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  • General Chemistry  (2)
  • Atherosclerosis  (1)
  • Epoxidations  (1)
  • Key words: Plant-insect interaction – Proteinase inhibitor –Spodoptera– Wound response –Zea (wound response)  (1)
  • 2000-2004  (4)
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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Key words: Plant-insect interaction – Proteinase inhibitor –Spodoptera– Wound response –Zea (wound response)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract. The mpi gene encodes a maize proteinase inhibitor (MPI) protein whose mRNA accumulates in response to mechanical wounding. In this study, mpi gene expression in response to different types of damage was investigated. In mechanically damaged leaves of maize (Zea mays L.), mpi mRNA accumulation was affected by the degree of damage inflicted on the leaf. Consecutive wounds resulted in higher levels of mpi transcripts. The MPI protein was expressed in Escherichia coli and purified. Polyclonal antibodies were then produced and used to study MPI accumulation in insect-wounded and mechanically wounded maize leaves. When larvae of the lepidopteran insect Spodoptera littoralis were fed on maize leaves, MPI accumulated in tissues adjacent to the wound site. The level of inhibitor accumulation was higher in leaves chewed by larvae than in leaves that had been damaged mechanically. Longer feeding periods also resulted in higher levels of MPI accumulation. Additionally, the inhibitory properties of MPI toward mammalian and insect digestive serine proteinases were determined. Contrary to the majority of the plant proteinase inhibitors described, MPI is an inhibitor of mammalian elastase that only weakly inhibits mammalian chymotrypsin. However, both elastase and chymotrypsin-like activities from the larval midgut of S. littoralis were effectively inhibited by MPI. We discuss these results with regard to the function and evolution of plant proteinase inhibitors. The availability of a plant proteinase inhibitor which is able to inhibit the two types of insect digestive proteinase, elastase and chymotrypsin, might be useful for engineering protection against lepidopteran insect pests in transgenic plants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Apoptosis ; Atherosclerosis ; Endothelium ; Lipoproteins
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Endothelial lesion by oxidized low-density liproproteins (LDL) is one of the first stages in the development of atherosclerosis. The effect of these lipoproteins can range from a functional lesion of the endothelium to death of the endothelial cells by apoptosis. High-density lipoproteins (HDL) are one of the factors which can have a protective effect against the development of atheromatous plaques. The aim of this study is to establish whether the death of endothelial cells by apoptosis induced by oxidized LDLs is prevented by HDLs. ECV304 endothelial cells and bovine aorta endothelial cells were incubated with native LDLs, oxidized LDLs, and a combination of both oxidized LDLs and HDLs. Oxidized LDLs caused a significant increase of mortality mainly by apoptosis. However, when HDLs were added together with oxidized LDLs the percentage of total mortality, the degree of lipoprotein oxidation in the medium, and the percentage of cells in apoptosis were all significantly decreased. HDLs protect against the cytotoxicity of oxidized LDLs possibly by preventing the propagation of the oxidative chain in these lipoproteins.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 2000 (2000), S. 1387-1389 
    ISSN: 1434-193X
    Keywords: Natural products ; Epoxidations ; Asymmetric synthesis ; Fluorine ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: ---The synthesis of enantiomerically and diastereomerically pure (-)-(1R,2R,5R)- and (-)-(1R,2S,5R)-2-fluoro frontalin (7) starting from (+)-(1S)-menthyl-(R)-toluene-4-sulfinate, methylmagnesium bromide, methyl fluoroacetate, 4-pentenyl bromide and diazomethane is described. The absolute stereochemistry was unambiguously determined by X-ray analysis of (+)-(1S,2R,5S,RS)-5, an intermediate in the synthesis of the enantiomeric (+)-(1S,2R,5S)-2-fluoro frontalin (7).
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1434-1948
    Keywords: Silicon ; Silyl anions ; Lithium ; Silanes ; Polysilyl dianions ; α,ω-Dilithiooligosilanes ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: (Me3Si)3Si(Me2Si)2(Me3Si)2SiLi (1) and LiSi(Me3Si)2(Me2Si)2Si(Me3Si)2Li (2) were synthesized by the reaction of (Me3Si)3Si(Me2Si)2Si(Me3Si)3 in THF with one or two mol-equivalents, respectively, of MeLi. Both 1 and 2 were characterized spectroscopically and by trapping reactions, and 1 also by X-ray crystallography.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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