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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Artificial realization of human on-off decision making based on the conditional probability of a database (2000)
    Springer
    Artificial life and robotics 4 (2000), S. 89-95 
    Details
    ISSN: 1614-7456
    Keywords: On-off human decision making ; Artificial realization of human decisions ; Conditional probability ; Data-base ; Insulator washing timing ; Spike detection
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract As human on-off decisions are the basic problems in our human lives, the analysis of human on-off decision making is an interesting topic. The procedures of qualified human decision making include many intuitive factors which have been acquired from previous valuable experience and gained through learning, but they may not be easily understood by others within a short period. By the use of a database of causes and decisions made by qualified experts for an objective event, human decision making for that event can be realizable artificially. This paper investigates a general method for realizing artificial human on-off decision making based on the conditional probability of the database. As on-off decision making is a discrete event and the causes for that decision making are continuous events, a mathematical treatment of a Dirac delta function in a probability density function is required to derive the conditional probability for the decision making. Several examples of artificial human decision making by the proposed method were demonstrated, and the results obtained showed good agreement with those of human experts in the respective fields.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02480862
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
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    Glia-synapse interaction through Ca2+-permeable AMPA receptors in Bergmann glia (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-05-08
    Description: Glial cells express a variety of neurotransmitter receptors. Notably, Bergmann glial cells in the cerebellum have Ca2+-permeable alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA)-type glutamate receptors (AMPARs) assembled without the GluR2 subunit. To elucidate the role of these Ca2+-permeable AMPARs, we converted them into Ca2+-impermeable receptors by adenoviral-mediated delivery of the GluR2 gene. This conversion retracted the glial processes ensheathing synapses on Purkinje cell dendritic spines and retarded the removal of synaptically released glutamate. Furthermore, it caused multiple innervation of Purkinje cells by the climbing fibers. Thus, the glial Ca2+-permeable AMPARs are indispensable for proper structural and functional relations between Bergmann glia and glutamatergic synapses.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Iino, M -- Goto, K -- Kakegawa, W -- Okado, H -- Sudo, M -- Ishiuchi, S -- Miwa, A -- Takayasu, Y -- Saito, I -- Tsuzuki, K -- Ozawa, S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 May 4;292(5518):926-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Gunma University School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11340205" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenoviridae/genetics ; Animals ; Astrocytes/cytology/*physiology ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Calcium Signaling ; Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials ; Genetic Vectors ; Green Fluorescent Proteins ; In Vitro Techniques ; Luminescent Proteins/genetics ; Membrane Potentials ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Permeability ; Purkinje Cells/cytology/*physiology ; Rats ; Receptors, AMPA/genetics/*metabolism ; Synapses/metabolism/*physiology ; *Synaptic Transmission ; Transfection ; alpha-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic Acid/pharmacology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    Retrotransposon-induced mutations in grape skin color (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-05-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kobayashi, Shozo -- Goto-Yamamoto, Nami -- Hirochika, Hirohiko -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 May 14;304(5673):982.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Grape and Persimmon Research, National Institute of Fruit Tree Science, Akitsu, Hiroshima 729-2494, Japan. skobaya@affrc.go.jp〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15143274" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; Anthocyanins/biosynthesis/genetics ; Fruit/*genetics/physiology ; *Genes, Plant ; *Mutation ; Pigmentation/*genetics ; *Retroelements ; Vitis/*genetics/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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