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  • Springer  (80)
  • 2000-2004  (80)
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  • 1
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    Identification of essential amino acid residues for catalytic activity and thermostability of novel chitosanase by site-directed mutagenesis (2001)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-07-01
    Print ISSN: 0175-7598
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-0614
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Published by Springer
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    PAPER CURRENT
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Isolated Singularity for the Stationary Navier—Stokes System (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of mathematical fluid mechanics 2 (2000), S. 151-184 
    Details
    ISSN: 1422-6952
    Keywords: Keywords. The stationary Navier—Stokes system, homogeneous harmonic polynomials, power series expansion and isolated singularity.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. In this paper the classical method to prove a removable singularity theorem for harmonic functions near an isolated singular point is extended to solutions to the stationary Stokes and Navier—Stokes system. Finding series expansion of solutions in terms of homogeneous harmonic polynomials, we establish some known results and new theorems concerning the behavior of solutions near an isolated singular point. In particular, we prove that if (u, p) is a solution to the Navier—Stokes system in $ B_R \setminus \{0\} $ , $ n \geq 3 $ and $ |u(x)| = o\,(|x|^{-(n - 1)/2}) $ as $ |x| \to 0 $ or $ u \in L^{2n/(n - 1)}(B_R) $ , then (u, p) is a distribution solution and if in addition, $ u \in L^{\beta}(B_R) $ for some $ \beta 〉 n $ then ( u, p) is smooth in B R .
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00000951
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molecular characterization of xynX, a gene encoding a multidomain xylanase with a thermostabilizing domain from Clostridium thermocellum (2000)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 54 (2000), S. 521-527 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract A Clostridium thermocellum gene, xynX, coding for a xylanase was cloned and the complete nucleotide sequence was determined. The xylanase gene of Clostridium thermocellum consists of an ORF of 3261 nucleotide encoding a xylanase (XynX) of 1087 amino acid residues (116 kDa). Sequence analysis of XynX showed a multidomain structure that consisted of four different domains: an N-terminal thermostabilizing domain homologous to sequences found in several thermophilic enzymes, a catalytic domain homologous to family 10 glycosyl hydrolases, a duplicated cellulose-binding domain (CBD) homologous to family IX CBDs, and a triplicated S-layer homologous domain. A deletion mutant of xynX having only the catalytic region produced a mutant enzyme XynX-C which retained catalytic activity but lost thermostability. In terms of half-life at 70 °C, the thermostability of XynX-C was about six times lower than that of the other mutant enzyme, XynX-TC, produced by a mutant containing both the thermostabilizing domain and the catalytic domain. The optimum temperature of XynX-C was about 5–10 °C lower than that of XynX-TC.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002530000412
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of an extracellular poly(3-hydroxy-5-phenylvalerate) depolymerase from Xanthomonas sp. JS02 (2000)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 53 (2000), S. 323-327 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract  A bacterium, JS02, capable of degrading an aromatic medium-chain-length polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHAMCL), poly(3-hydroxy-5-phenylvalerate) (PHPV), was isolated from wastewater-treatment sludge (Ju et al. 1998), and was identified as a Xanthomonas species. An extracellular PHPV depolymerase was purified from the concentrated culture broth of Xanthomonas sp. JS02 by using a chromatography series on Sephadex G-75, QAE-Sephadex A-50 and hydroxyapatite. The molecular mass of the purified enzyme was estimated to be 41.7 kDa. The purified enzyme could hydrolyse PHPV and p-nitrophenyl (PNP)-esters of fatty acids, but did not hydrolyse short-chain-length PHAs, though the culture supernatant could hydrolyse them. The optimum pH range was 8.0–9.0 and the optimum temperature was 60 °C for PNP-octanoate hydrolysis. The K m values for PNP-hexanoate and PNP-octanoate were 10.9 and 0.88 μM, respectively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002530050028
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analytic coupling and Sudakov effects in exclusive processes: pion and $\gamma ^*\gamma \to \pi ^0$ form factors (2000)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 18 (2000), S. 137-156 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-6052
