorophyll and carotenoid concentrations within Ceratophyllum apical segments were directly related to the quantities of light received in the experiments, with microgravity exposure (STS-89) failing to account for any significant deviation from ground control studies. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd on behalf of COSPAR.
    Keywords: Man/System Technology and Life Support
    Type: Advances in space research : the official journal of the Committee on Space Research (COSPAR); 31; 1; 211-4
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 3
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    Resetting the circadian clock by social experience in Drosophila melanogaster (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-12-10
    Description: Circadian clocks are influenced by social interactions in a variety of species, but little is known about the sensory mechanisms underlying these effects. We investigated whether social cues could reset circadian rhythms in Drosophila melanogaster by addressing two questions: Is there a social influence on circadian timing? If so, then how is that influence communicated? The experiments show that in a social context Drosophila transmit and receive cues that influence circadian time and that these cues are likely olfactory.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Levine, Joel D -- Funes, Pablo -- Dowse, Harold B -- Hall, Jeffrey C -- GM-33205/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- NS-44232/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Dec 6;298(5600):2010-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02454, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12471264" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Behavior, Animal ; *Circadian Rhythm ; *Cues ; Darkness ; Drosophila Proteins/genetics/physiology ; Drosophila melanogaster/genetics/*physiology ; Light ; Male ; Motor Activity ; Mutation ; Nuclear Proteins/genetics/physiology ; Period Circadian Proteins ; Smell/physiology ; Social Behavior ; Sodium Channels/genetics/physiology ; Temperature
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    PAPER CURRENT
  • 4
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    Phospholipid metabolism regulated by a transcription factor sensing phosphatidic acid (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-06-12
    Description: Cells regulate the biophysical properties of their membranes by coordinated synthesis of different classes of lipids. Here, we identified a highly dynamic feedback mechanism by which the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae can regulate phospholipid biosynthesis. Phosphatidic acid on the endoplasmic reticulum directly bound to the soluble transcriptional repressor Opi1p to maintain it as inactive outside the nucleus. After the addition of the lipid precursor inositol, this phosphatidic acid was rapidly consumed, releasing Opi1p from the endoplasmic reticulum and allowing its nuclear translocation and repression of target genes. Thus, phosphatidic acid appears to be both an essential ubiquitous metabolic intermediate and a signaling lipid.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Loewen, C J R -- Gaspar, M L -- Jesch, S A -- Delon, C -- Ktistakis, N T -- Henry, S A -- Levine, T P -- BBS/E/B/0000F969/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- GM-19629/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jun 11;304(5677):1644-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Cell Biology, Institute of Ophthalmology, Bath Street, London EC1V 9EL, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15192221" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Active Transport, Cell Nucleus ; Animals ; Binding Sites ; COS Cells ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; Cercopithecus aethiops ; Cytidine Diphosphate Diglycerides/metabolism ; Endoplasmic Reticulum/metabolism ; Inositol/*metabolism ; Liposomes/metabolism ; Mutation ; Nuclear Envelope/metabolism ; Phosphatidic Acids/*metabolism ; Phosphatidylinositols/metabolism ; Phospholipids/biosynthesis/*metabolism ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Repressor Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genetics/*metabolism ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Signal Transduction
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    PAPER CURRENT
  • 5
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    Autophagy genes are essential for dauer development and life-span extension in C. elegans (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-09-06
