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  • Polymorphism  (6)
  • viscosity  (4)
  • electrodeposition  (3)
  • Springer  (13)
  • Blackwell Publishing Ltd
  • 2000-2004  (13)
Collection
Keywords
Publisher
  • Springer  (13)
  • Blackwell Publishing Ltd
Years
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structured diffuse scattering, displacive flexibility and polymorphism in Ba-hexacelsian (2000)
    Springer
    Physics and chemistry of minerals 27 (2000), S. 194-202 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2021
    Keywords: Key words Hexacelsian ; Polymorphism ; Diffuse distribution ; Dynamical disorder ; Correlated tetrahedral rotation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract  The results of a temperature-dependent electron diffraction study of the low frequency modes of distortion of Ba-hexacelsian and their relationship to the α-β polymorphic phase transition therein are presented. Cs- and Rb-doped Ba-hexacelsian specimens are also investigated. An extremely strong and characteristic diffuse intensity distribution in the form of polarized sheets of diffuse intensity perpendicular to the 〈1 1 0〉 directions is found for the high temperature polymorph and the doped specimens. The diffuse distribution appears to result from coupled tetrahedral rotation of 〈1 1 0〉 columns of corner-connected (Al,Si)O4 tetrahedra about the [0 0 1] axis (uncorrelated from column to column as a result of the positioning of the rotation axes).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002690050007
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electrodeposition of cohesive carbon films on aluminum in a LiCl–KCl–K2CO3 melt (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of applied electrochemistry 30 (2000), S. 571-574 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Keywords: aluminum electrode ; carbon film ; electrodeposition ; molten salt
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract Electrodeposition of carbon on an aluminum electrode was studied in a LiCl–KCl–K2CO3 melt. A cyclic voltammogram for an aluminum electrode indicates that the cathodic current is due to the reduction of CO3 2− ions. Carbon films on aluminum substrates were obtained by potentiostatic electrolysis, and the cohesiveness of the films depended on the potential. SEM observations showed that the morphology of the deposited carbon film depends on the electrolytic conditions. Raman spectroscopy, XPS and XAES measurement showed that the film consisted of carbon in the sp2 state.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003927100308
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of Starch Granule Size on Viscosity of Starch-Filled Poly(hydroxy ester ether) Composites (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of polymers and the environment 8 (2000), S. 145-150 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8900
    Keywords: Starch ; particle size ; composite ; viscosity ; polyester
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The effect of starch granule size on the viscosity of starch-filled poly(hydroxy ester ether) (PHEE) composites was characterized using size-fractionated potato starch, as well as unfractionated starches (rice, corn, wheat, and potato). Potato starch was separated using an air classifier into four particle size fractions: 〈18 μm, 18-24 μm, 24-30 μm, and 〉30 μm. The starch was dried to a moisture content of 0.5% to minimize moisture effects on composite rheology. PHEE and potato starch were extruded with starch volume fractions of 0.46 and 0.66. Stress relaxation, frequency and strain sweep, and temperature-dependence measurements were carried out. Although small variations in viscosity were seen with the different potato starch fractions, differences were not significant at a volume fraction of 0.46. Viscosity differences between the different particle size fractions were more pronounced at a volume fraction of 0.66. The temperature dependence could be described by an Arrhenius relation, with an apparent activation energy of 84 kJ/mole. At a volume fraction of 0.46, the starch/PHEE viscosities increased in the order potato starch 〈 wheat starch ≃ corn starch 〈 rice starch.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1014829916940
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electrowinning of tellurium from alkaline leach liquor of cemented Te (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of applied electrochemistry 30 (2000), S. 315-322 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Keywords: alkaline leach liquor ; cemented Te ; electrodeposition ; electrowinning ; tellurium
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract The electrochemical behaviour of tellurium in 2.5 M NaOH solution was studied for the recovery of tellurium from alkaline leach liquor of cemented Te using steady state polarization and cyclic voltammetry. The deposition characteristics and the potential range for a stable deposit of tellurium were also investigated. The morphology of deposited Te in alkaline solution showed a very porous nature and needlelike radial growth. The potential range for stable electrodeposition was between −0.8 V and −0.95 V (vs Hg/HgO electrode), but electrowinning could be carried out at more negative potentials due to the disproportionation reaction of Te2 2−. Laboratory-scale electrowinning experiments were performed under different operating voltages, temperatures and initial Te concentrations. The current efficiency was about 85–90% for 50% recovery and about 50–60% for 90% recovery. The purity of electrodeposited Te was higher than 99.95%.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003867821601
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lack of association between atopic asthma and polymorphisms of the histamine H1 receptor, histamine H2 receptor, and histamine N-methyltransferase genes (2000)
    Springer
    Immunogenetics 51 (2000), S. 238-240 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1211
    Keywords: Key words Histamine H1 receptor ; Histamine H2 receptor ; Histamine N-methyltransferase ; Polymorphism ; Atopic asthma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002510050037
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The impact of the CYP2D6 and CYP2C19 genotypes on venlafaxine pharmacokinetics in a Japanese population (2000)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 56 (2000), S. 175-180 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Key words CYP2D6 ; CYP2C19 ; Polymorphism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objective: The cytochrome P 450 isozymes CYP2D6 and CYP2C19 exhibit genetic polymorphism in human, including a marked interethnic difference. As the functional status of the isozymes CYP2D6 and CYP2C19 have an impact on the pharmacokinetics of some antidepressants, we investigated whether the disposition of venlafaxine was affected by the CYP2D6 and CYP2C19 genotypes. Methods: Twenty-eight adult Japanese men in good health participated in this study. Genomic DNA was isolated from peripheral lymphocytes, and the CYP2D6 genotype was determined using polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analysis and XbaI-RFLP analysis. Subjects were categorized into the following four groups: group 1 CYP2D6*10/*10; group 2 CYP2D6*1/*10 and *2/*10; group 3 CYP2D6*1/*1, *1/*2 and *2/*2; and group 4 the other genotypes. Two defective CYP2C19 alleles (CYP2C19*2 and CYP2C19*3) were identified by means of PCR-RFLP analysis. Venlafaxine was administered orally following an overnight fast. Plasma concentrations of venlafaxine and O-desmethylvenlafaxine were monitored using high-performance liquid chromatography up to 24 h. Results: The peak plasma concentration and values of area under the concentration–time curve up to 24 h for venlafaxine were 298% and 453% higher for group 1 than group 3, and 91% and 120% higher for group 2 than for group 3, respectively. The homozygote for two defective alleles of CYP2C19 showed a higher concentration of venlafaxine within group 1 and group 2. Conclusion: The CYP2D6*10 allele and two CYP2C19 defective alleles, common in an Asian population, are the most likely genetic factors to use in determining interindividual differences in the pharmacokinetics of venlafaxine, although the results with respect to CYP2C19 are preliminary because of the few subjects used.