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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characteristics of Wavelength Tunable Femtosecond Soliton Pulse Generation Using Femtosecond Pump Laser and Polarization Maintaining Fiber (2000)
    Springer
    Optical review 7 (2000), S. 309-316 
    Details
    ISSN: 1349-9432
    Keywords: soliton pulse ; optical fiber ; Raman scattering ; nonlinear effect ; wavelength conversion ; ultrashort pulse ; chromatic dispersion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We have investigated both experimentally and numerically the characteristics of wavelength tunable femtosecond soliton pulse generation using a pulse width variable fiber laser and two different types of polarization maintaining fibers. The generated soliton shows the feature of the pulsewidth becoming almost constant at - 250 fs under any conditions of the pump pulse for 220m fiber. High conversion efficiency from pump pulse to a generated soliton pulse accounting for as much as 73% can be obtained. This efficiency decreases with increase in the input power or wavelength shift. A superior conversion efficiency and broad wavelength shift can be obtained by using a more shortened pump pulse. In the numerical calculations, it is predicted that under a condition of constant power of pump pulse, the maximum wavelength shift is achieved when the soliton number N is -1.4. The difference of mode field diameter and the group velocity dispersion (GVD) coefficient β2 affect the wavelength shift and conversion efficiency. Using the fiber with small mode field diameter and small absolute value of GVD coefficient β2, a high conversion efficiency and large wavelength shift can be obtained.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10043-000-0309-1
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Measurement of Timing Jitter in Wavelength Tunable Femtosecond Soliton Pulses (2000)
    Springer
    Optical review 7 (2000), S. 317-322 
    Details
    ISSN: 1349-9432
    Keywords: ultrashort pulse ; wavelength conversion ; timing jitter ; intensity noise ; Raman scattering ; radio-frequency spectrum analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We investigated the root mean square (RMS) timing jitter and RMS intensity noise of the wavelength tunable femtosecond soliton pulses using the technique of radio-frequency spectrum analysis. We obtained interesting results that the generated solitons have almost constant RMS timing jitter and RMS intensity noise of approximately 410 fs and 0.03% in the wavelength region of 1600-1750 nm. It is therefore believed that the magnitudes of the jitter and noise are not greatly increased in the process of wavelength tunable soliton pulse generation. The wavelength tunable soliton pulse is confirmed to be stable and useful for practical applications.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10043-000-0317-1
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biliary Excretion of 17β-Estradiol 17β-d-Glucuronide Is Predominantly Mediated by cMOAT/MRP2 (2000)
    Springer
    Pharmaceutical research 17 (2000), S. 546-552 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-904X
    Keywords: cMOAT/MRP2 ; biliary excretion ; 17β-estradiol 17β-d-glucuronide ; P-glycoprotein
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Purpose. The mechanism for the biliary excretion of 17β-estradiol17β0-d-glucuronide (E217βG), a cholestatic metabolite of estradiol, isstill controversial. The purpose of the present study is to examine thetransport of E217βG across the bile canalicular membrane. Methods. We examined the uptake of [3H]E217βG by isolatedcanalicular membrane vesicles (CMVs) prepared from Sprague-Dawley (SD)rats and Eisai Hyperbilirubinemic rats (EHBR) whose canalicularmultispecific organic anion transporter/multidrug resistance associatedprotein 2 (cMOAT/MRP2) function is hereditarily defective. Also,in vivo biliary excretion of intravenously administered [3H]E217βGwas examined. Results. In CMVs prepared from SD rats, but not from EHBR, amarked ATP-dependent uptake of [3H]E217βG was observed.Moreover, E217βG competitively inhibited the ATP-dependent uptake of[3H]2,4-dinitrophenyl-S-glutathione (DNP-SG). In addition, nosignificant inhibitory effect of verapamil (100 μM) and PSC-833 (5 μM) onthe uptake of [3H]E217βG was observed. In vivo, the biliary excretionof intravenously administered [3H]E217βG was severely impaired inEHBR while the biliary excretion of [3H]E217βG in SD rats wasreduced by administering a cholestatic dose (10 μmol/kg) unlabeledE217βG, but not by PSC-833 (3 mg/kg). Conclusions. The transport of E217βG across the bile canalicularmembrane is predominantly mediated by cMOAT/MRP2.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1026412915168
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  • 4
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    Glia-synapse interaction through Ca2+-permeable AMPA receptors in Bergmann glia (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-05-08
    Description: Glial cells express a variety of neurotransmitter receptors. Notably, Bergmann glial cells in the cerebellum have Ca2+-permeable alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA)-type glutamate receptors (AMPARs) assembled without the GluR2 subunit. To elucidate the role of these Ca2+-permeable AMPARs, we converted them into Ca2+-impermeable receptors by adenoviral-mediated delivery of the GluR2 gene. This conversion retracted the glial processes ensheathing synapses on Purkinje cell dendritic spines and retarded the removal of synaptically released glutamate. Furthermore, it caused multiple innervation of Purkinje cells by the climbing fibers. Thus, the glial Ca2+-permeable AMPARs are indispensable for proper structural and functional relations between Bergmann glia and glutamatergic synapses.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Iino, M -- Goto, K -- Kakegawa, W -- Okado, H -- Sudo, M -- Ishiuchi, S -- Miwa, A -- Takayasu, Y -- Saito, I -- Tsuzuki, K -- Ozawa, S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 May 4;292(5518):926-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Gunma University School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11340205" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenoviridae/genetics ; Animals ; Astrocytes/cytology/*physiology ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Calcium Signaling ; Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials ; Genetic Vectors ; Green Fluorescent Proteins ; In Vitro Techniques ; Luminescent Proteins/genetics ; Membrane Potentials ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Permeability ; Purkinje Cells/cytology/*physiology ; Rats ; Receptors, AMPA/genetics/*metabolism ; Synapses/metabolism/*physiology ; *Synaptic Transmission ; Transfection ; alpha-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic Acid/pharmacology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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