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  • Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration  (3)
  • Aerospace Medicine  (2)
  • Cell Differentiation  (2)
  • 2000-2004  (7)
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  • 1
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2000-02-26
    Description: Stem cells are viewed from the perspectives of their function, evolution, development, and cause. Counterintuitively, most stem cells may arise late in development, to act principally in tissue renewal, thus ensuring an organism's long-term survival. Surprisingly, recent reports suggest that tissue-specific adult stem cells have the potential to contribute to replenishment of multiple adult tissues.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉van der Kooy, D -- Weiss, S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Feb 25;287(5457):1439-41.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Toronto Faculty of Medicine, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8 Canada. derek.van.der.kooy@utoronto.ca〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10688784" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Bone Marrow Cells/cytology/physiology ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Division ; Cell Lineage ; Embryo, Mammalian/cytology ; Germ Cells/cytology/physiology ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells/cytology/physiology ; Humans ; Neurons/cytology ; Stem Cells/cytology/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2003-01-04
    Description: Neurogenesis occurs in the olfactory system of the adult brain throughout life, in both invertebrates and vertebrates, but its physiological regulation is not understood. We show that the production of neuronal progenitors is stimulated in the forebrain subventricular zone of female mice during pregnancy and that this effect is mediated by the hormone prolactin. The progenitors then migrate to produce new olfactory interneurons, a process likely to be important for maternal behavior, because olfactory discrimination is critical for recognition and rearing of offspring. Neurogenesis occurs even in females that mate with sterile males. These findings imply that forebrain olfactory neurogenesis may contribute to adaptive behaviors in mating and pregnancy.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shingo, Tetsuro -- Gregg, Christopher -- Enwere, Emeka -- Fujikawa, Hirokazu -- Hassam, Rozina -- Geary, Colleen -- Cross, James C -- Weiss, Samuel -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Jan 3;299(5603):117-20.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Genes & Development Research Group, Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Calgary Faculty of Medicine, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 4N1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12511652" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Division ; Cell Movement ; Cells, Cultured ; Choroid Plexus/metabolism ; Dentate Gyrus/cytology ; Epidermal Growth Factor/pharmacology ; Estradiol/administration & dosage/pharmacology ; Female ; Interneurons/cytology/*physiology ; Male ; Mice ; Neurons/cytology/*physiology ; Olfactory Bulb/*cytology ; Pregnancy ; Progesterone/administration & dosage/pharmacology ; Prolactin/administration & dosage/blood/pharmacology/*physiology ; Prosencephalon/*cytology/*physiology ; Pseudopregnancy ; Receptors, Prolactin/genetics/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Stem Cells/*cytology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: Background: Anecdotal reports from space and results from simulation studies on Earth have suggested that space crewmembers may experience decrements in their interpersonal environment over time and may displace tension and dysphoria to mission control personnel. Methods: To evaluate these issues, we studied 5 American astronauts, 8 Russian cosmonauts, and 42 American and 16 Russian mission control personnel who participated in the Shuttle/Mir space program. Subjects completed questions from subscales of the Profile of Mood States, the Group Environment Scale, and the Work Environment Scale on a weekly basis before, during, and after the missions. Results: Among the crewmembers, there was little evidence for significant time effects based on triphasic (U-shaped) or linear models for the 21 subscales tested, although the presence of an initial novelty effect that declined over time was found in three subscales for the astronauts. Compared with work groups on Earth, the crewmembers reported less dysphoria and perceived their crew environment as more constraining, cohesive, and guided by leadership. There was no change in ratings of mood and interpersonal environment before, during, and after the missions. Conclusions: There was little support for the presence of a moderate to strong time effect that influenced the space crews. Crewmembers perceived their work environment differently from people on Earth, and they demonstrated equanimity in mood and group perceptions, both in space and on the ground. Grant numbers: NAS9-19411. c 2001. Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
    Keywords: Aerospace Medicine
    Type: Acta astronautica (ISSN 0094-5765); Volume 49; 3-10; 243-60
    Format: text
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: A strategy is being developed whereby the current set of internationally standardized space data communications protocols can be incrementally evolved so that a first version of an operational "Interplanetary Internet" is feasible by the end of the decade. This paper describes its architectural concepts, discusses the current set of standard space data communications capabilities that exist to support Mars exploration and reviews proposed new developments. We also speculate that these current capabilities can grow to support future scenarios where human intelligence is widely distributed across the Solar System and day-to-day communications dialog between planets is routine. c2003 American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Type: Acta astronautica (ISSN 0094-5765); Volume 53; 4-10; 365-73
    Format: text
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2019-07-18
    Description: Regions of very low, rapidly varying brightness temperatures have been observed near the martian winter poles by several spacecraft. One possibility is that the CO2 condensation temperature is lowered by depletion of CO2 in the air at the surface. We estimate the rate at which this low-molecular-weight air would disperse into the high-molecular-weight air above and show that it is generally faster than the rate of supply. This dispersal could be prevented if there is a strong temperature inversion (warm air above colder air) near the surface. Without an inversion, the entire atmospheric column could become depleted. However, depleted columns take a long time to form, and they are inconsistent with the rapid fluctuations in the cold spot locations and temperatures. Because low-altitude temperature inversions cannot be ruled out by existing observations, CO2 depletion is still a viable explanation for the martian cold spots.
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Type: Icarus (ISSN 0019-1035); 144; 432-435
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2019-07-18
    Description: Three separate rock magnetic and ferromagnetic resonance tests support the hypothesis that between 25 and 50% of the fine-grained magnetite in the Martian meteorite ALH84001 was formed via biological processes. Additional information is contained in the original extended abstract.
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Type: Lunar and Planetary Science XXXIII; LPI-Contrib-1109
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Important psychosocial issues involving tension, cohesion, leader support, and displacement of negative emotions were evaluated in a 4 1/2-year study involving five U.S. and four Russian Shuttle/Mir space missions. Weekly mood and group climate questionnaires were completed by five U.S. astronauts, eight Russian cosmonauts, and 42 U.S. and 16 Russian mission control subjects. There were few findings that supported our hypothesized changes in tension, cohesion, and leader support in crew and ground subjects using various time models, although crewmembers reported decreasing leader support in the 2nd half of the missions, and astronauts showed some evidence of a novelty effect in the first few weeks. There was no evidence suggesting a 3rd quarter effect among crewmembers on any of the 21 subscales evaluated. In contrast, there was strong evidence to support the hypothesized displacement of tension and negative emotions from crewmembers to mission control personnel and from mission control personnel to management. There were several significant differences in response between Americans vs. Russians, crewmembers vs. mission control personnel, and subjects in this study vs. people in comparable groups on Earth. Subject responses before, during, and after the missions were similar, and we did not find evidence for asthenia in space. Critical incidents that were reported generally dealt with events on-board the Mir and interpersonal conflicts, although most of the responses were from a relatively small number of subjects. Our findings have implications for future training and lead to a number of countermeasures.
    Keywords: Aerospace Medicine
    Type: Gravitational and space biology bulletin : publication of the American Society for Gravitational and Space Biology (ISSN 1089-988X); 14; 2; 35-45
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