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  • thermal diffusivity  (27)
  • phylogeny
  • Springer  (43)
  • Blackwell Publishing Ltd
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A high-temperature system based on the laser flash method to measure the thermal diffusivity of melts (1996)
    Springer
    International journal of thermophysics 17 (1996), S. 253-261 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9567
    Keywords: flash method ; melts ; radiation correction ; slags ; three-layer analysis ; thermal conductivity ; thermal diffusivity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract A high-temperature measuring system has been developed to undertake measurements of thennal difusivity and specific heat up to 1900 K. The overall design allows measurements on solids to be undertaken using the accepted standard techniques and analytical procedures. The specific design for molten materials and especially slags is based on the differential threelayer technique utilizing a special cell which can be accomodated in the system. In this method, the liquid specimen is sandwiched between an upper inner platinum crucible and a lower outer platinum crucible, to provide a three-layered sandwich. A laser pulse irradiates the surface of the upper platinum crucible and the temperature response of the surface of the lower platinum crucible is observed. For the purpose of accurate measurement of specimen thickness at the measuring temperature, two runs are performed in which the thicknesses arel andl+°Dl, wherel is unknown butΔl can be set accurately with a built-in micrometer. The thermal difusivity is obtained through a curve-fitting method by a personal computer using a three-layer analysis with a correction for the radiative component based on the transparent body assumption. Following verification of the basic performance, using solids of known properties and water and ethanol, a continuous casting mixture has been evaluated. The initial results on the fluids are in good agreement with those in the literature.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01448227
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Measurement of Thermal Diffusivity of Thermal Control Coatings by the Flash Method Using Two-Layer Composite Sample1 (2000)
    Springer
    International journal of thermophysics 21 (2000), S. 535-542 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9567
    Keywords: flash method ; thermal contact resistance ; thermal control coatings ; thermal diffusivity ; two-layer composite sample
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The thermal diffusivity of brittle coatings cannot be measured by the flash method directly because of the difficulty of preparing free-standing samples. Adopting the flash method using a two-layer composite sample, it is possible to measure thermal diffusivity if the radiant pulse is well defined and good thermal contact on the interface of the composite sample can be ensured. Using an equilateral trapezoidal pulse of an Nd-glass laser measuring the dimensionless temperature history of the rear face of the sample, we determined the thermal diffusivity of thermal control coatings in the temperature range of 80 to 200°C. The results for different thicknesses of substrate showed that the thermal contact resistance of the interface can be neglected.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006660318958
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermal Diffusivity Measurement of Diamond Films1 (2000)
    Springer
    International journal of thermophysics 21 (2000), S. 479-485 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9567
    Keywords: diamond ; film ; flash method ; thermal diffusivity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract This paper discusses the short-pulse-flash method developed for thermal diffusivity measurements on thin films. Two kinds of CVD diamond film have been prepared, and their thermal diffusivity in the perpendicular direction has been measured with this method. The measurement errors caused by the surface coating are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006648016232
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rapid measurement of the thermal diffusivity of flowing polymer melts (1993)
    Springer
    International journal of thermophysics 14 (1993), S. 585-592 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9567
    Keywords: anisotropy ; forced Rayleigh scattering method ; polymer melt ; polystyrene ; thermal diffusivity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Use of polymer materials for precision parts in advanced technology requires precise control of production processes such as melting, casting, and cooling processes. To achieve this, a reliable knowledge of thermophysical properties is essential. In the present study, submillisecond measurement of the thermal diffusivity of a flowing polymer melt was performed. Laminar flow of polymer melt through a narrow gap between two parallel plates creates a shear stress in the flow layer which then results in molecular orientation of polymer molecules. Once this orientation takes place, anisotropy of the thermal diffusivity is expected to occur. The method used in the present study was that of the so-called forced Rayleigh scattering method, a high-speed optical method. Nagasaka and Nagashima have recently improved the method significantly and applied it to the measurements on various difficult materials including molten salts. Measurement of thermal diffusivity anisotropy of molten polystyrene was successfully performed. Dependence of the thermal diffusivity and its anisotropy on shear force in flowing polymer melt was studied.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00566055
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Development of non-reproductive castes in the neotropical termite generaCornitermes, Embiratermes andRhynchotermes (Isoptera, Nasutitermitinae) (1992)
    Springer
    Insectes sociaux 39 (1992), S. 313-324 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Keywords: Isoptera ; Termitidae ; Nasutitermitinae ; caste differentiation ; phylogeny ; evolution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The developmental pattern of the neuter castes was studied in the mandibulate nasute generaCornitermes, Embiratermes andRhynchotermes. InCornitermes walkeri, all the workers and soldiers are male. There are two larval and a single worker instar. Workers can molt into presoldiers. InEmbiratermes chagresi andRhynchotermes perarmatus, both sexes are present among the neuters. A slight sexual dimorphism (males 〉 females) is discernible among both larval instars and among workers ofE. chagresi; female workers can molt into presoldiers. InR. perarmatus, the sexual dimorphism is conspicuous from the first larval instar on. Male larvae go through two instars, then give rise to workers, which do not molt. InR. perarmatus, there is no worker stage in females, but a third larval instar, preceding the presoldier. Hypotheses are proposed as to the evolution of these caste patterns, attempting to conciliate present knowledge of Nasutitermitinae phylogeny and known evolutionary trends affecting termite caste patterns, according to the species' ecology.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01323951
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Castes in humivorous and litter-dwelling neotropical nasute termites (Isoptera, Termitidae) (1996)
    Springer