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002280050737
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The role of electrostatic forces in pollination (2000)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 222 (2000), S. 133-142 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Electric charges ; electrodeposition ; electrostatic pollination ; electrostatic powder coating ; flower morphology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract This paper reviews research on the role of electrostatic forces in pollination, both in natural and in agricultural systems. Researchers from various fields of biological studies have reported phenomena which they related to electrostatic forces. The theory of electrostatically mediated pollen transfer between insect pollinators and the flowers they visit is described, including recent studies which confirmed that the accumulated charges on airborne honey bees are sufficient for non-contact pollen detachment by electrostatic forces (i.e., electrostatic pollination). The most important morphological features in flower adaptiveness to electrostatic pollination were determined by means of two theoretical models of a flower exposed to an approaching charged cloud of pollen; they are style length and flower opening. Supplementary pollination by using electrostatic techniques is reported, and its possible importance in modern agriculture is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00984099
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New Correlation Functions for Viscosity Calculation of Gases Over Wide Temperature and Pressure Ranges (2000)
    Springer
    International journal of thermophysics 21 (2000), S. 1011-1031 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9567
    Keywords: dense fluids ; Rainwater–Friend theory ; second viscosity virial coefficient ; viscosity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The viscosity of 14 supercritical gases over a wide temperature–pressure range is calculated with a new correlation scheme. Highly accurate realistic interatomic potentials of the noble gases are used in the Chapman–Enskog calculation of the zero-density viscosity and in the Rainwater–Friend theory to determine the initial density dependence of the viscosity. At densities beyond the range of the theory, a variant of the residual viscosity is developed. It is shown that the temperature dependence of the residual viscosity function increases with the number of atoms in the molecule. By including this temperature dependence, the accuracy of the predicted results improves significantly. The accuracy of this method is within the experimental uncertainties.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1026437702566
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Prediction of the Thermal Conductivity and Viscosity of Binary and Ternary HFC Refrigerant Mixtures (2000)
    Springer
    International journal of thermophysics 21 (2000), S. 23-34 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9567
    Keywords: HFC-32 ; HFC-125 ; HFC-134a ; hard-sphere theory ; mixture ; refrigerant ; thermal conductivity ; viscosity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract A recently developed scheme, based on considerations of hard-sphere theory, is used for the simultaneous prediction of the thermal conductivity and the viscosity of binary and ternary HFC refrigerant mixtures, consisting of HFC-32, HFC-125, and HFC-134a. In this prediction scheme, the hypothetical molecular parameters of HFC refrigerant mixtures were assumed to be the molar average of the pure component values. The close agreement between the predicted values and the experimental results of thermal conductivity and viscosity demonstrate the predictive power of this scheme.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006696518938
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transport Property Measurements on the IUPAC Sample of 1,1,1,2-Tetrafluoroethane (R134a) (2000)
    Springer
    International journal of thermophysics 21 (2000), S. 1-22 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9567
    Keywords: R134a ; dilute gas ; refrigerant ; saturation properties ; 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane ; thermal conductivity ; transport properties ; viscosity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract This paper reports the results of an international project coordinated by the Subcommittee on Transport Properties of Commission I.2 of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry. The project has been conducted to investigate the large discrepancies between the results reported by various authors for the transport properties of R134a and culminates the effort which was initially described in 1995. The project has involved the remeasurement of the transport properties of a single sample of R134a in nine laboratories throughout the world in order to test the hypothesis that at least part of the discrepancy could be attributed to the purity of the samples. This paper provides an intercomparison of the new experimental results obtained for the viscosity and thermal conductivity in the vapor, liquid, and supercritical gas phases. The viscosity measurements were made with a variety of techniques including the vibrating wire, oscillating disk, capillary flow, and falling body. Thermal conductivity was measured using transient bare and anodized hot wires, steady-state anodized hot wires, and light scattering. Agreement between a variety of experimental techniques using the standard round-robin sample is necessary to demonstrate that some of the discrepancies in earlier results were due to sample impurities. Identification of disagreement between data using one experimental technique relative to other techniques may suggest modifications that would lead to more accurate measurements on these highly polar refrigerant materials. It is anticipated that the new data which have been measured on this IUPAC round-robin sample will aid in the identification of the reliable data sets in the literature and ultimately allow the refinement of the IUPAC reference-data correlations for the transport properties of R134a.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006690702100
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