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  • Mitochondrial DNA  (3)
  • Springer  (3)
  • American Physical Society
  • 2000-2004  (3)
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  • Springer  (3)
  • American Physical Society
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Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molecular analysis of α-thalassemia in Nepal: correlation with malaria endemicity (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of human genetics 45 (2000), S. 127-132 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-232X
    Keywords: Key words Thalassemia ; Globin ; Genotype ; Haplotype ; Nepal ; Malaria ; Mitochondrial DNA
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Thalassemia is a prevalent hereditary disorder characterized by impaired synthesis of globin chains. It has been suggested that the high frequency of thalassemia might reflect heterozygote advantage due to reduced susceptibility to malaria. In Nepal, malaria has often occurred in places below the altitude of 1200 m. We carried out a microepidemiological study on thalassemia in two neighboring populations in Nepal, the Danuwar and the Tamang. Settlements of the Danuwar are located below the limit of the malarial zone (1200 m in altitude), whereas those of the Tamang are found in malaria-free uplands. Three heterozygotes for hemoglobin (HbE) were observed in the Danuwars. We detected one type (−α3.7I) of α+-thalassemia that involves a deletion of 3.7 kb, leading to a loss of one of two α-globin genes, in the Danuwars, at a high gene frequency of 63%, while the gene frequency in the Tamangs was only 5%. Analysis of the α-globin gene cluster revealed that four different haplotypes were associated with the type of α+-thalassemia in the Danuwars. Nucleotide sequences of the D-loop region in the mitochondrial DNA of the two populations indicated a similar nucleotide diversity in each population. The fixation index, FST, representing the degree of genetic differentiation estimated from mitochondrial DNA diversities (FST, 0.05), was smaller than that obtained from the gene frequencies of α+-thalassemia (FST, 0.55). If we assume neutral molecular evolution in the D-loop region of mitochondrial DNA, these results suggest that the high frequency of α+-thalassemia may be due to biological adaptation to the malarial environment rather than to events such as a bottleneck.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s100380050198
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Morphological changes in homeotic cytoplasmic male-sterile carrots combined with fertile cytoplasm by asymmetrical cell fusion (2000)
    Springer
    Plant cell reports 19 (2000), S. 363-370 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-203X
    Keywords: Key words Daucus carota L. ; Mitochondrial DNA ; Repeated cell fusion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  The cytoplasmic male-sterile (CMS) carrot (Daucus carota ssp. sativus) with the petaloid phenotype was asymmetrically fused with eight different fertile cytoplasms to convert the CMS to a fertile state. Restoration to the fertile phenotype was successful with an over 20% efficiency. Cybrids with brown anther sterile, incomplete petaloid sterile, or "combined flower" fused on the same axis were also observed. Restricted DNA fragment patterns revealed that the mitochondrial genome organizations of the cybrids were not identical to those of their parents but were of an intermediate type. Repeated cell fusion to introduce two different foreign cytoplasms into the CMS cytoplasm was effective for obtaining fertile plants. The role of mitochondrial factors which regulate flower organ morphogenesis was demonstrated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002990050741
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The mitochondrial DNA of Dictyostelium discoideum: complete sequence, gene content and genome organization (2000)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 263 (2000), S. 514-519 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Key wordsDictyostelium discoideum ; Mitochondrial DNA ; Genome sequencing ; Genetic map ; Evolution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract We present an overview of the gene content and organization of the mitochondrial genome of Dictyostelium discoideum. The mitochondria genome consists of 55,564 bp with an A + T content of 72.6%. The identified genes include those for two ribosomal RNAs (rnl and rns), 18 tRNAs, ten subunits of the NADH dehydrogenase complex (nad1, 2, 3, 4, 4L, 5, 6, 7, 9 and 11), apocytochrome b (cytb), three subunits of the cytochrome oxidase (cox1/2 and 3), four subunits of the ATP synthase complex (atp1, 6, 8 and 9), 15 ribosomal proteins, and five other ORFs, excluding intronic ORFs. Notable features of D. discoideum mtDNA include the following. (1) All genes are encoded on the same strand of the DNA and a universal genetic code is used. (2) The cox1 gene has no termination codon and is fused to the downstream cox2 gene. The 13 genes for ribosomal proteins and four ORF genes form a cluster 15.4 kb long with several gene overlaps. (3) The number of tRNAs encoded in the genome is not sufficient to support the synthesis of mitochondrial protein. (4) In total, five group I introns reside in rnl and cox1/2, and three of those in cox1/2 contain four free-standing ORFs. We compare the genome to other sequenced mitochondrial genomes, particularly that of Acanthamoeba castellanii.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00008685
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