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  • Genetic diversity  (3)
  • damage  (3)
  • Springer  (6)
  • American Society of Hematology
  • Blackwell Publishing Ltd
  • Oxford University Press
  • 2000-2004  (6)
Collection
Keywords
Publisher
  • Springer  (6)
  • American Society of Hematology
  • Blackwell Publishing Ltd
  • Oxford University Press
Years
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Assessment of genetic diversity within and among germplasm accessions in cultivated sorghum using microsatellite markers (2000)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 100 (2000), S. 918-925 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key words Core collection ; Genetic diversity ; Germplasm ; Microsatellites ; Sorghum ; SSR
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  Microsatellite markers are increasingly being used in crop plants to discriminate among genotypes and as tools in marker-assisted selection. Here we evaluated the use of microsatellite markers to quantify the genetic diversity within as well as among accessions sampled from the world germplasm collection of sorghum. Considerable variation was found at the five microsatellite loci analysed, with an average number of alleles per locus equal to 2.4 within accessions and 19.2 in the overall sample of 25 accessions. The collection of sorghum appeared highly structured genetically with about 70% of the total genetic diversity occurring among accessions. However, differentiation among morphologically defined races of sorghum, or among geographic origins, accounted for less than 15% of the total genetic diversity. Our results are in global agreement with those obtained previously with allozyme markers. We were also able to show that microsatellite data are useful in identifying individual accessions with a high relative contribution to the overall allelic diversity of the collection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220051371
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Allozyme variation and population genetic structure of common wild rice Oryza rufipogon Griff. in China (2000)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 101 (2000), S. 494-502 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key words China ; Conservation management ; Genetic diversity ; O. rufipogon ; Population genetic structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  In order to determine the genetic diversity and genetic structure of populations in common wild rice Oryza rufipogon, an endangered species, allozyme diversity was analyzed using 22 loci in 607 individuals of 21 natural populations from the Guangxi, Guangdong, Hainan, Yunnan, Hunan, Jiangxi and Fujian provinces in China. The populations studied showed a moderate allozyme variability (A=1.33, P=22.7%, Ho=0.033 and He=0.068), which was relatively high for the genus Oryza. The levels of genetic diversity for Guangxi and Guangdong were significantly higher than those for the other regions, and thus South China appeared to be the center of genetic diversity of O. rufipogon in China. A moderate genetic differentiation (FST=0.310, I=0.964) was found among the populations studied. Interestingly, the pattern of population differentiation does not correspond to geographic distance. An estimate of the outcrossing rate (t=0.324) suggests that the species has a typical mixed-mating system. The deficit of heterozygotes (F=0.511) indicates that some inbreeding may have taken place in outcrossing asexual populations because of intra-clone outcrossing events and ”isolation by distance” as a result of human disturbance. In order to predict the long-term genetic survival of fragmented populations, further studies on gene flow among the remaining populations and the genetic effects of fragmentation are proposed. Finally, some implications for the conservation of endangered species are suggested.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220051508
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic diversity of the submerged macrophyte Hydrilla verticillata (L. f.) Royle in a river system in Japan (2000)
    Springer
    Limnology 1 (2000), S. 27-31 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-863X
    Keywords: Key words Aquatic macrophyte ; Genetic diversity ; Hydrilla verticillata ; River system
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The genetic diversity of Hydrilla verticillata was studied in the Kako River system, Hyogo Prefecture, southwestern Japan, including some of its tributaries. Sex expression (monoecy or dioecy), ploidy level (diploid or triploid), and isoenzyme phenotypes were investigated for plant samples collected from 51 sites along the water course. Monoecious plants occurred at 10 sites and dioecious plants at 47 sites. Among dioecious plants, diploid and triploid plants occurred at 1 and 46 sites, respectively. Seven multienzyme phenotypes (MEPs) were recognized by electrophoretic analysis among dioecious triploid plants. The distribution pattern of nine biotypes based on sex expression, ploidy level, and MEPs suggested the possibility of ecological differentiation among different biotypes. The implications of genetic diversity demonstrated in this study were discussed in relation to the conservation strategy of biodiversity in a river system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s102010070026
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dynamic compression-shear response of brittle materials with specimen recovery (2000)
    Springer
    Experimental mechanics 40 (2000), S. 321-330 
    Details
    ISSN: 1741-2765
    Keywords: Fragmentation ; damage ; ceramics ; impact ; wave propagation ; nanocomposites
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract A new configuration for compression-shear soft-recovery experiments is presented. This technique is used to investigate various failure mechanisms during dynamic multiaxial loading of an Al2O3/SiC nanocomposite and TiB2. Velocity profiles of the target surface are measured with a variable sensitivity displacement interferometer, yielding normal and transverse velocity-time histories. A dynamic shear stress of approximately 280 MPa is obtained, in the Al2O3/SiC nanocomposite, for an imposed axial stress of about 3.45 GPa on a 540 μm thick sample. This dynamic shear stress is well below the value predicted by elastic wave propagation theory. This could be the result of stress-induced damage and inelasticity in the bulk of the sample or inelasticity on the sample surface due to frictional sliding. To gain further insight into the possible failure mechanisms, an investigation of compression-shear recovery techniques, with simultaneous trapping of longitudinal and lateral release waves, is conducted.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02327506
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Creep Failure Analysis of Bars Sustaining Constant Tensile Loads (2000)
    Springer
    Mechanics of time-dependent materials 4 (2000), S. 57-79 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2738
    Keywords: creep ; damage ; fracture ; life time ; viscoplasticity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Life time and failure modes are predicted for metallic barssustaining tensile creep. Experimental results show that a ductile or a`brittle' mode of fracture occurs depending respectively on whether thenominal applied stress is large or small. The analysis is based on amodeling of void nucleation and growth in which damage evolution iscontrolled by two mechanisms of plastic flow in the matrix material.Fracture is supposed to occur when the porosity attains a critical valuewhich depends on the mode of fracture considered. Experimental resultsare explained and described in terms of the proposed model.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009875505588
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Prediction of the Residual Structural Integrity of a Polymer Matrix Composite Construction Element (2000)
    Springer
    Mechanics of time-dependent materials 4 (2000), S. 155-167 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2738
    Keywords: damage ; durability ; influence of environmental conditions ; laminates ; reliability ; unidirectional lamina ; viscoelasticity ; viscoplasticity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Polymers are time-dependent materials. Polymer matrix compositesbehave as viscoelastic-viscoplastic anisotropic continua. Theirthermomechanical characteristics are not only time-dependent, but arestrongly influenced by the variations of the environmental conditions(temperature, moisture diffusion, radiation, etc.). This concerns notonly the stiffness but also the strength characteristics, related to thedamage development. Due to the composite nature, the number of potentialdamage sources is high and the damage development has to take intoaccount all the interactions between simple mechanical loading modes,with or without, changing environmental conditions. Following anon-linear viscoelastic-viscoplastic analysis, based on the Schaperyequations and a Zapas–Crissman functional, the stiffness degradation isobtained based on short-term creep and creep-recovery measurements atdifferent stress levels and different temperatures. A damagecomponent is added to the viscoelastic-viscoplastic model in order toaccount for damage development and associated strength degradation.Results obtained in the transverse direction of an unidirectionalgraphite-epoxy composite are presented. The extension to completelaminates with different stacking sequences is discussed. An assumptionon the interlaminar behaviour must be introduced in order to take intoaccount the important damage source not considered in classical laminatetheories.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009829926708
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