    Description: Both dauer formation (a stage of developmental arrest) and adult life-span in Caenorhabditis elegans are negatively regulated by insulin-like signaling, but little is known about cellular pathways that mediate these processes. Autophagy, through the sequestration and delivery of cargo to the lysosomes, is the major route for degrading long-lived proteins and cytoplasmic organelles in eukaryotic cells. Using nematodes with a loss-of-function mutation in the insulin-like signaling pathway, we show that bec-1, the C. elegans ortholog of the yeast and mammalian autophagy gene APG6/VPS30/beclin1, is essential for normal dauer morphogenesis and life-span extension. Dauer formation is associated with increased autophagy and also requires C. elegans orthologs of the yeast autophagy genes APG1, APG7, APG8, and AUT10. Thus, autophagy is a cellular pathway essential for dauer development and life-span extension in C. elegans.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Melendez, Alicia -- Talloczy, Zsolt -- Seaman, Matthew -- Eskelinen, Eeva-Liisa -- Hall, David H -- Levine, Beth -- CA84254/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- RR 12596/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Sep 5;301(5638):1387-91.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians & Surgeons, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12958363" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Genetically Modified ; Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins ; Autophagy/*genetics ; Caenorhabditis elegans/*genetics/*growth & development/metabolism/ultrastructure ; Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins/chemistry/*genetics/metabolism/physiology ; Genes, Fungal ; *Genes, Helminth ; Humans ; Longevity ; Membrane Proteins ; Morphogenesis ; Mutation ; Phagosomes/ultrastructure ; Phenotype ; Proteins/chemistry/genetics/physiology ; RNA Interference ; Receptor, Insulin/genetics/metabolism ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genetics/physiology ; Signal Transduction ; Vesicular Transport Proteins
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    PAPER CURRENT
  • 6
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    Low potassium enhances sodium uptake in red-beet under moderate saline conditions (2000)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: Due to the discrepancy in metabolic sodium (Na) requirements between plants and animals, cycling of Na between humans and plants is limited and critical to the proper functioning of bio-regenerative life support systems, being considered for long-term human habitats in space (e.g., Martian bases). This study was conducted to determine the effects of limited potassium (K) on growth, Na uptake, photosynthesis, ionic partitioning, and water relations of red-beet (Beta vulgaris L. ssp. vulgaris) under moderate Na-saline conditions. Two cultivars, Klein Bol, and Ruby Queen were grown for 42 days in a growth chamber using a re-circulating nutrient film technique where the supplied K levels were 5.0, 1.25, 0.25, and 0.10 mM in a modified half-strength Hoagland solution salinized with 50 mM NaCl. Reducing K levels from 5.0 to 0.10 mM quadrupled the Na uptake, and lamina Na levels reached -20 g kg-1 dwt. Lamina K levels decreased from -60 g kg-1 dwt at 5.0 mM K to -4.0 g kg-1 dwt at 0.10 mM K. Ruby Queen and Klein Bol responded differently to these changes in Na and K status. Klein Bol showed a linear decline in dry matter production with a decrease in available K, whereas for cv. Ruby Queen, growth was stimulated at 1.25 mM K and relatively insensitive to a further decreases of K down to 0.10 mM. Leaf glycinebetaine levels showed no significant response to the changing K treatments. Leaf relative water content and osmotic potential were significantly higher for both cultivars at low-K treatments. Leaf chlorophyll levels were significantly decreased at low-K treatments, but leaf photosynthetic rates showed no significant difference. No substantial changes were observed in the total cation concentration of plant tissues despite major shifts in the relative Na and K uptake at various K levels. Sodium accounted for 90% of the total cation uptake at the low K levels, and thus Na was likely replacing K in osmotic functions without negatively affecting the plant water status, or growth. Our results also suggest that cv. Ruby Queen can tolerate a much higher Na tissue concentration than cv. Klein Bol before there is any growth reduction. Grant numbers: 12180.
    Keywords: Man/System Technology and Life Support
    Type: Journal of plant nutrition (ISSN 0190-4167); Volume 23; 10; 1449-70
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 7
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    Plants in space (2002)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: Virtually all scenarios for the long-term habitation of spacecraft and other extraterrestrial structures involve plants as important parts of the contained environment that would support humans. Recent experiments have identified several effects of spaceflight on plants that will need to be more fully understood before plant-based life support can become a reality. The International Space Station (ISS) is the focus for the newest phase of space-based research, which should solve some of the mysteries of how spaceflight affects plant growth. Research carried out on the ISS and in the proposed terrestrial facility for Advanced Life Support testing will bring the requirements for establishing extraterrestrial plant-based life support systems into clearer focus.
