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  • Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration  (5)
  • 2000-2004  (5)
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  • 1
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    Self-assembling amphiphilic molecules: Synthesis in simulated interstellar/precometary ices (2001)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: Interstellar gas and dust constitute the primary material from which the solar system formed. Near the end of the hot early phase of star and planet formation, volatile, less refractory materials were transported into the inner solar system as comets and interplanetary dust particles. Once the inner planets had sufficiently cooled, late accretionary infall seeded them with complex organic compounds [Oro, J. (1961) Nature (London) 190, 389-390; Delsemme, A. H. (1984) Origins Life 14, 51-60; Anders, E. (1989) Nature (London) 342, 255-257; Chyba, C. F. & Sagan, C. (1992) Nature (London) 355, 125-131]. Delivery of such extraterrestrial compounds may have contributed to the organic inventory necessary for the origin of life. Interstellar ices, the building blocks of comets, tie up a large fraction of the biogenic elements available in molecular clouds. In our efforts to understand their synthesis, chemical composition, and physical properties, we report here that a complex mixture of molecules is produced by UV photolysis of realistic, interstellar ice analogs, and that some of the components have properties relevant to the origin of life, including the ability to self-assemble into vesicular structures.
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Type: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (ISSN 0027-8424); Volume 98; 3; 815-9
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 2
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    Stardust Imaging of Comet Wild 2: First Look (2004)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-06-11
    Description: On 2 January 2004 during its historic flight to return cometary dust samples to earth, the STARDUST spacecraft flew within the coma of comet Wild 2 and also took 72 images where the surface was resolved during the flyby. A combination of long and short exposures was used to observe the jets and the surface. Comet Surface: The images revealed a planetary body, one not having a significant atmosphere, quite different from any other such body seen from other spacecraft. Surface depressions, potentially a combination of craters and vents, were not bowl-shaped but typically had steep walls and flattened floors. One depression considered to be a vent, the source of a jet, had a depth to diameter ratio of approx.0.4, with near vertical walls. Jets: At least 10 to possibly 20 jets were active during the flyby. Some were traced back to the surface where they seem to originate from the near vertical walls of depressions (vents) that were facing the sun, having the highest solar insolation.
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Type: Lunar and Planetary Science XXXV: Stardust Mission; LPI-Contrib-1197
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 3
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    Streaming Clumps Ejection Model and the Heterogeneous Inner Coma of Comet Wild 2 (2004)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-10
    Description: The conventional concept of cometary comae is that they are dominated by fine particulates released individually by sublimation of surface volatiles and subsequent entrainment in the near-surface gas. It has long been recognized that such particulates could be relatively large, with early estimates that objects perhaps up to one meter in size may be levitated from the surface of the typical cometary nucleus. However, the general uniformity and small average particulate size of observed comae and the relatively smooth, monotonic increases and decreases in particle density during the Giotto flythrough of comet Halley s coma in 1986 reinforced the view that the bulk of the particles are released at the surface, are fine-sized and inert. Jets have been interpreted as geometrically constrained release of these particulates. With major heterogeneities observed during the recent flythrough of the inner coma of comet Wild 2, these views deserve reconsideration.
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Type: JSC-CN-8358 , Lunar and Planetary Science XXXV: Stardust Mission; LPI-Contrib-1197
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 4
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    Preliminary Sample Analysis Plan for the Cometary and Interstellar Samples Being Returned by the Stardust Spacecraft (2004)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-10
    Description: The NASA Stardust comet sample return mission is proceeding very well, and the science team breathed a collective sigh of relief following the successful comet sample collection phase which occurred during a 6.1 km/s, 340km-close flyby of comet Wild-2 on Jan 2 of this year. Multiple images of the comet nucleus were obtained and a variety of onboard instruments returned in situ data on the spatial distribution, particle size frequency and composition of the dust in the comet s coma. These data are currently being processed and analyzed. It is expected that 500-1000 comet particles 〉15 m were collected by impact into low density silica aerogel, as well as many more smaller grains. Previous tests with hypervelocity guns firing small particles into aerogel indicate that material should have successfully been collected by the Stardust aerogel [1&2]. In addition, many (~100) grains of interstellar material newly entering the Solar System should have been collected by the spacecraft during its cruise phase to the comet.
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Type: JSC-CN-8352 , Lunar and Planetary Science XXXV: Stardust Mission; LPI-Contrib-1197
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 5
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    Stardust Sample Collection at Wild 2 and Its Preliminary Examination (2004)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-15
    Description: The primary objective of STARDUST is to collect coma samples from 81P/Wild 2. This was made on January 2, 2004. Before the encounter three significant model predictions existed for the number and size of samples to be captured. Three investigations during the Wild 2 encounter (Dust Flux Monitor, Comet and Interstellar Dust Analyzer and Dynamic Science) made in situ measurements of the dust. Spectacular images were captured of the Wild 2 nucleus and dust jets. This abstract compares the model predictions with the in situ measurements and Wild 2 images and assesses the likely samples to be returned for analysis on January 15, 2006. To give some lead time for sample analysts to prepare for the analyses of the returned samples, the organization of the Preliminary Examination is presented.
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Type: JSC-CN-8373 , Lunar and Planetary Science XXXV: Stardust Mission; LPI-Contrib-1197
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
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