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract. We develop and discuss in technical detail an infrared-finite factorization and optimized renormalization scheme for calculating exclusive processes, which enables the inclusion of transverse degrees of freedom without entailing suppression of calculated observables, like form factors. This is achieved by employing an analytic, i.e., infrared stable, running strong-coupling $\alpha _{\mathrm{s}}(Q^2)$ which removes the Landau singularity at $Q^2=\Lambda _{\mathrm{QCD}}^2$ by a minimum power-behaved correction. The ensuing contributions to the cusp anomalous dimension – related to the Sudakov form factor – and to the quark anomalous dimension – which controls evolution – lead to an enhancement at high $Q^2$ of the hard part of exclusive amplitudes, calculated in perturbative QCD, while simultaneously improving its scaling behavior. The phenomenological implications of this framework are analyzed by applying it to the pion's electromagnetic form factor, including the NLO contribution to the hard-scattering amplitude, and also to the pion–photon transition at LO. For the pion wave function, an improved ansatz of the Brodsky–Huang–Lepage type is employed, which includes an effective (constituent-like) quark mass, $m_q=0.33$ GeV. Predictions for both form factors are presented and compared to the experimental data, applying Brodsky–Lepage–Mackenzie commensurate scale setting. We find that the perturbative hard part prevails at momentum transfers above about 20 GeV $^2$ , while at lower $Q^2$ values the pion form factor is dominated by Feynman-type contributions. The theoretical prediction for the $\gamma ^*\gamma \to \pi ^0$ form factor indicates that the true pion distribution amplitude may be somewhat broader than the asymptotic one.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s100520000510
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vapor–Liquid Equilibrium Measurements for Binary Mixtures Containing 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-Heptafluoropropane (HFC-227ea)1 (2000)
    Springer
    International journal of thermophysics 21 (2000), S. 405-414 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9567
    Keywords: HFC-134a ; HFC-227ea ; HFC-32 ; Peng–Robinson equation of state ; vapor–liquid equilibrium
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Isothermal vapor–liquid equilibrium data for two binary mixtures of alternative refrigerants were determined by using an apparatus applying recirculating vapor and liquid. The difluoromethane (HFC-32)+1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane (HFC-227ea) and 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (HFC-134a)+1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane (HFC-227ea) systems were studied at 298.15 and 312.65 K. The pressure and vapor and liquid compositions were measured at each temperature. The experimental data were correlated with the Peng–Robinson equation of state using the van der Waals one-fluid mixing rule. Calculated results show that this equation yields good agreement with the experimental data.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006635613506
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Formation of bioactive functionally graded structure on Ti-6Al-4V alloy by chemical surface treatment (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 11 (2000), S. 555-559 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4838
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Abstract An Al- and V-free sodium titanate hydrogel layer with a graded structure where the sodium titanate gradually decreases toward the interior, was formed on the surface of Ti-6Al-4V alloy, when the alloy was exposed to 5M NaOH solution at 60 °C for 24 h. This gel layer was transformed into an amorphous sodium titanate layer without giving considerable change in the graded structure, except a little increase in the depth of the oxygen distribution by a heat treatment at 600 °C for 1 h. The sodium titanate layer formed Ti-OH groups on its surface by exchanging its Na+ ion with H3O+ ion in simulated body fluid when soaked in the fluid, and thus formed Ti-OH groups induced the apatite nucleation. The apatite layer also formed a graded structure toward the substrate. The strong bond of the apatite layer to the substrate was attributed to this graded structure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008924102096
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Composition and structure of apatite formed on organic polymer in simulated body fluid with a high content of carbonate ion (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 11 (2000), S. 421-426 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4838