    Keywords: Man/System Technology and Life Support
    Type: Current opinion in plant biology (ISSN 1369-5266); Volume 5; 3; 258-63
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 8
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    Use of IRI to Model the Effect of Ionosphere Emission on Earth Remote Sensing at L-Band (2004)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-18
    Description: Microwave remote sensing in the window at 1.413 GHz (L-band) set aside for passive use only is important for monitoring sea surface salinity and soil moisture. These parameters are important for understanding ocean dynamics and energy exchange between the surface and atmosphere, and both NASA and ESA plan to launch satellite sensors to monitor these parameters at L-band (Aquarius, Hydros and SMOS). The ionosphere is an important source of error for passive remote sensing at this frequency. In addition to Faraday rotation, emission from the ionosphere is also a potential source of error at L-band. As an aid for correcting for emission, a regression model is presented that relates ionosphere emission to the integrated electron density (TEC). The goal is to use TEC from sources such as TOPEX, JASON or GPS to obtain estimates of emission over the oceans where the electron density profiles needed to compute emission are not available. In addition, data will also be presented to evaluate the use of the IRI for computing emission over the ocean.
    Keywords: Oceanography
    Type: Advanced in Space Research; Feb 01, 2004 - Feb 28, 2004; United States
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 9
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    Salinity Measurements During the Gulf Stream Experiment (2000)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Description: The salinity of the open ocean is important for understanding ocean circulation, for understanding energy exchange with the atmosphere and for improving models to predict weather and climate. Passive microwave sensors at L-band (1.4 GHz) operating from aircraft have demonstrated that salinity can be measured with sufficient accuracy (1 psu) to be scientifically meaningful in coastal waters. However, measuring salinity in the open ocean presents unresolved issues largely because of the much greater accuracy (approx. 0.1 psu) required to be scientifically viable. In the summer of 1999 a series of measurements called, The Gulf Stream Experiment, were conducted as part of research at the Goddard Space Flight Center to test the potential for passive microwave remote sensing of salinity in the open ocean. The measurements consisted of a compliment of airborne microwave instruments (radiometers and scatterometer) and ships and drifters for surface truth. The study area was a 200 km by 100 km rectangle about 250 km east of Delaware Bay between the continental shelf waters and north wall of the Gulf Stream. The primary passive instruments were the ESTAR radiometer (L-band, H-pol) and the SLFMR radiometer (L-band, V-pol). In addition, the compliment of instruments on the aircraft included a C-band radiometer (ACMR), an ocean wave scatterometer (ROWS) and an infrared radiometer. A GPS backscatter experiment was also part of the package. These instruments were mounted on the NASA P-3 Orion aircraft. Surface salinity measurements were provided by the RN Cape Henlopen and MN Oleander (thermosalinographs) plus salinity and temperature sensors on three surface drifters deployed from the RN Cape Henopen. The primary experiment period was August 26-September 2, 1999. During this period the salinity field within the study area consisted of a gradient on the order of 2-3 psu in the vicinity of the shelf break and a warm core ring with a gradient of 1-2 psu. Detailed maps were made with the airborne sensors on August 28 and 29 and on September 2 flights were made over the surface drifters to look for effects due to a change in surface roughness resulting from the passage of Hurricane Dennis. Preliminary results show a good agreement between the microwave measurements and ship measurements of salinity. The features of the brightness temperature maps correspond well with the features of the salinity field measured by the ship and drifters and a preliminary retrieval of salinity compares well with the ship data.
    Keywords: Oceanography
    Type: Geoscience and Remote Sensing; Jul 24, 2000 - Jul 28, 2000; Honolulu, HI; United States
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 10
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    Work measurement for estimating food preparation time of a bioregenerative diet (2003)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: During space missions, such as the prospective Mars mission, crew labor time is a strictly limited resource. The diet for such a mission (based on crops grown in a bioregenerative life support system) will require astronauts to prepare their meals essentially from raw ingredients. Time spent on food processing and preparation is time lost for other purposes. Recipe design and diet planning for a space mission should therefore incorporate the time required to prepare the recipes as a critical factor. In this study, videotape analysis of an experienced chef was used to develop a database of recipe preparation time. The measurements were highly consistent among different measurement teams. Data analysis revealed a wide variation between the active times of different recipes, underscoring the need for optimization of diet planning. Potential uses of the database developed in this study are discussed and illustrated in this work.
    Keywords: Man/System Technology and Life Support
    Type: Habitation (Elmsford, N.Y.) (ISSN 1542-9660); 9; 2-Jan; 17-30
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
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