    Insectes sociaux 43 (1996), S. 375-389 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Keywords: Nasutitermitinae ; Subulitermes ; Coatitermes ; Velocitermes ; evolution ; phylogeny
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The developmental pathways of the neuter castes were studied in three species of Nasutitermitinae from central Panama. The humivorousSubulitermes denisae andCoatitermes clevelandi display several primitive traits: absence of sex dimorphism, representation of both sexes among workers and soldiers, and occurrence of successive worker instars. The litter-dwellingVelocitermes barrocoloradensis has a more complex caste system: female larvae are larger than males and give rise to the large workers, which constitute the bulk of the work force; male larvae proceed to soldiers through a small worker or a special larval instar. The resulting soldier caste is polymorphic. These results support previously formulated hypotheses regarding a link between humivorous diet and reduced polymorphism on the one hand, and between forest-floor foraging and large continuous size variation among soldiers on the other. Whereas the caste systems ofSubulitermes andCoatitermes probably represent a primitive condition,Velocitermes shares derived traits withNasutitermes and the other fully nasute genera previously studied. I therefore hypothesize that ancestors with these advanced features may have spread from the neotropics and be at the origin of most nasute genera, including humivorous taxa, present in other regions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01258410
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In situ determination of thermal conductivity of waste rock dump material (1997)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 98 (1997), S. 345-359 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Keywords: thermal conductivity ; thermal diffusivity ; waste rock
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract In situ determinations of thermal conductivity of waste rock dumps at three mine sites: Aitik, Sweden; Kelian, Indonesia; and Heath Steele, Canada are described. Measurements were carried out at various locations and depths at each site. The estimated thermal conductivities range from 0.62 to 1.63 W m−1K−1 with an average of 1.21±0.27 W m−1K−1 for the waste rock pile at the Aitik site, 1.04 to 1.25 W m−1K−1 with an average value of 1.17(0.11 W m−1K−1 for the Heath Steele site, and 1.57 to 2.08 W m−1K−1 with an average value of 1.89±0.21 W m−1K−1 for the Kelian site. The higher average thermal conductivity at the Kelian site could be attributed to higher moisture content in the waste rock pile because of high rainfall at this site. Thermal diffusivity was also evaluated at a region of the Aitik waste rock dump where the thermal conductivity was also determined using measured temperature profiles. The thermal diffusivity value determined this way was (5.75±0.75)×10−7m2s−1, consistent with that calculated from the thermal conductivity values determined for the same location.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02047043
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molecular genetics of chimpanzee Rh-related genes: Their relationship with the R-C-E-F blood group system, the chimpanzee counterpart of the human rhesus system (1994)
    Springer
    Biochemical genetics 32 (1994), S. 201-221 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4927
    Keywords: Rh-related gene ; R-C-E-F system ; molecular genetics ; Southern blot ; phylogeny ; sequences
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract As the chimpanzee R-C-E-F blood group system appears to be the chimpanzee counterpart of the human Rhesus (RH) system, we have tried to determine whether chimpanzee Rh-like genes encode R-C-E-F-related proteins. Chimpanzee genomic DNA, digested by any of eight endonucleases and hybridized with three Rh exon-specific probes, exhibits a high degree of polymorphism. Analysis of DNA from unrelated individuals of different R-C-E-F types revealed that the presence of some restriction fragments is correlated with particular R-C-E-F types. The cosegregation of these fragments with R-C-E-F haplotypes was confirmed by family studies. Oligonucleotides complementary to regions flanking human exons were used as PCR primers on chimpanzee DNA; the resulting amplified fragments were identical in size to their human counterparts. Moreover, the nucleotide sequences of the fragments present a high degree of similarity to the corresponding human regions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00554623
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nuclear ribosomal ITS sequences and phylogeny in East AsianAconitum subgenusAconitum (Ranunculaceae), with special reference to extensive polymorphism in individual plants (2000)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 225 (2000), S. 1-13 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Ranunculaceae ; Aconitum ; ITS ; polymorphism ; pseudogenes ; phylogeny
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences of nuclear ribosomal DNA (nrDNA) were used to examine the phylogeny of East Asian aconites. Individual aconites were discovered to contain as many as eight different ITS sequences after cloning and PCR-SSCP (single-stranded conformational polymorphisms) analysis. We identified eight putative ITS pseudogenes from four taxa with low predicted secondary structure stability and high substitution rates. Maximum likelihood (ML) and neighbor-joining (NJ) methods were used for phylogenetic reconstruction. The ITS trees agree with the previous chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) tree for the vast majority of the taxa. We found two East Asian clades in the ITS trees: 1) a clade with the Chinese diploid,Aconitum volubile and East Asian tetraploids, and 2) a clade of East Asian diploids and Siberian tetraploids. In the former clade, most tetraploid taxa appear to be polyphyletic; sequences from individual plants did not correspond to recognized taxonomic units. This indicates a recent divergence of the East Asian tetraploids.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00985455
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phylogenetic positions of the aberrant branchiobdellidans and aphanoneurans within the Annelida as derived from 18S ribosomal RNA gene sequences (1996)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 324 (1996), S. 229-236 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Annelida ; Branchiobdellida ; Aphanoneura ; phylogeny ; 18S ribosomal RNA gene
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Different hypotheses have been proposed on the phylogenetic relationships of branchiobdellidans and aphanoneurans among the Annelida based on the anatomical and embryological characters. The 18S ribosomal RNA gene sequences have been analyzed from representatives of the three major taxa of the Annelida plus the branchiobdellidans and aphanoneurans to assess their phylogenetic relationships to each other. In this preliminary study, all of the phylogenetic analyses show the branchiobdellidans as a sister group to the leeches, rather than the oligochaetes. The position of the aphanoneurans is stable as an independent taxon that evolved after the polychaetes branched from the evolutionary stem, but before the ancestral oligochaetes emerged.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00016395
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