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Abstract Apatite layer was formed on polyethyleneterephthalate (PET) substrate by the following biomimetic process. The PET substrate was placed on granular particles of a CaO, SiO2-based glass in simulated body fluid (SBF) with ion concentrations nearly equal to those of human blood plasma to form apatite nuclei on their surfaces. The apatite nuclei was then grown into a continuous layer by subsequently soaking the substrate in SBF under air or CO2 atmosphere in which CO2 partial pressure in the ambient was adjusted to 14.8 kPa to increase the content of carbonate ion to a level nearly equal to that of blood plasma. The increase in the content of carbonate ions in SBF changed the Ca/P atomic ratio of the apatite from 1.51 to 1.63, content of CO3 2- ions from 2.64 to 4.56 wt %, and lattice constants a from 94.32 to 94.23 nm and c from 68.70 to 68.83 nm, respectively. The Ca/P ratio and lattice constants of the apatite formed in SBF under CO2 atmosphere were approximately identical to those of bone apatite, i.e. Ca/P atomic ratio 1.65, content of CO3 2- ion 5.80 wt % and lattice constants a 94.20 and c 68.80 nm. This indicates that an apatite with composition and structure nearly identical to those of bone apatite can be produced in SBF by adjusting its ion concentrations including the content of carbonate ions to be equal to those of blood plasma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008935924847
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Enhanced production of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) by fed-batch cultures of Pseudomonas sp EL-2 (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of industrial microbiology and biotechnology 24 (2000), S. 36-40 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Keywords: Keywords: P(3HB-co-3HV); copolymer; Pseudomonas sp EL-2; fed-batch culture
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Pseudomonas sp EL-2 was cultivated to produce poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) [P(3HB-co-3HV)] from a structurally unrelated carbon source, glucose, by a fed-batch culture technique. Variation of the carbon to nitrogen (C/N) ratio of the medium produced optimal P(3HB-co-3HV) production at a C/N ratio of 95. Production of P(3HB-co-3HV) was favored by a dissolved oxygen tension of 40%. A maximum biomass concentration of 38 g L−1 containing 53% P(3HB-co-3HV) was achieved after 45 h of cultivation. This corresponds to a volumetric productivity of 0.84 g L−1 h−1. The copolymer contained 7.5 mol% 3-hydroxyvalerate. Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology (2000) 24, 36–40.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.jim.2900762
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Production of isomeric 9,10,13 (9,12,13)-trihydroxy-11E (10E)-octadecenoic acid from linoleic acid by Pseudomonas aeruginosa PR3 (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of industrial microbiology and biotechnology 25 (2000), S. 109-115 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Keywords: Keywords: bioconversion; trihydroxy octadecenoic acid; linoleic acid; Pseudomonas aeruginosa PR3
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Trihydroxy unsaturated fatty acids with 18 carbons have been reported as plant self-defense substances. Their production in nature is rare and is found mainly in plant systems. Previously, we reported that a new bacterial isolate, Pseudomonas aeruginosa PR3, converted oleic acid and ricinoleic acid to 7,10-dihydroxy-8(E)-octadecenoic acid and 7,10,12-trihydroxy-8(E)-octadecenoic acid, respectively. Here we report that strain PR3 converted linoleic acid to two compounds: 9,10,13-trihydroxy-11(E)-octadecenoic acid (9,10,13-THOD) and 9,12,13-trihydroxy-10(E)-octadecenoic acid (9,12,13-THOD). Stereochemical analyses showed the presence of 16 different diastereomers — the maximum number possible. The optimum reaction temperature and pH for THOD production were 30°C and 7.0, respectively. The optimum linoleic acid concentration was 10 mg/ml. The most effective single carbon and nitrogen sources were glucose and sodium glutamate, respectively. However, when a mixture of yeast extract (0.05%), (NH4)2HPO4 (0.2%), and NH4NO3 (0.1%) was used as the nitrogen source, THOD production was higher by 8.3% than when sodium glutamate was the nitrogen source. Maximum production of total THOD with 44% conversion of substrate was achieved at 72 h of incubation, after which THOD production plateaued up to 240 h. THOD production and cell growth increased in parallel with glucose concentration up to 0.3%, after which cell growth reached its maximum and THOD production did not increase. These results suggested that THODs were not metabolized by strain PR3. This is the first report of microbial production of 9,10,13- and 9,12,13-THOD from linoleic acid. Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology (2000) 25, 109–115.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.jim.7000041
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